专题02阅读理解专题之文章出处及文体类型题-2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破

1、专题2阅读理解专题之文章由处及文体类型题命题特A:«<【设问形式】判断文章出处及文体类型题常见设问形式:1 )Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom2 )Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3 )Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.4 )Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?5 )Whattypeofwritingisthistext?【考查方式】高考阅读理解文章出处的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章的内容的理解及对各种文章出处的特点和常识，对文章的体裁和

2、题材的准确把握能力。几乎所有话题都有可能涉及文章出处、文章类别的的阅读题目。答题思路:«<解答文章出处和文体类型题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断。考生需要在理解文章的基础上去了解各种出处的特点，以便结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断。首先注意常见的出处类型的特点：如新闻报道(newspaper)的首段通常为导语，包括人物、时间、地点或事件等；科普类杂志(sciencemagazine)或科普类说明文常会出现scientistshavefound;theresearch/studyshowsthat等表明实验结果的句子；杂志的文章更为丰富，话题更具体，语言比较轻松活泼；广

3、告(advertisement)的用词和格式特殊，很好辨认，广告可能会谈到某产品的特色、价格等，会透露出鼓励读者去了解和购买的信息。产品说明，器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会有服用时间、次数、用量等。研究报告(report),语言严肃认真，文章往往保护具体的数据或事实依据，实际情况等。课本教材(textbook),会使用教化性的语言，说理讲解味较为浓厚，对阅读对象的指向性很明确。传记(biography):历史性强，时间线索比较明显，往往包含重要事件。科幻小说(sciencefiction):内容多为对某些尚未出现或发现的科学发明等进行想象和预测。旅行指南(tra

4、velguide/guidebook):给旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介绍当地的一些好去处，如：餐馆、公园、旅游景点等网站(website)内容广泛，文章常出现click等网络用语。实战演练【例题】1.2013全国1B篇Theybabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert（警觉）。Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremove

5、sthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze（凝视）startstoloseitsfocus-untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns;shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24h

6、oursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects（acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon）,changingthenumber

7、ofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbe

8、camemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.63 .Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Children'sliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport.解析：文章主要讲通过研究人员的实验，来证明婴儿具备感知数量的能力。根据题材内容判读符合研究

9、报告的特点，所以选D【举一反三】ATherewasalotofnewsrelatedtoartificialintelligence,orAI,andmachinelearning.Amongthestoriesweretwodealingwithdirectcompetitionsbetweenhumansandmachines.Inonecompetition,machinesthatusedAIperformedbetterthanhumanbeingsinahigh-levelreadingtest.Twonaturallanguageprocessingtoolsbeathumani

10、ntheexperiment.OneofthetoolswasbuiltbytheAmericantechnologycompanyMicrosoft.TheotherwascreatedbyChineseonlinesellerAlibabaGroup.Inanothercompetition,acomputertookonhumansinlive,publicdebates.TheeventdemonstratedhowAI-poweredcomputersareincreasinglybeingdevelopedtothinkandsoundlikehumans.Theorganizer

11、ofthedebates,U.S.technologycompanyIBM,announcedsplitresults.Itsaidamajorityofthosewatchingsaidtheyfeltthemachinehaddonemoretoimprovetheirknowledgeofthesubject.But,thehumangotmorepraiseforcommunicatingtheirideas.Thisyear,wealsoexploredthemanywaysAIandmachinelearningarenowbeingused.Forexample,someU.S.

12、judgesusemachinelearningsystemstohelpthemdecidewhen,andforhowlong,criminalsshouldbejailed.Thesystemusescomputerstoexaminedatafromthousandsofcourtcases.Onefast-growingareaofAIisfacialrecognition,whichisincreasinglybeingusedforsecuritypurposes.Recently,Atlanta'sHartsfield-Jacksonairportbecamethefi

13、rstintheU.s.topermitpassengerstousefacialrecognitiontechnologytogetonflights.AChinesecompanyshowedoffanAIsystemitdevelopedtorecognizeindividualsbybodyshapeandwalkingmovements.ThesystemisalreadybeingusedbyChinesepoliceinBeijingandShanghai.Inaddition,machinelearningwasusedduring2018topredictresultsoft

14、heWorldCupsoccercompetition.Thetechnologyalsocreatedartworkthatsoldforalargeamountofmoney.Anditisbeingusedtohelpfarmersavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.Othertechnologysystemsarebeingusedtofollowfarmanimalsandwildlifetocollectinformationontheiractivities.1. Whywerethetwocompe

15、titionsmentionedinthepassage?A. ToshowhowmuchbetterAIandmachinelearningarethanhumans.B. ToproveAIandmachineLearninggotmorepraiseforcommunication.C. ToshowhowpowerfulAIandmachineLearningare.D. ToproveAIandmachinelearninghavebeenusedintheworkofU.S.judges.2. Whatarefacialandbodyrecognitionsystemsusedfo

16、rinthepassage?A.Knowledgelearning.B.Safetycontrol.C.Officeautomation.D.Trackingsurvey.3. Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A. AIhasbeenwidelyusedineveryperson'sdailylife.B. HumancanbereplacedbyAIinfuturecompletely.C. MoreattentionisbeingpaidtoAIineverypartoftheworld.D. MoreadvancedAlishelpingpeoplei

17、nmoreandmoreareas.4. Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?1 .Atechnologyreport.B.Anaturalsciencemagazine.C.sciencefiction.D.Agovernmentdocument.A：【解析】这是一篇说明文。人工智能和机器学习快速发展，机器在一些比赛中超过了人类。除此以外，机器和人工智能被应用于很多领域。2 .推理判断题。根据第二第三段可知在第一场比赛中，使用人工智能的机器表现得比人类更好；在第二个比赛中，机器人在公开辩论中挑战人类，结果大多数观看者认为机器在提高他们对这门学科的知识方面做得更好。这两个比赛

18、都体现了人工智能和机器学习的强大，选Co3 .细节理解题。根据Onefast-growingareaofAIisfacialrecognition,whichisincreasinglybeingusedforsecuritypurposes.”可知人工智能的一个快速发展的领域是面部识别，它越来越多地被用于安全目的。故选Bo4 .推理判断题。根据someU.S.judgesusemachinelearningsystemstohelpthemdecidewhen,“可知些美国法官使用机器学习系统来帮助他们决定罪犯应该被监禁的时间和期限，再根据最后两段可知机器学习和人工智能还被应用于安全监控和预

19、测世界杯足球赛的结果，保护环境等。根据这些可以推断机器在越来越多的领域帮助着人类，故选D。5 .推理判断题。本文文章主要是关于人工智能和机器学习的，最有可能是来自于科技报告(Atechnologyreport.),故选A。BManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThcolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbiaarelittlepowedhiousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecom

20、monberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhich

21、areantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat"icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinand

22、placetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“so-tser

23、ve"creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sfeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.5. Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.6. Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.7. Whatis“ajuicer"inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink