旅游规划文本01.海南博鳌总体规划rtkl boao3

1、Development Areas & Road Linkages Option 1方案一 开发区域与道路连接74http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图3.4.2 Master Plan Roading Infrastructure Option 2规划道路基础设施方案二SAMPLE OF ROAD DESIGN道路设计实例The Option 2 road alignment represents only a slight amendment to the road alignment from Option 1. The only change in the roading patt

2、ern is a secondary access road shown through the town centre. Modications to the road alignment have been made to more closely reect the currentroad construction on the site and in the area of the town centre.Option 2 does require a change in the urban pattern of the town centre and should therefore

3、 be considered based on how these changes wouldimpact upon urban pattern and form.Option 2 represents a short-term strategy for the site方案二对方案一的路网布局做了细微调整，增加了一条穿越城心的二级干道。调整后的道路格局更加符合城设情况。心区和基地现在的道路建方案二对城中心的方案二所反映的是基地近期的发展规划策略。Proposed Roading Infrastructure Option 2方案二 规划道路总平面75http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图Deve

4、lopment Areas & Road Linkages Option 2方案二 开发区域与道路连接76http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图3.4.3 Proposed Water Taxi Route规划水上交通路线Considering the abundance of coastline and inland water access available within and surrounding the site the opportunity exists to create an integrated system of water taxi routes providi

5、ng quickand efcient links throughout the site.A regular and reliable water taxi service will not only enhance the visitor experience it will also reduce the need for automobiles onthe site.Additionally, water taxis (along with buses and mini vans) pro- viding access to major hotels and tourist desti

6、nations could be branded with special Boao branding to allow for easy recognitionand visual appeal of the service.基地内部和周边区域拥有丰富的海岸线和内水区，有机会开通综合一体、高效发达、遍布全区的水上轮渡交通线路。定期可靠的水上航班服务不仅增加了游客的体验，而且减少了陆地上的车流量。更有甚者，水上航线（与巴士和小型车一起）提供了到达各大酒店和主要旅游景点的便捷交通，可以作为博鳌特殊的品牌标志，既易于获得人们的认可，也提高了服务水准，增加了人们视觉上的享受。77http典尚设计：三

7、维动画、效果图78http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图79http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图3.4.4 Branded Bus Loop Links精品巴士专线A series of Boao branded bus routes will be developed to further ease access across the site and to minimize the need for automobiles. Three bus loops have been considered as apart of this long-term strategy.开通一系列以博鳌冠名的巴士

8、专线，进一步增加交通便捷性，减少对为长期发展战略的一部分，规划了三条巴士专线。车量的依赖。作1机场专线在海口、三亚机场，未来还可能在博鳌附近的新机场设立往返于博鳌的定期、高速巴士专1. AIRPORT LINKA regular and efcient bus link to and from Haikou, Sanya and potentially from a future airport near the Boao site would greatly add to the visitors experience. Bus shuttle service would could pro

9、vide direct links to major resorts and hotels and add to establishing Boao as a true tropical tourism experience destination.线，将极大地增加游客的体验。穿梭巴士应当到达基地的各主要度假博鳌作为“热带旅游体验胜地”的形象。酒店，提高机场专线将为乘客提供五星级服务，使得乘客在度假休闲的乐趣。巴士专线将配备专业导博鳌的服务活动项目及酒店预订等各种享受， 行The airport link service would offer a ve star service for pa

10、ssengers allowing them to begin their holiday on route to their hotel and to relax and enjoy their surroundings. The link service would include a tour guide pointing out key destinations and features along the route and riders would be offered oral necklaces upon arrival at the airport, tropical ref

11、reshments along route to their hotel as well as information regarding tour packages andbookings.2博鳌城在城带滩和大学城之间建立迅速及各主要景点。2. BOAO TOWN CENTRE LOOPA regular Boao Town Centre based loop service would provide more immediate connec- tions between the town centre, theme parks and water parks, the Boao3滨海滨

12、海村环线总站将设在博鳌城心，通往滨海村、南部门户村镇、水库度假区和长滩住宅区等更远的站点。Forum site, Jade Belt Beach and the University. This service would operate regularly every10 minutes and connect visitors to main attractions.本线路也将进行主题冠名，约每三十分钟一班，为更广范的住宅区和周围旅游景点提供高效的定时、定点服务。3. MARINE VILLAGE + GREATER BOAO SITE LOOPThe Marine Village Loo

13、p would also be based at the Boao Town Centre but would create access to further destinations including the Marine Village, South Gate Village, Reservoir Resort Site and Long Beach residential area.This service would also be branded and provide efcient and regular service to the greater site area op

14、erating every 30 minutes and would service more residential communities andoutlying tourist destinations.80http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DESIGN环境工程设计3.5.1 Flora And Fauna Existing Environment动植物现状ECOLOGICAL FEATURESBoao Aquapolis is centred on the estuary of three rives: Wan Quan, J

15、ui Qui and Long Gun.These three rivers ow into Sha Mei lake, which opens to the Eastthe Jade Belt Beach. Between the three rivers are three distinct ridges and these combine with the estuary to create the ecological character of the area.特征博鳌水植被过去，海南的自然植被被定义为热带常绿雨林季雨林g) 列区，同样被的详细数据较类，VEGETATIONThe n

16、atural vegetation of Hainan has been mapped previously as tropical evergreen rainforest (Whitmore 1984). The Hainan Island Monsoon Rainforest Ecoregion is found towards the centre of the island at elevations greater than 500 metres, and is listed as为重要 / 濒危地区。滨海区域，包括博鳌，属于华南 / 越南亚热带林WWF (IM0149:g) 列为

17、重要 / 濒危地区。关难获取，但基本上属于热带植物，海南岛上的植物分布同50% 相同同科）和越南（84% 同类，69% 同科）十分Critical/Endangered by the WWF (IM0169:cluding Boao, fall within the Southg). The coastal regions, in-which is also listed as Critical/Endangered by the WWF (IM0149:g).种类最多。Details of the vegetation of the Boao region is not readily av

18、ailable, but it is likely that it was originally tropical in nature and the Hainan Island ora in general shows high afnities withthe ora of western Malaysia (over 70 percent afnity at the familial level and 50 percent attteric level) and the ora of Vietnam (84 percent at the familial level and 69 pe

19、rcent ateric level) (Zhu and Roos 2004). Table 1 shows the twenty most abundant familieswithin the Hainan ora (Zhu and Roos 2004), showing grasses, peas and orchids as themost abundant groups.Table 1: The twenty familles most species rich among the ora of Hainan 表一 海南NUMBER OFNUMBER OFFAMILY 科名 GENE

20、RA 已知属数SPECIES已知种数Poaceae乔木科Leguminosae豆科Orchidaceae兰科Rubiaceae茜草科Euphorbiaceae大戟科Cyperaceae莎草科Asteraceae菊科Lauraceae樟科Asclepiadaceae萝藦科LamiaceaMoraceae桑科Fagaceae壳斗科Verbenaceae马鞭草科Acanthaceae爵床科Urticaceae荨麻科Annonaceae番荔枝科Theaceae山茶科Myrtaceae桃金娘科Myrsinaceae紫金牛科Grasses Peas Orchids Madder Spurge Sedges

21、 Daisies Laurels Milkweed Mint Mulberry Beech Verbeena Acanthus Nettles Custard Apples Camelias Myrtles Myrisnes109686954523571523271241326118108626821218315514313311510705958585554535505049INTRODUCED COCOS PALMS WITHINTHE STUDY AREA在试验区引进的椰树INTRODUCED PAMPAS GRASS AND PALMS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA试验区

22、内引进的芒草 Apocynaceae夹竹桃科Periwincles2646 Notes: Data from Zhu and Roos 2004.数据来源：Zhu and Roos 2004INTRODUCED CASUARINAS FORMING ASHELTERBELT引进木麻黄形成防风带INTRODUCED EUCALYPTS FOUND INTHE BOAO REGION博鳌地区的引进桉树品种81http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图The ora and vegetation of the region has been severely degraded by past land us

23、e and now consists largely of introduced species (Figure 1 and Figure 2). It has been estimated that the area of natural tropical forest on Hainan has decreased from 16,920 square kilo- metres in 1943 to 3,000 square kilometres in 1994, mainly as a result of excessive timber extraction, the replacem

24、ent of forest by rubber plantations, slash-and-burn agriculture and the unrestricted cutting of wood for fuel and other uses (BirdLife International 2003). Twointroduced species of note include eucalypts and casuarinas.由于今年来的用地开发，区域内植被遭到严重破坏，目前拥有大量引入品种（见表1、表2）。估计海南天然热带森林的面积已经由1943年的16920平方公里锐减为1994年

25、的3000平方公里。产生这一现象的主要原因是木材的过度采伐，种植橡胶树引起的毁林现象和火耕的农业形式（引自BirdLife International 2003)引入的品种包括桉树和木麻黄。海南曾引进木麻黄在海滨形成防风带（见图3），同时也成为当地重要的木材 的成功引进实现了以上功能，但它不能够促进土壤中的营养物循环，也不能促的再生。（引自Wang 2004）有些土生树种也能够替代木麻黄，能够为当地提供环境。例如，在海南万宁海岸的青皮林（引自Hu 1992）。木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia was introduced to Hainan to form a shelte

26、rbelt along the coast (Figure 3) and played a major role in the local economy as a source of wood. While Casua- rinas were successful in these roles, they does not promote nutrient cycling in the soil and prevent native species from regenerating (Wang 2004). It is likely that some native species cou

27、ld be used to replace Casuarina species, providing greater ecological integrity to the region. For example, the native Vatica hainnanensis forms a forest belt along the coastlinein the Wanning County of Hainan (Hu 1992).在巴西橡树引进失败后，海南曾引进桉树（见图4）作为培养料土壤环境，可以提供丰富的木材在区域内普遍种植。（引自Wang 2004）适应低已经植物如上所述，博鳌地区

28、的植被进行过高度改良，大量植物为引进品种。表2所示为海南地区海拔100米以上分布的土生品种，能可能曾经在博鳌地区也有分布，但目前已绝迹。（ Flora ofEucalypts (Figure 4) were introduced to Hainan as a cultivated species following failure of Brazilian Rubber plantations in some areas. Eucalypts tend to grow rapidly and are well adapted to low nutrient soils, producing h

29、igh timber yields if harvested at a mature age. Eucalypts readily spread from the earlier cultivated areas and have also regularly beenplanted in the area (Wang 2004).进行该地区开发之前，应详细了解当地物种和自然环境。动物虽然博鳌曾拥有丰富的物种类同植物一样，也遭到了极大破坏。海南大量物种已经濒临FLORAAs described above, the vegetation of the Boao region has been

30、highly modied by past land practices and it appears that a large proportion of the species present are introduced. Table 2 provides a list of native species that are found on Hainan Island at elevations below 100 metres and that are likely to have once been present at Boao, if not still present (Flo

31、ra危物种。然而，大部分这类生物质能在海岛海拔较高（500米以上）的自然环境中生存。基地物种包括引进和土生品种，以及普通海鸟。我们还能够为海鸟等生物进一步改善环境。).在基地开发进行之前，建议详细了解物种，以确定动物栖息地和土生物种。Prior to undertaking development of the area, a species inventory and habitat map shouldbe prepared.FAUNAAs with the ora of the Boao region, the native fauna is likely to be

32、 severely degraded, al- though the area would have once supported a high diversity of species, many of which are endemic to Hainan. A large number of species found on Hainan are now considered to bethreatened, with some listed on theRed List as endangered. However, the majority ofthese are likely to

33、 be present only in the more natural vegetated areas towards the centre of the island at higher elevations (greater than 500 metres). Species observed at the site included introduced and domesticated species as well as common waterbirds. There is theopportunity, however, to increase the habitat valu

34、e of the area particularly for waterbirds.Prior to development of the site it ismended that a species inventory be undertakento identify fauna habitats within the site as well as native species.82http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图3.5.2 Estuary And Riverine Environments河口及河流环境The estuary of the three rivers and the S

35、ha Mei Lake form the centre of the Boao region. This estuary is a form of barrier estuary, which exists as a tidal lake (New South Wales Government 1992). This type of estuary is generally characterised by relatively small upper catchments. The depth of tidal lake depend largely on the size and shap

36、e of the estuary and the degree of sedimentation coming from the catchment, but can range from less than one metre in some lakes to others with depths of over six metres (New South Wales Gov- ernment 1992). In mature barrier estuaries, the lake can ll with sediment and the riversdischarge directly t

37、o the ocean. The evolution of barrier estuaries is shown in Figure 5.三条河流的河口及沙美湖形成了博鳌地区的中心。该河口为坝形河口，形成了潮汐型湖泊（引自New South Wales Government 1992)。这类河口上游面积较小。湖泊深度根据河口的大小和形状，以及沉积物多少而确定，深度从1米到6米以上不等（引自New South Wales Government 1992)。成型的坝形河口所形成的湖泊内充满沉积物，通过河流直接排放入大海。坝形河口的形成见图5。根据基地勘测，河口狭窄，被沉积物淤积，周围植被遭严重破坏

38、。没有任何海草，红树和盐沼（见图6）。河流环境也类似（见图7）。因此，河口及流域内动物种类贫乏。From the site visit it appears that the estuary is shallow and silted and that surrounding veg- etation has been degraded. There did not appear to be any extensive areas of seagrasses, mangroves or saltmarsh (Figure 6). A similar pattern was seen in th

39、e riverine environments(Figure 7). As a result it is likely that the fauna diversity of the estuary and rivers are low.Table 2: Species of plant found on Hainan Island at elevations below 100 metres表2：海南地区海拔100米以上分布的土生品种SPECIES种类SPECIES种类Adenosma indianum球花毛麝香Adenosma javanicum绿花竹柏兰Araucaria cunning

40、hamii肯氏南洋杉Ardisia obtusa subsp. obtusa厚叶铜盆花Argyreia osyrensis聚花白鹤藤Argyreia osyrensis var. osyrensis Bacopa oribunda多花假马齿苋麦花草Castanopsis carlesii var. carlesii锯叶长尾栲Castanopsis wenchangensis Casuarina cunninghamiana细枝木麻黄Casuarina glauca粗枝木麻黄Centranthera tranquebarica Centrolepis banksiiCerasus vulgari

41、s鹅莓Cymaria dichotomaCynanchum insulanum杯冠藤Cynanchum insulanum var. insulanum海南杯冠藤(原变种) Ehretia resinosa厚壳树Elettariopsis monophylla单叶拟豆蔻Engelhardia hainanensis海南黄杞Engelhardia spicata云南黄杞Fragaria X ananassa黑莓Glyptostrobus pensilis水松Ipomoea imperati白花马鞍藤Ipomoea littoralisIpomoea pes-caprae海滩牵牛Ipomoea p

42、olymorpha Ipomoea violaceaLimnophila aromatica白花紫苏草Limnophila repensLindernia megaphylla Lindernia oblongaLithocarpus corneus var. hainanensis Lithocarpus fenzelianus琼崖柯Lithocarpus litseifolius var. litseifolius Lithocarpus naiadarum水仙石栎Macrosolen tricolorOreocharis dasyanthaOreocharis dasyantha var

43、. dasyantha Oreocharis dasyantha var. ferruginosa Peperomia pellucida草胡椒Pinus massoniana var. hainanensis雅加松,Piper sarmentosum假蒟Piper senporeiensePlatanus orientalis三球悬铃木/歐洲梧桐Polygonum glabrum红辣蓼Prunus domestica欧洲李Prunus insititiaPrunus spinosa黑刺李Pterocarya stenoptera枫杨Radermachera frondosa美叶菜豆Rosa

44、chinensis天使蔷薇Rosa chinensis var. chinensis月季花(原变种) Salix babylonica杨柳Salix babylonica var. babylonica垂柳Sarcandra glabra草珊瑚Sarcandra glabra subsp. glabra Stauranthera umbrosa十字苣Stictocardia tiliifolia大萼旋花Striga angustifoliaTorenia benthamiana Xantolis longispinosa琼刺榄, Ximenia americana海檀木Note: Data f

45、rom the Flora of信息来源：Flora ofESTUARINE HABITAT AT BOAORIVERINE HABITAT AT BOAO博鳌海湾环境博鳌河流环境EVOLUTION OF A BARRIER ESTUARY(After roy 1982 in new south wales government 1992)坝形河口的演变(根据 after Roy 1982 in New South Wales Government 1992)83http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图3.5.3 Habitat Protection Areas保护区HABITAT PROTECTI

46、ON ZONES COVER THREE DISTINCT AREAS.1. Estuarine protection zones: These include all the aquatic habitat of the estuary including the three rivers up to their tidal limit as well as a buffer of 100 metres. It is likely that the tidal limit will be relatively high up the river systems.2. Ridge protec

47、tion zones. This includes the three ridges running in an east-west direc- tion.3. Coastal protection zones: This includes the Jade Belt Beach and a strip running downthe coast.保护区包括三个区域：1.河口保护区：河口地区所有水生环境，包括三条河流至其感潮界限，以及100米的缓冲带。感潮界限可能高于河流区域。2.山地保护区：包括东西向的三条山脉。3.海滨保护区：包括玉带滩和沿海岸地带。以上三块保护区彼此相连，形成了完整的系

48、统。通过开发前进行物种和环境研究，对保护区进行进一步完善。同时引起人们对现有土生植物和环境的重视。以上保护区的建立不仅则如下：阻碍其发展，相反可以避免进一步的对环境产生破坏。主要管理原The three habitat protection zones are all connected providing an integrated system. The habitat protection zones should be rened using information collected on species and habi- tats in the area prior to com

49、mencement of development. This will allow better renement of the protected areas and will better identify sites requiring special attention such as areas of remnant native vegetation or habitats. The creation of the habitat protection zones does not preclude development of these areas, but simply re

50、quires more detailed attention to avoidfurther degradation. General management principles are presented below.COAST海岸ESTUARINE河口RIDGES山地84http典尚设计：三维动画、效果图MANAGEMENT OF HABITAT PROTECTION AREASThe environmental impacts on ora and fauna are uncertain. It is likely that the creation of additional habi

51、tat by extensive planting will result in a net positive impact on ora and fauna. However, given the lack of information available on the ecology of the region it is保护区管理环境生存繁衍动植物的息匮乏导致这一措施无法实施。impossible to have a high degree of certainty on the achievement of thise.境不可能恢复到原始状态。（见图地开发更趋自然。The object

52、ives of management of habitat protection areas should be to rehabilitate or re- mediate some of the areas. It is however unlikely that true habitat restoration will be achiev- able given the high degree of current disturbance (Figure 8). The entire Boao area may be considered a degraded ecosystem an

53、d considerable planning and effort will be required tobring the site to a more natural endpoint.详规形成后，应为各区制定相应的综合根据最佳方法和开发商及规划者的生物多样原件A)，我们制定了以下规范。详细的河口及河流区域C。、Once the detailed masterplan has been developed a comprehensive management plan should be produced for each management zone detailing object

54、ives, strategies, time-frames and costs.山地保护区山地保护区位于博鳌区域内的东西向延伸的三条山脉。山区被植被覆盖，但大多为引进品The following guidelines are based on a best-practice approach and on the Guidebook of Biodiversity Principles for Developers and Planners (MacKinnon et al. 2002) (Appendix A). Specic management/rehabilitation guidel

55、ines for estuarine and riverine habitats arepresented in Appendix B and C.种，包括中耕作物。这一区域的管理目标在于恢复土生植被。恢复计划，包括具体品种。所列出的品种作为开发计划的出发点。以 避免进行大规模开发。 开发应有控制的进行，不在山脊进行开发，避免破坏天际线 保留所有土生植物。 进行开发时，应尽可能保留所有（无论是否土生）以成 有步骤地将非土生植物替换为土生植物，避免形成 该区域所有景观设计应使用土生品种，避免形成单一文化。 道路等基础设施应避免设置在该区域，如必须设置，应符合自然地形。全面的植被则。RIDGE P

56、ROTECTION ZONESThe ridge protection zone occurs on the three east-west ridges within the Boao region. These three ridges are vegetated but appear to be dominated by introduced species, in- cluding cultivated crops. The aim of the management of this zone should be to re-establish native vegetation. A

57、 full revegetation plan should be developed for the area detailing spe- cies to be used. Species listed in this report may be used as a starting point for develop- ment of this plan. The following general development principles should be followed. Large-scale development should be avoided in this region. D