新版译林9年级英语语法定语从句讲解与练习及答案剖析

1、定语从句前言：虽然定语从句在初中语法中出现的较晚，且中考所占分数比列不高，因此，对学生的要求不是很高，但是初中阶段的定语从句是为高中的进一步学习打下基础，因此，这部分知识比较重要，希望同学们要予以重视。语法定语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的'表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句

2、作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。女口：1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2）YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（宾格who,所有格whose）和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句

3、中做主语(1) TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2) YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Footballisagamewhichislikedby

4、mostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6) Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) Hehasafriendwhosefathe

5、risadoctor.(2) Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,

6、thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b) 介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a) 在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b) 在不定代词，女如anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c) 先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用

7、that。(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.(g) 为了避免重复.(h) 先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供

8、油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。(三)、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配)1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1) ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2) ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsag

9、ohasbeenpulleddown.2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2) Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.注表示时间“time"词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。Istillrememberthefirs

10、ttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2) Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1

11、) Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2) Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2) that前不能有介词。3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIliv

12、edtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.13练习练习一（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2. Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.

13、BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4. Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5. Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6. Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7. Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.8. Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9. Ip

14、referthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10. Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. Thehouseweliveinisverybig.2. Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3. Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.4. Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5. Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.6.

15、Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.7. Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.8. Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.9. Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?10. I'llneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague.练习二一、单项填空1. -WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?-Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

16、A. heB.thatC.whomD.which2. Ihatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A. whoB.whichC.theyD.where3. TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.A. whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4. GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A. whoB.whomC.heD.which5. ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A. thereB.wh

17、enC.whereD.which6. Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7. Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8. Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9. Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10. Mr.White,ca

18、rhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11. Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12. ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13. ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14. Hedidn'tt

19、ellmetheplacehewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15. Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when16. Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that17. Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyh

20、im.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which18. Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom19. ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where20. Thefamousscientistgrewuphewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.

21、A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever21. AstorygoesElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that22. TheParkersboughtanewhousebutwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which23. Isthisfactoryyouworkedat?A.theoneB.whichC.

22、thatD.where24. Isthisthefactoryyouworked?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone25. -Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?-Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who26. TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that27. -Whereisthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday?-HehasgonebacktoQing

23、huaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which28. Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who29. Doyouknowaboysisterisanurseinahospital?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose30. Isthereashopnearherewecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子1. Theboysareplayingfootballarefrom

24、ClassOne.2. Thosewanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.3. MrLiuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.4. Theprofessoryouarewaitingforhascome.5. Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.6. Helikestoreadbooksarewrittenbyforeignwriters.7. Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.&We'llgotohearthefamoussi

25、ngerwehaveoftentalked.9. WhereisthemanIsawthismorning?10. Theseasoncomesafterspringissummer.11. Ivisitedascientistnameisknownalloverthecountry.12. Hehasafriendfatherisadoctor.13. Ioncelivedinthehouseroofhasfallenin.14. IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.15. Thetimewegottogetherfinallyarrived

26、.16. ShanghaiisthecityIwasborn.17. ThehouseIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.18. Pleasetellmethereasonyoumissedtheplane.19. Thereasonhewaspunishedisunknowntous.arewell20. Allthepeoplearepresentburstintotears.21. Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofeducated.22. Hesucceededin

27、thecompetition,madehisparentsveryhappy.23. Theschoolheoncestudiedisveryfamous.24. TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazineyouasked.25. ThisistheboyIplayedtenniswithyesterday.练习三1. Thehouseweliveisnotbig.A. inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that2. Hetalkedaboutthelecturesandschoolshehadvisited.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.

28、whom3. ThescientisttheteacheristalkingisleavingforBeijing.A.tohimB.whomC.toD.tothat4. Iwhoyourteacher,willteachMarxismasatruthtoyou.A.isB. areC. wereD.am5. theycoulddowastoworkhard.A.AllB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.That6.Doyouknowthereasonhedidn'tcome?A.thatB.whichC.for7. TheroomA.thatC.whose8. Thepark,

29、A.whereC.that9. Thepark,A.whereC.that10. ThefirsttimeA.whenC.thatD. whywindowsfacesouthishis.B. whichD.who'swevisitedyesterday,isverynice.B. whichD.whenwemetwithhim,isverynice.B. whichD.whenIsawherwasin1989.B. whichIdo.D.as11. PayattentiontoallB.inwhichD.thatA.whichC. what12. I'vereadalltheb

30、ooksyougaveme.A.whichB.themC. whatD.that13. IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?A.whatB.whichC. thatD.it14. Thewomanchildhadfallenillwasadoctor.A.whoB.herC. whoseD./I'musing15. ThepenI'musingishers.A.which;itB.that;itC.it;/D./16. Ihavethesametroubleyouhave.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what17. It'stheveryb

31、ookIwanttofind.A.whichB.thatC.itD.so18. HeistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoEnglishforfouryears.A.haslearntB.havelearntC.learnD.learning19. Thisisoneofthebooksworthreading.A.thatisB.whichareC.itwasD.theyarebeen20. Thisisthebestfilmbeenshownthisyear.A.whichhasB.whichhaveC.thathasD.thathaveissixminuteslong.21.

32、Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,theminutehaveA.whereB.ofwhichC.thatD.ofthat22. Canyoutellmethereasonyoudidn'tcomeforyesterday?A.whyB.howC.whichD.what23. Doyoustillrememberthedaywespenttogetherlastmonth?A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where24. Oct.1,1949wasthedaytheNewChinawasfounded.A.thatB.inwhichC.when

33、D.where25. Which/WhoofthemknowssomethingaboutEnglishdoesn'tknowthisword?A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as26. weallknow,heisagoodman.A.WhichB.WhoC.ThatD.As27. I'veneverseensuchalazyboyyouare.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as28. ThereweremanygreatleadersinthehistoryAbrahamLincolnwasthegreatestone.A.inwhichB.inwhomC

34、.ofwhichD.ofwhom29. Iboughtanewdictionary,isverybeautiful.A.whosethecoverB.ofwhichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.whichcover30. Theyhaveplantedmanytrees,onethirdofarepinetrees.A.themB.whoseC.whichD.that31. Thatismyoffice,facethesouth.A.it'swindowsB.thewindowsC.thewindowsofitD.thewindowsofwhich32. He'

35、;sgivenusalotofinformation,isvaluable.A.littleofitB.LittleofwhichC.alittleD.muchofthem33. Hehastwosons,isacollagestudent.A.whoB.bothofwhomC.neitherofwhomD.neither34. Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,isonlyfifteen.A.theyoungestofwhomB.theoldestofthemC.oneofthemD.thetallest35. Hehaspublishedtwoboo

36、ks,I'vecompletelyforgotten.A.theirnamesB.thenamesofwhichC.thenamesofthemD.whatnamesofwhich36. Hehasseveralfriends,themostdevotedisHenry.A.friendB.oneofthemC.ofthemD.ofwhom37. Fivemenstoleintothegate,waslameintherightleg.B.thethirdofwhomD.amongthemIwantedtovisit.B.thatD.inwhichyouaregoingtowork?B

37、.thatD.thereA.thesecondC.oneofthem38. ThisistheveryschoolA.whereC.which39. IstheschoolA.whereC.whichyouwant?40. IsthisB.theoneD.theonewhatIhavevisitedtwice,hasalargepopulation.B.whichD.thatisfortyyearsold,hasgotalifeprofessorshipinauniversity.B.whomD.thatshewasdressed.B.whichD.howyoucouldstopotherst

38、alkingaboutyouunlessyoudon'tspareyourselfA.whichC.that41. Shanghai,A.whereC.what42. Myyoungestsister,A.whichC.who43. Thestudentsdidn'tlikethewayA./C.what44. There'snoway（严格要求自己）.A.forB.thatC.whereD.ofwhich45. Iamdeterminedtolearnmysubjectsinthewayyouhavedone.A.inwhichB.bywhatC.whatD.wher

39、e46. Heusedtodothingsinawaydidnoharmtoanybody.A./B.whatC.inwhichD.thattohelpyou.47. I'lldoA.allIcanB.allwhatIcanC.allthoseImanageD.allwhichIcan48. Allwanttobuythebook,putdownyournameshere.A.whoB.thesethatC.thosewhoD.ones49. Thisisthethirdtimeyou'relateforschool.A.inwhichB.thatC.whichD.onwhic

40、h50. Hearrivedyesterday,wasjustwhatweexpected.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which51. EinsteintaughtatPrinceton,therewasafamousresearchinstitute.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.becauseof52. Thatisthereasonhecametoseeyou.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.forwhich53. SheisoneofthefewpersonsSpanishinourschool.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.whichs

41、peakD.thatspeaks54. HeistheonlyoneoftheteachersSpanishinourschool.A.whoteachesB.whoteachC.whichteachesD.thatteach55. Youaretheonlyoneadvicehemightlistento.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whatever56. Hereissobigastonenomancanlift.A.asB.whichC.whoD.that57. Heseemsaforeigner,infactitis.A.whichB.asC.thatD.and58. Wh

42、ohascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that59. IsthisthemuseumsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone60. Isthismuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone61. Howdoyoulikethebook?It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.t

43、heonewhat62. Whichsentenceiswrong?A. ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.B. Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?C. Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.D. Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.63. Antarcticweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich64. Eachtimetheymet,theywouldtalklonghourstogether.A.whichB.duringC.whenD./65. Maythefourthis