技法总论_阅读表达

1、题型一：完形填空山东省高考题型解题技法总论题型二：阅读理解题型三：阅读表达题型三阅读表达n 山东省3年高考阅读表达考情统计与命题分析题型二阅读理解n 阅读表达解题流程n 题型分类指导山东省3年高考阅读表达考情统计与命题分析山东省3年高考阅读表达考情统计与命题分析年份201320122011体裁记叙文记叙文议论文考点76题主旨大意写作意图写作手法77题句子填空主旨大意句子填空78题英文释义回答问题列举信息79题回答问题回答问题句意归纳80题写作意图句子填空段意概括命题分析纵观近几年的阅读表达，有如下特点：1阅读表达文章涉及各种体裁，文章词数为250350，选材为比较新颖而又贴近实际生活的话题。要

2、求考生熟悉说明文、议论文、记叙文的文章结构、写作特点，准确把握文章主旨大意、写作思路和作者的写作意图等等。2问题设置形式多种多样，考查学生的多种基本能力。命题涉及细节理解、主旨归纳、推理判断、问题简答等，形成对文章全方位、多角度的考查，能全面、客观地反映学生“读、写、思”等方面的能力。3答题应做到主观性与客观性相结合，突出思维的开放性。阅读表达解题流程主旨大意题扫读题干，确定题目类型补全句子题封闭性问题同义句替换句子翻译题主旨大意题寻找主旨句确定表达：根据词数要求，剔除无关词汇，符合英文表达习惯根据文章内容归纳主题补全句子题根据句子结构确定所缺成分根据上下文语境确定所缺信息确定表达：根据所作成

3、分和前后逻辑确定表达方式封闭性问题根据关键词准确定位信息源确定表达：根据词数要求和题目类型，对原文进行转换和加工同义句替换理解所给句子回原文，寻找同义词或短语根据同义词或短语确定原句摘抄原句句子翻译题分析句子结构弄清句子在语境中的意思根据汉语表达习惯确定表达阅读表达题型分类指导主旨大意题与写作意图题(一)此类题主要考查角度有：概括全文大意或写出文章的标题；概括段落大意；推断作者的写作意图。从近几年高考题看考查最多的是全文大意题和段落大意题。阅读表达题的文章一般结构清晰，在概括文章大意或推断写作意图时，要把握文章的整体结构和行文线索，同样在概括段落大意题时也应注意段落的结构和行文方式。1根据转折

4、连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章或段落主题。(1)转折词一般而言，作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，如but, yet, however。需要注意的是转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常常是文章主旨的关键所在。(2)标志性词(句)常用的标志性词(句)有：on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion that .；Given all these points above, I would support the idea that .; For a

5、ll the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer .主旨大意题与写作意图题(一)2根据主题句总结文章或段落主题。文章主题常常可以通过写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：(1)倒三角形写作法()：即主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。(2)正三角形写作法()：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)圆形写作法()：即首尾呼应的写作方法。突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写

6、作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。(4)菱形写作法()：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。(5)正方形写作法()：即主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下，我们的注意力应放在文章的主要内容上。3利用醒目、简洁性的原则归纳文章标题。如果是概括标题，则要注意文章标题格式。它可以是完整的句子或简洁的短语，也可以是以问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。补全句子题(二)这类题一般是在文章中抠掉一个句子的一部分或整个句子，要求考生根

7、据上下文的逻辑关系和文章的主题结构来做出判断，给出适当的答案，填入空白处使上下文连贯。解答这类题时，我们一定要先通览全文，从整体上把握文章的结构和逻辑，然后，再从细节入手，充分利用文章句子之间的连接词、转承词，如：and, so, but, however, if, because, in case, as long as, instead, when, while, on the contrary, in addition, whats more, such as, for example, firstly, secondly等做出大胆的预测。补全句子题(二)典例1(2013山东高考节选)1

8、 Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called

9、Getty “the richest man in the world”2 But money _. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Gettys children had very happy lives.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)答案did not buy happiness for G

10、etty封闭性问题(三)这类问题一般就文章的一个细节提问。从某种意义上说，有些像前面的阅读理解的细节理解题。这就要求考生必须能准确地找到与问题相关的细节，并经过组织语言形成适当的答案。解题时应遵循以下两步。第一步：根据问题定位信息源。定位信息源时，一定要根据问题的关键字，查找原文的相关信息。第二步：根据文章原句和问题进行信息转换。在找到信息源后，要结合问题对原文进行转换和加工。注意此类问题的答案一般不是文章原句，因为一般的问题不会那样直白，而且该题有词数限制，因此要对原文进行信息加工，形成自己的语言。封闭性问题(三)典例2(2013山东高考节选)4 In 1973, kidnappers to

11、ok his 16yearold grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Gettys son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Gettys son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but

12、at 4 percent interest.What did the kidnappers do to Gettys family? (no more than 10 words)答案They took Gettys grandson and asked for money.同义句替换(四)本题型要求考生能准确地在文章中找到与所给句子意义相同的句子，并准确无误地抄写在指定的位置。解答这类题时，重要的是找到一些意思对等的短语或关键词。建议大家在读文章之前先看看这个题中所给的句子的意思，然后带着这个意思去读文章。这样，等读到有意思相近的句子时，会引起我们的特别注意。然后做好标记，等待最后的核实。同

13、义句替换(四)典例3(2010山东高考节选) 1One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 ti

14、mes a week together benefit in many ways. 2Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families，

15、eating dinner together proves to be a good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day，discuss news and ideas or just be together and enjoy each others company.Which sentence in the te

16、xt is closest in meaning to the following one?By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and ideas and develop closer ties among them.答案Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships.句子翻译题(五)阅读表达要求翻译的句子往往是结构较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此我们在翻译之前一定要分析句子的结构，并通过句子所在的情景弄清楚句子的意思，然后用通顺的汉语进行表达，在翻译时要注意英语和汉语在句子结构和表达方式上的差异。句子翻译题(五)典例4(2010山东高考)They also have better chance to re