虚拟语气 (3)

1、 The Subjunctive Mood1.混合条件句：混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式必须按其自己的时间来决定动词的形式。If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be able to run so fast.如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑那么快。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）。 If he had died in the accident, he couldnt stand in front of you now.如果他在那次事故中死去，现在就不会站在你面前。2.省略省略i

2、f的虚拟条件从句的用法的虚拟条件从句的用法如果条件句的从句部分含有系动词were或助动词should或had，有时可将if省略，把were, should或had移到主语之前。 Were I you（=if I were you）, I would get up early in the morning. 我是你的话，我早晨就会早起。 Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived）, you could have caught the train. 昨天你早到车站十分钟的话，就会

3、赶上火车了。 Should it rain（= If it should rain）, the crops would be saved.要是下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。3.在在in case, for fear (that), lest等引导的等引导的目的状目的状从句从句中中，常用虚拟语气：谓语动词用should+动词原形，表示“唯恐，以免”。 She took the raincoat with her in case /for fear that /lest she (should) be caught in the rain. The student is working hard fo

4、r fear that he should fail the exam.4.“It is necessary that”这个句型中，表示情绪、观点的形容词或名词作表语，that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用（should） +V原形。常用的这类形容词、名词有：necessary, important, probable, possible, impossible, natural, strange, surprising, proper（适当的），urgent（紧迫的），vital（至关重要的），advisable（合理的）， appropriate（合适的），crucial（紧急的），essen

5、tial（必要的），incredible（惊人的），preferable（更好的）； pity, shame, advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, miracle, order, proposal, requirement, resolution（决心），suggestion, surprise, wonder等。 It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work.你在工作后打扫房间是有必要的。It is important that we should ask advice of

6、 other people about our work.在工作中征求别人的意见很重要的。It is strange that he（should）have left without saying good-bye.他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的。5.在表示命令、建议、要求、主张、提议、坚持等的动词如：advise（建议），arrange（安排），command（命令），decide（决定），demand（要求），desire（期望），insist（坚持），intend(打算），order(命令），prefer（宁愿），promise（允诺），propose（提议），recommend(推荐），

7、request（要求），require（要求），suggest（建议），urge（催促），vote（提议），urge(力劝)等相关的宾语从句，主语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“should +动词原形”或直接用“动词原形”。（前者为英国用法） We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.我们建议会议推迟。I required that he (should) come to my office. 我要求他到我的办公室。He insisted that you (should）be seated there. 他坚持让你坐在那儿。 It

8、 is ordered that the cloth（should）be woven. 据指示，现在就应纺织布料。据指示，现在就应纺织布料。Our suggestion is that the meeting (should) be held at once. 我们的建议是会议应立刻举行。我们的建议是会议应立刻举行。 His order is that the cloth (should）be woven right now. 他的指示是立刻纺织布料。他的指示是立刻纺织布料。注意注意当suggest不表“建议”而表“暗示”、“认为”、“可能”等时，从句中的谓动不用虚拟语气。 Her expre

9、ssion suggested (that）she was angry. 她的表情暗示她生气了。 当insist表坚持对已发生事情的看法时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he hadnt stolen the money. 他强调说他没偷钱。6.It is（high/about) time that后面的后面的定语从句定语从句的的谓语动词要用过去时谓语动词要用过去时（偶尔用should加动词原形，但should一般不省略）。 It is time that we planted trees there. 是到我们在那儿种树的时候了。 It is high time t

10、hat we should plant trees there. 早该是我们在那儿种树的时候了。7.由由as if/as though（好像）引导的表语从句和状语从句引导的表语从句和状语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反谓语动词用中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与未来事实相过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与未来事实相反用反用would+动词原形。动词原形。 He remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday. He looked as if he had been

11、 ill.他看上去像是生过病。 He talked as if he had been to Paris. 他谈起来好像他去过巴黎。 She looks as though she had known all the secrets. 她看上去像是已经知道了全部秘密。注意 as if/as though从句表达真实的情况就要用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain. (真的就要下雨) 8.if only句型句型（要是该有多好啊）：与现在事实：与现在事实相反，从句中用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句相反，从句中用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与

12、将来情况相反从句动词用中用过去完成时；与将来情况相反从句动词用could/would+动词原形。动词原形。 If only I could see him now. 要是我现在能看到他该有多好啊。要是我现在能看到他该有多好啊。 If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好要是我知道答案就好了。了。 If only I hadnt lost it.要是我没弄丢它就好了。要是我没弄丢它就好了。注意注意 该句型也可用于表真实条件句，表该句型也可用于表真实条件句，表“如果如果”，不用虚拟语气。不用虚拟语气。 9.表示祝愿或诅咒的表示祝愿或诅咒的祈使句祈使句May you su

13、cceed! 祝你成功！ God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！ May you have a good time.祝你玩得愉快！ Be it so! 但愿如此！ So be it then! 那就这样吧！ Long live China! 中华人民共和国万岁！10.含蓄的虚拟条件句含蓄的虚拟条件句虚拟条件不一定总是用if等引出，还可以用介词短语、分词、副词、形容词、名词等均可。要认真体会虚拟语气的实质，从多个角度去理解含虚拟语气的句子。without /but for/ were it not for/had it not been for/except for/apart from等

14、+名词，意为“要不是.”；with/ under+名词。主句用虚拟语气。But for your mothers help we wouldnt have finished the work.要不是你妈妈帮忙，我们不可能完成这项工作。but that + 现在时动词/过去时动词，主句用虚拟式。 But that you help him, he would fail.若无你的帮助，他会失败的。 But that you helped him, he would have failed. 若无你的帮助，他早就失败了。连词or, but或otherwiseHe would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.Seize the chance, otherwise you would regret it.He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.不定式短语He would be stupid not to accept that offer.如果他不接受那项建议，那真是愚蠢。It would be a mistake not