句子成分2013918

1、英语句法英语句法语法系列一语法系列一英语的基本成分有七种：英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（主语（subject） 谓语（谓语（predicate） 表语（表语（predicative） 宾语（宾语（object） 宾语补足语宾语补足语 ( object complement) 定语（定语（attribute） 状语状语 (adverbial)主语：是句子要说明的人或物主语：是句子要说明的人或物, 主语一般在句主语一般在句首。首。1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.2) He reads newspapers everyday.3) Two and six

2、is eight.4) Smoking is harmful to the health.5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.7) The rich should help the poor. 8) It is necessary to master a foreign language.谓语谓语: 可以由及物动词、不及物动词或者系动可以由及物动词、不及物动词或者系动词充当，说明主语的动作，状态或特征。词充当，说明主语的动作，状态或特征。1) The

3、 new term begins on the 1st of September.2) Her father is an engineer.3) She seemed tired.4) Li Hua showed me his album. 5)He practices running every morning. 6) You may keep the book for two weeks. 7) He has caught a bad cold. 宾语宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。及物动词和介词后面。1) Wang Lin

4、g lent me a novel to read in the bus.2) How many notebooks do you want?3) My little sister always likes to ask questions.4) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?5) He asked me what I was going to do in summer.6）I dont think it polite to speak with your mouth full.宾语补足语宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明在宾语后面补充说明 宾语宾语

5、 的动作的动作,状态状态,特征等情况。特征等情况。1) The headteacher appointed him monitor of our class.2) His father named him Dongming. 3) They painted their boat white.4) Let the fresh air in.6) We saw her entering the room. 7) We found everything in the lab in good order.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如词如be之后，说明主语身份，

6、特征，之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。属性或状态。1) Wangs father is a doctor.2) He is always careless.3) The speech is exciting.4) The weather has turned cool.5) Our aim is to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines. 系动词系动词 本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语

7、，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。性质、特征等情况。1）状态系动词）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词一词2）持续系动词）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况 或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand3）表像系动词）表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，主这一概念，主 要有要有seem, appear, look, 4）感官系动词）感官系动词感官系动词主要有感官系动词主

8、要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 5）变化系动词）变化系动词主要有主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,定语定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用短语或句子，汉语中常用的的表示。表示。 1) Guilin is a beautiful city. 2) China is a developing country while America is a developed country.3) Our monitor is always the first to e

9、nter the classroom. 4) He is reading an article about how to learn English.5) There is nothing to do today. 6) The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 7) This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、

10、程度、目的等。方向、程度、目的等。 1) She sings quite well. 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He is in the room making a model plane. 4) He is proud to have won the match. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. 6) Once you begin, you must continue.英语五种基本句型：英语五种基本句型： （主谓）（主谓） We wo

11、rk. （主谓表）（主谓表） He is a student. （主谓宾）（主谓宾） She has bought a dictionary. O （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） My father bought me a bike. （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） His joke made all of us laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这些基本句型扩注：其他各种句子都可由这些基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。展、变化或省略而构成。Translation:1. Jim 看起来很健康。看起来很健康。2. 他失业了。他失业了。3. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄

12、来的信。4. 我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。5. 我父亲上周给我买了一辆新自行车。我父亲上周给我买了一辆新自行车。 Jim looks very healthy. He is out of work. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. My father bought me a new bike last week. 6. 他们把门推开了。他们把门推开了。7.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。我想乘船去那里更舒服些。8.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。9.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。10. 她知道如何与别人友好相处。她知道如何与别人友好相处。 They pus