专题9正反解读定语从句

1、专题9正反解读定语从句正面解读Nilil*，lA”4UBM归腼则umei-高雪链接、isnotgoodforthe1. 2017全国卷ILikeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,health.2. 2017全国卷出ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3. 20176月浙江卷-wasspreadoverthegarden,itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccid

2、entallysprouted（生长）throughit.4. 2016天津卷Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.5. 2016全国卷IButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.考点归纳N考点一关系代词引导的定语

3、从句规则1who,whom,whose引导的定语从句who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom;whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用ofwhich代替，指人时可用ofwhom代替。 Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。 Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemom

4、ent.我大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。规则2that,which引导的定语从句that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略；which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外,which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。 ChinaTodayattractsaworldwiderea

5、dership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。温馨提示下列情况只用that不用which:先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词；先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被theonly,thevery（正是，恰是）,thelas

6、t修饰;先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为reason）的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when,where,why。有时可用介词+which'结构替换。 Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗？ Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。温馨提示当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时

7、间、地点和原因的词，仍用which/that引导定语从句。当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point,situation,case,stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。考点三介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后，即介词+whose+名词”结构。CDTradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业

8、。 In1961theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.1961年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。 LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.fLastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels.上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。温

9、馨提示在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前后可以用ofwhich/whom。the+比较级或最高级前后用ofwhich/whom等。考点四as,which引导的定语从句as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为芷如，正像”，a引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中;which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。 Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分

10、之十七。 Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。温馨提示as常用在下列习惯用语中：as(it)oftenhappens,asIremember,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected,asisknowntous,asisshownsuch/sothat”表示如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而such/s

11、oas”表示像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。thesame-that”表示同一个人或物，而thesame-as”表示同种类的人或物。反面解读Ai面例证器免送Sr误区之一关系代词与关系副词的误用(1)【误】IstillrememberthedayswhenIspentwithfarmersinthecountryside.【正】Istillrememberthedays(that/which)Ispentwithfarmersinthecountryside.分析when改为that/which。先行词是thedays,从句动词spent缺少宾语，故用关系代

12、词that/which引导定语从句并作从句宾语。(2)【误】Thebighousewhichtheworkersusedtoliveisnowateachingbuilding.【正】Thebighousewhere/inwhichtheworkersusedtoliveisnowateachingbuilding.分析which前加in或改为where。先行词是thebighouse,从句结构完整，故用关系副词where引导定语从句并作从句状语，相当于inwhicho工人住过的大房子现在是一座教学楼。误区之二关系代词that与which的误用(1)【误】Allthebookswhichwer

13、eborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedontime.【正】Allthebooksthatwereborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedontime.分析which改为that当定语从句的先行词被all,some,any,no,few等修饰时，关系代词用that。句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。(2)【误】Helivesintheroom,thewindowofthatfacesthesouth.【正】Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.分析that改为whic

14、h。在介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中，指物时，关系代词用which不用that;指人时，关系代词用whom不用which。表示所有格关系时，一律用whose,thewindowofwhich相当于whosewindow。(3)【误】Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,thatisoftencalledastarter.【正】Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.分析that改为which。在非限制性定语从句中，用which而不用that。误区之三关系代词与替代词的重复误用【误】Iamwritingtomak

15、eacomplaintthatthemobilephonewhichIboughtitfromyourcompanyhasaproblem.【正】IamwritingtomakeacomplaintthatthemobilephonewhichIboughtfromyourcompanyhasaproblem.分析去掉it。先行词是themobilephone,which在从句中作宾语，故it多余。句意：我写信投诉我在你们公司买的手机有个问题。误区之四关系代词与普通代词的误用(1)【误】YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,theywilltellyoualotab

16、outChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.【正】YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,whowilltellyoualotaboutChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.【正】YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,andtheywilltellyoualotaboutChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.分析they改为who或they前加and。分析句式结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，从句缺少主语，故用who弓I导定语从句，指代moreChinesefriendsOwhowillte

17、llyou相当于andtheywilltellyou。(2)【误】Theyweredeeplymoved,mostofthemwerewithtearsintheireyes.【正】Theyweredeeplymoved,mostofwhomwerewithtearsintheireyes.【正】Theyweredeeplymoved,andmostofthemwerewithtearsintheireyes.【正】Theyweredeeplymoved,mostofthemwithtearsintheireyes.分析them改为whom或most前加and或去掉第二个were。分析句式可知

18、，此处是介词+关系代词”型的定语从句，先行词指人，故用whom引导定语从句。此句还可以改为并列句或独立主格形式。误区之五关系代词或副词的缺失错误【误】Therearemanypeoplethinkthatwealthisbetterthanhealth.【正】Therearemanypeoplewho/thatthinkthatwealthisbetterthanhealth.【正】Therearemanypeoplethinkingthatwealthisbetterthanhealth.分析think前加who/that或think改为thinking。此句是therebe句型,故判断“t

19、hinkthat用作'定语;先行词是people,从句缺少主语，故用who/that引导定语从句，相当于现在分词thinking。误区之六定语从句中主谓不一致的误用(1)【误】Anyonewhohavequestionstoask,pleasecometomyofficethisafternoon.【正】Anyonewhohasquestionstoask,pleasecometomyofficethisafternoon.分析have改为has。who指代先行词anyone,故谓语用单数修饰。句意：有问题要问的人，请今天下午到我办公室来。(2)【误】Thisisoneoftheroo

20、msthatwasdamagedinthefire.【正】Thisisoneoftheroomsthatweredamagedinthefire.分析was改为were。句意:这个房间是那次大火中被烧毁的房间之一。在oneof结构中，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数形式。但当先行词是"theonly/veryoneof+复数名词时，从句谓语则用单数形式。比较：Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatwasdamagedinthefire.这就是那次大火中唯一一个被烧毁的房间。实战演练-精练考点巩固提升-I.单句填空1. Thosewhocanachi

21、evehighgradesinclasstendtobeweakinhandlingsomepracticalproblems,_isoftenthecase.2. Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson,madehiseldersondiscouraged.3. IwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.4. Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry,hadalsovolunteeredto

22、help.5. Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.6. Onanautumnafternoon,weweresenttoafarmwelearnttoplantpotatoes.7. It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.8. Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.9. Tom'

23、;snewwatchhandsaremadeofgoldisquiteexpensive.10. Manyyoungpeople,mostofwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.11. Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrywithtears,noneofhasbeenproved.12. Theairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.1.

24、1 Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,hassurprisedusall.14 .Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.15 .Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatworkagoodimpressionisamust.n.单句改错1 .2017全国卷！!theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisonthe

25、rooftopoftheirhouse.2 .2016四川卷ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMum'sfavourite.3 .WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromhimwehavelearnedalot.4 .Betweenthelecturesisa20minutes'break,wherethestudentscangetrelaxed.5.Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.m.语法填空Peoplewhohavespenttimei

26、notherculturesoftentalkabout逆向的)cultureishocse(".Ifyouleaveyourcountryformorethanashorttouristtripandthengobackhome,youmayfeel1.1. hatis“reversecultureshock"?Well,imaginethefollowing:youhavejustadjustedtoanewcultureandhavecome2.(enjoy)lifeinit.Youhavemadenewfriendsandhavehad3._greatvariety

27、ofnewexperiences.Then,4.(sad)enough,it'stimetoleave,butyouarealsoveryexcitedabout5.(go)home.Arrivinghomeiswonderfulseeingallthefriendsandrelativesyouhaven'tseen,eatingallthespecialfoods,readingthenewspapers6.hearingmusicyouhaven'theardinsuchalongtime.Butthenafterafewweeks,perhaps,thingsm

28、aynotseemso“wonderful”.Youmaybecomecriticalofyourhomecountry7.youhavegrownup.Youmaynotlikecertainthingsorideas.8.youreyes,eitheryouoryourhomecountry9.(change).Thisistheprocessofreadjustment.It'sadifficultperiod,andmanypeopleexperienceitafterthe10.(excite)ofcominghomehaswornoff.Fortunately,itdoes

29、n'tusuallylastaslongasadjustmenttoanewculturedoes.专题9正反解读定语从句【高考链接】1 .which分析句子结构可知，“isnotgoodforthehealth非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的tohavetoomuchofboth,即摄入过多的两者“从句缺少主语，故用which引导定语从句，并作从句主语。2 .who分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系词，代指先行词Sarah,在从句中作主语故填who。3 .where此处先行词是thegarden,在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。4 .when先行词为nextwee

30、k,其引导词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。5 .when此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是时间名词，从句缺少状语，故填关系副词when。【实战演练】I单句填空1 .as句意：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题，这是常有的事情。asisoftenthecase意为这是常有的事情”为固定用法。2 .which句意:那个老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。3 .where句意:我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是vi

31、llage,且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导,相当于inwhich。4 .who句意:在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人，他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知，此处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是people,从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。5.whose句意:这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角来讲述地震的故事。主句结构完整，先行词为those引导词代替先行词在从句中修饰名词lives,作定语，因此用whose6 .where句意:在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词afarm,且在从句中作地点状语，故用whe

32、re引导。7 .where句意:让孩子们能看到不同白自己很有帮助。situation作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。8 .which句意:他写了很多少儿读物，几乎一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对主句进行补充说明。在介词of之后作宾语，代替指物的先行词children'sbooks,故用which。9 .whose句意:汤姆的新手表的指针是金制的，相当昂贵。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为watch,hands与watch之间为所属关系，应用whose引导该定语从句。10 .whom句意:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为m