《环境工程专业英语》各单元专业词汇表

1、环境工程专业英语专业词汇学习汇编UNIT 1 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）arsenic硼化物1 2carbon dioxide/二氧化碳3 4chlorofluorocarbon/ 氟氯煌5 6Clean Air Act/清洁空气条例7 8ecological risk/生态风险9 10emission排放（物）11 12energy-efficiency standard/能效标准13 14environmental engineering/环境工程15 16exhaust emission control尾气控制17 18greenhouse gas, GHG/温室气体1

2、9 20habitat/栖息地、居留处21 22impact/影响23 24mercury/汞25 26MTBE/甲基叔丁基醒27 28pathogen/致病菌（体）29 30pharmaceutical/医约的,制药的31 32power plant/ (发)电厂33 34stratosphere/平流层、同温层35 36sustainability/可持续性37 38brownfield/棕地（注：请注意此概念的含义）chlorine/氯（气）contamination/ 污染drinking water/ 饮用水ecosystem生态系统endocrine disruption comp

3、ound/ 内分泌干扰素environment/ 环境environmental threat/ 环境危害geochemistry/地球化学ground water/ 地下水landfill leachate/垃圾填埋场渗滤液life-cycle assessmen性命周期评价monitoring/ 监测ozone/臭氧PolyChlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)/ 聚氯联苯pollutant/污染物recalcitrant/ 难降解的surface water/地表水tetraethyl lead/ 四乙基铅-21 -UNIT 2 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）e

4、nvironmental engineer/环境工程12renewable/MMM 的wastewater/废水、污水34organic matter/ 有机物water/水(体)56adsorption/吸附chronic exposure胀期（慢性）暴露78ecology生念学9 10micropollutant/ 微污染物membrane technology/膜技术11 12nano-particle/pollution/污染13 14air quality/空气质里volatility/挥发（性、度）15 16chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) / 氟氯氢hydrofl

5、uorocarbon/ 氢氟烧17 18nanotechnology/ozone/M 氧19 20runoff/ （雨水）径流stratosphere/平流层、同温层21 22pesticide/农药、杀虫剂atmosphere/大气23 24evapotranspiration/ 蒸腾refractory/难处理的25 26biological/生物的global warming/ 全球变暖27 28membrane/膜、隔膜biodegradability/生物可降解性29 30industrial wastewater/ 工业废水biotic/生物的、生命的31 32municipal

6、wastewater/城 市污水abiotic/无生命的、非生物的33 34advanced treatment/高级处理degradation/降解、恶化35 36synthesis自成、综合redox/氧化还原电位37 38microorganism/微生物reuse/0 用39 40recyctefo、回收infrastructure/ 基础设施41 42criterion, criteria/ 标准、指标UNIT 3 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）greenhouse effect温室效应12Kyoto Protocol/京都协议atmosphere/大气34sulphu

7、r/硫（磺）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳56precipitation/沉淀、沉降、降雨fossil fuel矿物染料78air pollution/ 空气污染nitrous oxide/一M化一氮（笑气）9 10GHG emission/温室气体排放halocarbon/卤煌11 12volatile organic/挥发性有机物ozone/M 氧13 14carbon monoxide/-M化碳( CO )greenhouse gas(GHG)/温室气体15 16precursor/前体物、母体物thermal radiation/ 热辐射17 18troposphere/对流层

8、infrared radiation/ 红外辐射19 20volatile/挥发的、挥发性的automobile exhaust fume/汽车尾气21 22aerosol汽溶胶acid rain/ 酸雨23 24methane/甲烷（气）UNIT 4 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）ecological restoration心态修复12ecological integrity/生物完整性renewal/更新34endangered specie刷危物种pilot/ （中试规模）试验的56biological resource性物资源hydrology/水文学78mitigati

9、on/缓解、减轻in situ/原位、就地9 10topography/地形、地貌ex situ/易地、异地11 12demographic growth/人口landscape景观13 14ecosystem management/ 生态系统管理UNIT 5 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental security/环境女全12qualitative/ 定性的tributary/支流（的）、辅助的34quantitative/ 1里的sustainable developmentM 持续发展56deforestation/森林砍伐climate change/

10、气候变化78fresh water/ 淡水water supply/供水9 10irrigation/ 灌溉degradation/恶化11 12domestic wastewater/生活污水desalination/脱盐13 14world health organization (WHO)/ 世界卫生组织combustion/燃烧15 16water quality/ 水质hydrocarbon/煌类17 18pollutant loading/污染物负荷perturbation/扰动、干扰19 20life cycle/生命周期recalcitrant/ 难处理的21 22water

11、footprint/ 水足迹risk assessment/ 险评价23 24ecological footprint/生态足迹urbanization/ 城市化25 26shortage/短缺deterioration/ 恶化27 28nitrogen/Mnutrient/营养物29 30eutrophication/ 富营养化saltwater intrusion/ 海水入侵31 32aquatic ecosystem/生态系统water scarcity/水短缺33 34nitrogen loading/氮负荷impact/影响35 36toxicology/B 理学wetland/湿地

12、37 38Bio-monitoring/ 生物监测constructed wetland/人工湿地39 40metabolize/代谢contaminant/ 污染物41 42metabolic/代谢的UNIT 6 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental modeling/环境模拟1 2pentachlorophenol (PCP) /五氯酚chemical exposure concentration股学品暴露浓度3 4biodegradation/生物降解aquatic chemistry/水化学5 6reaeration/ 复氧water quality

13、criteria/ 水质标准(指标)7 8discharge腓放water quality standard/ 水质标准9 10oxygen sag curve (OSC) /氧Uft线ammonia/ 氨11 12downward/下游、下方向cadmium/镉13 14aquatic organism/水生生物chromium/铭15 16dissolved oxygen(do)榕解氧cyanide/氧化物17 18rate constant/速率常数acute threshold concentration/急性阈值浓度19 20kinetic/动力（学）的UNIT 7 Vocabula

14、ry （要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental impact assessment(EIA)/环境影响评价12baseline evaluation/本底评价environmental component/环境要素3mitigation measure/减缓措施5component assessmen酸素评价7baseline material/本底材料9baseline information/本底资料11impact prediction/影响预测13environmental assessment statement(EAS)环 15境影响报告书cumulative impact

15、/ 累积影响17environmental risk assessment(era)/环境风险、，19|-t / A.4 environmental manager/ 环保经理6 monitoring/监测8 baseline survey沐底调查10 compliance monitoring/跟踪监测12risk assessment/险评价14risk management/风险管理16 hazard identification/ 风险识别dose-response assessmen量量一响18 应评价20 exposure population/暴露人群synergistic ef

16、fec附 同效应21 22zero discharge层排放extrapolated data/夕卜延（英推）数据23 24self-purification/ 自净environmental management/环境管理25 26emission standard肝放标准ozone layer/臭氧层27 28final disposal/最终处置eco-technology生;29 30environmental legislation/环境立法cleaner technology/青洁技术31 32environmental auditing/环境审计life-cycle analys

17、is性命周期分析33 34byproduct/ 副产物hydrosphere/zK 圈35 36lithosphere/岩石圈hydrodynamics/水动力学、流体力学37 38ecological engineering生物工程energy crisis肩归源危机39 40decompose 分解deteriorate/ （使）恶化41 42pollution abatement/污染肖ij减UNIT 10 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）natural resource/ 自然资源1resource economics源经济学3potential detrimental/

18、潜在危害5life-support system/生命支持系统7renewable resourceMMM 资源9critical threshold/临界阈值11regenerative capacity/再生能力（容量）13hydraulic circulation/ 水力循环15iron/铁17aluminum/铝19copper/铜212 uranium/ 铀4phosphate/W6recyclable/再循环environmental economics/环境经济8 学10 environmental regulation/环境法规12intergenerational fairn

19、ess/代际公平14species extinction物种灭绝16scarcity/稀缺、不足、匮乏18unduly/过度地、不适当地20 leaded gasoline唐铅汽油22EPA/环境保护局sulfur dioxide/二氧化硫23 24cost-effectiveness/ 本-效益coal-burning plant/燃煤电厂25 26offset policy/补偿政策emission reduction碱排27 28environmental program/ 环境规戈Uenergy-intensive肩旨源密集型的29 30environmental tax/ 环境税UN

20、IT 11 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）analytical chemistry/分析化学1human environment/人类环境3greenhouse effec媪室效应5chemical structure/化学结构7organic compound/有机物9 1physiological effect/理效应11lipid solubility/脂溶性13precipitation/沉淀、沉降、沉积15distillation/蒸储17validation/验证19electromagnetic radiation/21spectrometric/光谱分析23mas

21、s spectrometric质谱分析25chemical oxygen demand(cod)佗学需氧重27ammonia nitrogen/氨氮29biological assimilability/可生物同化性31BOD(biological oxygen demand)/生化需氧重 33wood-pulping waste/木浆废液(水)352 biological monitoring/生物监测4 physic-chemical principle/物化原理6 qualitative analysis/定性分析8 quantitative analysis/1里分析0molecula

22、r structure/分子结构12analyte/分析物14 remote sensing遥感16 titration/ 滴定18 sample collection床样20 lipid/脂22 matrix/ 基质24stoichometric/化#if 的26gas chromatography(GC)/ 气相色谱28 lignin/木(质)素ultimate BOD(BOD u)/最终生化需氧 30量32 polluted water/ 受污水体34potassium permanganate/高镒酸钾365-day BOD(BOD 5)/5日生化需氧量1.analytical che

23、mistry分析化学2.biological assimilability可生物同化性3.human environment人类环境4.BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量5.greenhouse effect温室效应6.wood-pulping waste木浆废液（水）7.chemical structure:化学结构8.potassium iodate碘化钾9.organic compound；有机物10.catalyst催化剂11.physiological effect:生理效应12.aromatic hydrocarbon芳煌13.lipid solu

24、bility脂溶性14.reduced state还原态15.precipitation沉淀、沉降16.reducing agent还原剂17.distillation蒸播18.oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)氧化还原电位19.validation;验证20.sulfuric acid硫酸21.electromagnetic radiation电磁幅射22.glucose葡萄糖23.spectrometric光谱分析24.sulfide硫化物25.mass spectrometric质谱分析26.hazardous waste危险废物27.chemicalo

25、xygendemand(cod)化学需氧量28.Complexation络合，配位（作用）potassium iodate碘化钾37 38catalyst/催化剂、促进因素39 40aromatic hydrocarbon/芳煌41 42reduced state处原态43 44reducing agent/还原齐 ij45 46oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)/ 氧化还原电位47 48sulfuric acid/硫酸49 50glucose葡萄糖51 52sulfide/硫化物53 54flame ionization detector(fid)/ 火焰离

26、子检测器55 56hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢57 58benzene康59 60formaldehyde/ 甲醛61 62azo dye/偶氮染料63 64thermal desorption/热脱附65 66potassium dichromate/重铭酸钾pyridine/口比咤、氮杂苯organic nitrogen/有机氮equivalent weight/当量ferrous ion/亚铁离子hazardous waste/危险废物nitrate/硝酸盐nitrite/亚硝酸盐zeolite/沸石absorption/吸收triethanolamine/ 三乙醇胺FI

27、CK s law菲克定律stainless stee不锈钢diffusion rate/扩散速率volatile organic compound(VOC)/ 挥发性有机化合物29.biological monitoring生物监测30.ultimate BOD(BODu)最终生化需氧量31.physic-chemical principle物化原理32.polluted water受污水体33.qualitative analysis定性分析34.potassium permanganate高镒酸钾35.quantitative analysisr房里分析36.P 5-day BOD(BOD

28、5)5日生化需氧量37.molecular structure分子结构38.potassium dichromate重铭酸钾39.analyte分析物40.pyridine口比咤、氮杂苯41.remote sensing遥感42.organic nitrogen有机氮43.titration滴定44.equivalent weight业有 T里45.sample collection采样46.ferrous ion亚铁离子47.lipid脂48.volatileorganiccompound (VOC)挥发性有机化合物49.matrix基质50.nitrate硝酸盐51.stoichometr

29、ic|化壬t嘴的52.nitrite亚硝酸盐53.gas chromatography(GC)气相色谱54.absorption吸收55.lignin:木（质）素56.reflux回流57.ammonia nitrogen氨氮58.dilution稀释UNIT 12 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）receiving water/受纳水体1local regulation/地方法规3unit operation/单元运行5unit process惮元过程7preliminary treatment/ 预处理9 1csuspended solid/l 浮固体111dissolved

30、solid 溶解固体13 1settable matter/ 可沉降物15 1biodegradable organic matter/ 可降解有机物17 1disinfection/消毒19 2water reuse/水回用21 2biological nutrient removal(BNR)/ 生物脱除 、，232磷total suspended solid(TSS)/总悬浮固体25 22primary treatment/ 级处理4secondary treatment/二级处理6advanced treatment/高级处理8tertiary treatment/ 深度处理grit

31、chamber/ 沉砂池2sedimentation/沉淀、沉降4conventional secondary treatment/#统二级处理6 filtration/ 过滤8phosphorus/W 0microscreen/微滤 2nutrient removal/ 营养物去除nitrification-denitrification/ 硝化-反 4硝化biological treatment system/生物处理 6系统point source原源27 28turbidity/ 浊度29 30process analysis/E 2 分析31 32overflow/溢流33 34cl

32、arification/澄清、沉淀35 36membrane filtration/ 膜过滤37 38reverse osmosi版渗透39 40bioreactor/生物反应器41 42granular/颗粒（状）的43 44hydrophobic/疏水性的45 46protein/蛋白质47 48opposite charge反电荷49 50double layer/双电层51 52colloidal particle/胶体颗粒53 54positive charge/正电荷55 56neutralize/ （使）中和57 58alkalinity/ 碱度59 60coagulant/混凝

33、齐1J61 62rapid mixing（tank）/ 快混（池）63 64iso-electric point/等电点65 66aluminum sulfate/ 硫酸铝67 68bicarbonate alkalinity/ 重碳酸盐碱度69 70precipitate/ （使）沉淀、沉降71 72dewater, dewatering/ （使）脱水73 74non-point source/面源coliform bacteria/大肠杆菌（E.coli）combined sewer/合流制污水管wastewater treatment plant（WTP）/ 污水处理厂membrane

34、bioreactor/ 膜生物反应器ultrafiltration/ 超滤wastewater treatment process/废水处理工艺coagulation/混凝colloid, colloidal/胶体（的）hydrophilic/亲水性的repelling force/ （排）斥力zeta potential/ t 电位van der Waals attractive force/ 范德华引力cation; anion/阳离子；阴离子microfloc/微絮体flocculation/絮凝alum/铝盐coagulant aid/助凝齐 Udestabilization/脱稳（过

35、程）polyelectrolyte/聚 电解质aluminum hydroxide/ 氢氧化铝ortho-phosphate/正磷酸盐sludge亏泥thickening/浓缩calcium carbonate/ 碳酸钙75 76polymer/聚合物ferric chloride(fecl3)/ 三氯化铁77 78hydrogen bonding/氢键coagulant dosage/昆凝齐 ij投量79 80settling tank/沉淀池slow mixing/慢混81 82flocculation tank/絮凝池seeding胺种83 84domestic wastewater/生

36、活污水biofilm/生物膜85 86trace organic constituent/微量有机成分municipal collection system戚巾污水收集系统87 88aquatic plant/水生植物suspended growth process/l浮生长工2 /方法89 90attached growth process/W 着生长工艺/方法activated sludge process(ASP)循性污泥工 291 92activated sludge/活性污泥aeration tank/ 曝气池93 94contact time/接触时间retention time/

37、停留时间95 96Sludge Volume Index(SVI)/ 污泥容积指数mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)/混合液悬浮固体97 98mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)/混合液悬浮挥发性固体clarifier/澄清池、沉淀池99 100biomass性物量gravity settling/ 重力沆降101 102treated effluent/处理出水suspended solid/l 浮固体103 104packing material/ 填料trickling filter/ 滴滤池105

38、 106blower/风机liquid film/ 液膜107 108liquid/solid separation/ 固液分离effluent/出水109 110waste sludge嗣余污泥UNIT 13 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）cooling water/冷却（用）水1 2process water/X2 (用)水3 4discharge requirement/排放要求（标准）5 6carbon adsorption/碳吸附7 8electrodialysis/电渗析distillation/蒸储ion exchange脩子交换advanced chemical

39、oxidation/高级化学氧化(处理)chemical precipitation/化学沉淀9 0treated effluent/处理出水chemical oxidation/化学氧化11 12straining/ （机械）过滤、表面过滤protozoan/原生动物13 14oocys哪囊nitrification/ 硝化15 16filter medium/滤池介质（滤料）pressure differential/压（力）差17 18semipermeable membrane/半透膜osmotic pressure 渗透压19 20cross-flow filtration/ 错流过

40、滤concentrate stream/浓液21 22membrane fouling/ 膜污染concentration gradient/浓度梯度23 24feed water/ 进水phenol/酚25 26hydrolysis/水解concentration polarization/浓差极化27 28total dissolved solid（TDS）/总溶解固体barium/ 银29 30chlorination/氯化（处理）backwashing/反冲洗31 32chemical cleaning/化学清洗nickel/馍33 34permeate/透过液（淡液）thermody

41、namic/热动力学 （的）35 36flux/通量fungi/真菌、霉菌37 38Advanced Oxidation Process（AOP）/高级氧化（处理）XZhydroxyl free radical（HO ）/羟基自由基39 40stripping/吹脱、汽提hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢（双氧水）41 42photolysis/光分解ozonation/臭氧化（处理）43 44ultraviolet（UV）/ 紫外光（线）first-order kinetics/级动力学45 46refractory organic compound/ 难降解（处理）有机物pilo

42、t testing/中试研究47 48steroid/类固醇aliphatic/脂肪族（质）的49 50trich10roethylene/三氯乙烯UNIT 14 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）gaseous pollutan叭态污染物1 2 dust removal/cyclone脏风分离器3 4water quality management/ 水质管理electrostatic precipitator/静电沉降器5 6scrubber/洗涤器fabric filter/布袋除尘器（滤布过滤）7 8coal-burning electric generating plant

43、/燃煤电厂micropore/微孔9 10venturi/文丘里管incineration/焚烧11 12incinerator/焚烧炉dioxin/二嗯英13 14organic acid/有机酸landfiH/填埋（场）15 16PM 2.5aldehyde/乙醛17 18particular matter/ 颗粒物vehicle exhaust/R车尾气19 20aerosol particle/气溶胶颗粒butyrate/ 丁酸盐21 22pyruvate/内酮酸盐（酯）phthalate/邻苯一甲酸盐（酯）23 24hybrid/混合的UNIT 15 Vocabulary （要求掌握

44、的专业词汇）off-gas/废气1chemisorptions枇学吸附（作用）3desulfurization/ 脱硫5aqueous solution/K 溶液7combustion chamber/燃烧室9 1incinerator/焚烧炉11catalyst/催化齐【J13gasification/气化15thermal fixation/ 热固定（化）17algae/藻类19dry cleaning/干洗（干法清洗）212 crude oil/原油4 flue gas胭道气6 solid waste disposal 固废处置8 removal efficiency/去除（效）率0 i

45、ncineration/焚烧12 catalytic combustion/催化燃烧14citrate/柠檬酸盐nitrogen-containing compound/ 含氮16 化合物18power generation/发电20afterburner/ 二次燃烧22epoxy compound/氧化合物troposphere/对流层23 24photochemical smog/yfi化学烟雾25 26free radical/ 自由基27 28biofilter/生物滤池29 30packed-bed bioreactor/填料床生物反应器31 32scavenge/青除、净化33 3

46、4colony/菌落、菌群35 36compost/隹月巴、混合肥料37 38stratosphere/平流层、同温层morning rush hour/ 早高峰期halogen/卤素（卤化物）bioreactor/生物反应器biotrickling filter/ 生物滴滤池geothermal/地热的、地温的substrate/基质（底物）debris/碎片、破碎体UNIT 16 Vocabulary (要求掌握的专业词汇)1 23 45 67 89 1011 1213 1415 1617 1819 2021 2223 2425 2627 28residence time惇留时间auxil

47、iary fuel/ 辅助燃料cement kiln/水泥窑炉atomization/粉化（作用）ignition temperature/ 点火温度multiple-hearth incinerator/ 多炉膛焚烧炉fly ash屋灰herbicide/除草剂environmental law/环境法rodenticide/灭鼠齐1Jhospital waste/医院废物domestic refuse生活垃圾bioaccumulate/生物积累（富集）furan/吠喃rule of thumb/工作经验ambient temperature/ 环境温度viscosity粘滞度fluidiz

48、ed bed incinerator/ 流化床焚烧rotary kiln incinerator/ 转窑焚烧炉carcinogen傲癌齐 ijteratogen/致畸剂thyroid/甲状腺hazardous waste/危险废物reclamation/回收、回用polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)/多环芳煌heavy metal/ 重金属inhalation/ 吸入mutagen/诱变齐Uresidue/残留物29 30residual chlorine/余氯、残留的氯UNIT 17 Vocabulary （要求掌握的专业词汇）refuse dispo

49、sal 垃圾处置1 2runoff/ （地表）径流sanitary landfill/ 卫生填埋3 4municipal refuse/城市垃圾greenbelt/绿化带5 6anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解anaerobic biological reactor/厌氧生物反应器7 8aerobic organism/好氧生物potable water/饮用水9 10methane-forming organism/7sanaerobic methane production/厌烷11 12open dump/露天垃圾场nitrate/硝酸盐13 14nitrite/亚硝

50、酸盐volatile fatty acid(VFA)/ 挥发性脂肪酸15 16total organic carbon(TOC)/ 总有机碳BOD/COD/ B/C 比17 18organic -N/有机氮total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)/ 总凯氏氮19 20milligram per liter/ 毫克 /升 (mg/L)nitrifying bacteria/ 石肖化菌21 22physical/chemical process物理化学biological treatment/ 生物处理23 24aerobic treatment/好氧处理anaerobic treatment/厌氧处理25 26bio-uptake/生物吸收nitrification/denitrification/ 硝化-反硝化27 28breakpoint chlorination/ 折点氯化 (法)biochemical treatment/生化处理29 30butyric/丁酸（盐）的humic acid/腐植酸31 32fulvic acid/棕黄酸、褐菌酸tannic acid/糅酸、丹酸33 34anaerobic bacteria/厌氧菌methyl mercury/ 甲基汞35 36food chain/食物链solid waste/ 废37 38b