动名词的用法及测验题

1、动名词的用法1.doing,定语。动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ing构成，否定形式为not具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Smokingmaycausecancer.吸烟可能导致癌症。ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。Swimmingdevelopsthemuscles.游泳可以发展肌肉。动名词

2、作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用ItisftThereis两种句式来表示。例如：Ittakesmetenminutestogethomefrommyoffice.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。Itneedstimetomakethreecopiesofit.把它复制三份需要时间。Itsnicetalkingwithyou.和你谈话很高兴。Itsnousearguingwithhim.跟他争论没用。Itisnousesendinghimover.Itstoolatealready.派他去没用，已经太晚了。Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyi

3、ntime.要把一切按时准备好很困难。Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.等他是没有用的。Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.学而不实践是没好处的。Itisdangeroususingthismethodtomeasurethespeedoflight.用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnojokingabouts

4、uchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnoharmindoingso.这样做没有害处。Thereisnolitteringabout.不许乱扔杂物。2）作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示用于的”或表示处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：swimmingpool游泳池walkingstick手杖openingspeech开幕词waitingroom候车室readingmaterial阅读材料floatingneedle浮针listeningaid助听器runningwater自来水developingcountries发展中国家workingpeo

5、ple劳动人民sleepingchild熟睡孩子3）作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是某件事”等。例如：Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.（动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Readingisforsurelearning,butapplyingisalsolearningtoagreaterexten动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.（动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。动

6、名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是某件事”与不定式短语的意义相近），而现在分词表语表示具有某个作用”。例如：Thesituationisverymuchencouraging.（现在分词）形势非常令人鼓舞。Hispresentjobisnotthatstimulatingasheexpected.（现在分词）他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。Theirplanistobuildanotherdormitoryfortheirstaffthisyear.（不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。Hiswishistobecomeapilot.（不定式）他的愿望

7、是当飞行员。4）作宾语。如：Heisfondofplayingfootball.Ilikeswimming.admit,appreciateavoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escapeexcuse,facefeellikefinishforgivegiveupimagineincludekeepmentionmind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggestcanthelp情不自禁）,cantstand法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget,goon,mean,regret,remem

8、ber,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。LetsgoonstudyingLesson6（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）LetsgoontostudyLesson6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）Irememberdoingtheexercise.（我记得做过练习。）Imustremembertodoit.（我必须记着做这事。）Itriednottogothere.（我设法不去那里。）Itrieddoingitagain.（我试着又干了一次。）Stopspeaking.（不要讲话。）Hestoppedtotalk.（他停下来讲话

9、。）Imeantocomeearlytoday.（我打算今天早些来。）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Wedontallowsmokinghere.Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。bewor

10、th后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.Hermethodisworthtrying.在短语devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,tobeusedtoobjectto,thankyoufor，excusemeforbe（kept）busyhavedifficulty/trouble/problem（in），haveagood/wonderful/hardtime（in）,theresnouse/good/needel/seemlike/getdownto等后的动词

11、也必须用动名词形式，例如：Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：Itstartedtosnow.Heisbeginningtocookdinner.Ibegantoun

12、derstandwhathemeant.在should（would）like/love等后须用不定式。5）动名词作状语动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Havingcleanedtheroomswebegantoweedthegarden问）打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。Comingintotheroom,shesaweverybodyalreadyattheirwork.町间）进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。Beingill,hecouldntgotoschool.（原因）因

13、为生病，他不能去上学。Havingnointerestinthetopic,hedidntgotothelecture.原因）由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。Workingdiligently,youwillcertainlysucceed.（条件）只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。Usingatomicenergy,wecanbuildspaceships.条件）利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,thereisstillsomethingtobedesired让（步）（尽管）成绩是巨大的，（但）仍有一些要求改进的东西。Mycar

14、wascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.给果）我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。Travelingbytrain,wevisitedanumberofcities.式）我们坐火车访问了好多城市。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.伴随）玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。6）动名词作定语动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：asmilingface笑脸aleadingfigure领导人物动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如：easy-goingman好说话的人swimmin

15、gpool游泳池sleeping-pill安眠药片dining-car餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforShanghai.=Shewentonboardthetrain,whichwasleavingforShanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火车。Therearetworoadsbeforeus,oneleadingtothebeach,theothertothepark.=Therearetworoadsbeforeus,onewhichleadstothebeach,theothertothepark.在我们面前有

16、两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2,练习题I、单项选择：1 .Nooneenjoysat.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed2 .Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin3 .Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven4 .-Whereismypassport?Irememberi

17、there.-Youshouldnthaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.A.toput;totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput;taking5.Hisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.A.painting；paintedB.painted;paintingC.paintingpaintingD.paintedpainted6 .Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewentonalettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wrote

18、D.towrite7 .Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof8.OnlyEnglishdoesntmeanthelanguage.A.tolearntolearnB.learninglearningC.learningaboutlearnD.learningaboutlearning9.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.A.missedB.tob

19、emissingC.missingD.tobemissed10.Shedecidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study11 .Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback12 .Assheislookingforwardtofromme,pleaserememberthisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hearpostB.hearingt

20、opostC.beheardpostingD.behearingtoposting13 .Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftroubleyourhandwriting.A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeing14 .WritingstoriesandarticleswhatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15 .Weappreciateustotheball.A.themtoinviteB.toinviteC.theirinvitingD.beinginvited16 .Wouldyoumindquietforam

21、oment?Imtryingaform.A.keeping；fillingoutB.tokeep；tofilloutC.keeping；tofilloutD.tokeep；fillingout17.Hewasafraidforbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen18.1 dliketosuggestthemeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoffB.puttingoffC.putoffD.tobeputoff19.1 dontseehowIcouldpossiblymanagetheworkwithou

22、t.A.finish；helpingB.tofinish；beinghelpedC.finishing；helpingD.finishing；beinghelped20. Anythingworthisworthyofwell.A.doingbeingdoneB.doingdoingC.tobedonetobedoneD.tobedonebeingdone21. Weadvisedthemtotakeare159st,buttheyinsistedthework.A.finishB.tofinishC.infinishingD.onfinishing22. Idelayedyourletter

23、becauseIhadbeenawayforaweek.A.answe1ab1rB.answeringC.writingD.topost23. Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescapebythepolice.A.tobecaughtB.becaughtC.beingcaughtD.catching24. Isearchedformywalletanditwasntthere.Atfirst,IthoughtIitathome.ThenIremembereditouttopayforthetaxi.A.musthavelefttotakeB.mayleavetak

24、ingC.mightleavetotakeD.couldhavelefttaking25 .thenewsofhisfathersdeath,heburstintotears.A.AfterhearingB.OnhearingC.WhilehearingD.Havingheard26 .hismother,thebabycouldnothelp.A.ToseetolaughB.SeeingtolaughC.SeeinglaughingD.Toseelaughing27.1 tsnousesomuchmoneyonclothes.A.spendB.spentC.spendingD.beingsp

25、ent28.Thesentenceneeds.A.improveB.aimprovementC.improvingD.improved29.Ifhesucceededajob,hischildrenwouldntbesufferingfromhungernow.A.tofindB.tolookforC.infindingD.inlookingfor30.1 stillremembertomyhometownwhenIwasyoung.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.totakeH、填入动名词的适当形式：1. Canyouimagineyourselfinalonelyisland?(stay)2. Icantunderstandyouratthatpoorchild.(laugh)3. Shedidntmindov