2019届河南省南乐县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练：10(含解析)

1、河南南乐县2019高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练10阅读理解。阅读下列短文 , 从给的四个选项 （A 、B、C 和 D） 中, 选出最佳选项。【2019 潍坊 5 月模拟】Whenyou tidy your messy bedroom ， it gets a lot easier to find things.Dreamsmaywork the same way for a messy brain， helping you learn by organizing memories andideas.To test how much dreams can help learning， Robert

2、 Stickgold had some studentsplay a shape-fitting game called Tetris（ 俄罗斯方块 ）for a few hours and then go to sleep.Soon they weredreaming of falling Tetris shapes.Interestingly，the worst Tetrisplayers had the most Tetris dreams and improved their game the most.Similar tests have shown the sameresults

3、for all kinds of skills.As we dream， many important tasks are getting done.The brain decides what to keep and what toforget.It is connecting new experiences to older learning.In fact ， the brain is learning all night long.Another important task of dreams may be to help us deal with emotions （情绪 ） At

4、night，emotions are in the driversseat.People who have had an upsetting experience often dream aboutit afterward.Often the dream event changes somehowanother way the brain tries to make the memoryless upset.So if your best friend moves away，you might dream that youre the one whosmoving.In fact，dreams

5、 have a proven power to improve mood，and people who dream about whatsbotheringthem usually feel better sooner than those whodon t.Everybody dreams for a couple of hours every nightin the course of your life，youll spend about25 years asleep and 6 years dreaming.Theresprobably no single answer to the

6、question why we dream，but theredoesnthave to be.One dream mighthelp you remember your math facts， while another might lead to a new invention，or give you a fun，crazy story to tell your friends.Itsall in anightswork forour busy ， mysterious brains.1Robert Stickgoldstest shows that_ .A games are usefu

7、l for memoryB dreams can help improve skillsC players stop learning in dreamsD tasks can only be settled through dreams2 We can learn from Paragraph 4 that_.A dreams can get rid of sufferings以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。Bonly drivers can deal with emotionsCone may be less upset after a dreamDdreams can

8、 copy what one experienced3Which of the following does the author probably agree with?ADreaming does harm to onesmood.BDreaming affects the quality of sleep.CItshard to find out the secrets of dreaming.DItsnot so important to know the cause of dreaming.4What does the text focus on?ADreams and memori

9、es.BDreams and emotions.CThe benefits of dreams.DThe patterns of dreams.5In which part of a magazine can this text be found?AEntertainment.BTourism.D Advertisement.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。1解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“ Similar tests have s

10、hown thesame results for all kinds of skills. ”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都 是有帮助的，故选 B。答案： B2解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ Another important task ofdreams.emotions （ 情绪 ） ”和最后一句“ In fact ，dreams have a proven power to improvemood. ”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。答案： C3解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“ Theresprobably no single answer tothe question why w

11、e dream ，but there doesnthave to be. ”可知，作者认为关于我们 为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。答案： D4解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。答案： C5解析：推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所CScience.答案： C。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。(NCB in I nterpo l)The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes bee

12、n described as an outfit of chisel-jawedgimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol hasalso been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.As with most generalities, there is some truth in bo

13、th statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers ofcrime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains ofpaper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone：INTERPOL, the international policeforce. Continents

14、 leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched byeyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is theNational Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the

15、member nations to serve as their link withInterpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Departmentis the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and theMelbourne City Police in Australia. Because po

16、lice organization varies from country, the NCBs wereestablished to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximumcooperationbetween nations. Each NCBis usually an official government body with police powers if a country has onlyone central police authority, that body becom

17、es the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any serviceappointed as an NCB is bound to its nationslaw and authority and retains its national title.Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations areconnected to the Central Station in France. The ra

18、dio network is versatile. Network stations can monitorthe Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than onestation at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high prioritycan be given precedence. Besides, oth

19、er communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters andphototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever moreadvanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian namedGeorge Leray, they turned to the Early Bird

20、 Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of aMontreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Leraysphoto to the world bysatellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yachtin Fort Lauderdale under an assumed nam

21、e. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.What is the best title for this passage?1.A. The Function of the Interpol.C. The Organization of the Interpol. Interpol.2.The organization of this passage isA. general to specific.C. comparison and contrast.3.The sentence thefirst paragraph is closest in

22、 meaning to A. a lot of employees busying in their work. many office workers busying with various documents.C. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.D. workers busying in their own information.4.Which is the easiest tool to communicate?. Radio.D. Phototelegraphy.Vocabular

23、y1.Interpol国际刑警组织2.outfit全班人马，有组织团体3.chisel-jawed仪表英俊的4.gimlet-eyed目光锐利的5.jeopardy危险6.flatteringly奉承7.choke闷死choking on their own statistics被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来8.as with most generalities和大多数笼统说法一样9.grim冷酷的10.drone懒汉，懒洋洋的人11.shuffle反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）12.charisma超凡的魅力13.National Central Bureaus国家中心局14.Treasury

24、Department财政部（美）15.Questura警察局（意）16.Melbourne墨尔本警察局17.chore日常零星工作18.to be bound to受的约束，义务,定.19.geographic zone地区，地带20.versatile有多方面用途的21.radio-teleprinter无线电打印机22.phototelegraph传真23.daring大胆的24.holdup抢劫25.alert使警惕，使处于. The Quality of the Interpol.D. The Rapid Development of the. cause and effect.D.

25、development.stuffed with clerks choking on their ownstatistics ” inA.Satellite. .Teleprinter.待命状态难句译注1.The organizationknown to the world as Interpolhas sometimes beendescribedas an outfit of chisel-jawedgimlet-eyed crime fighterswho put their livesin jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly,

26、Interpol has also been describedas a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics. 结构简析 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句 known 修饰 organization ，后 一句 stuffed修饰 cabinet. 参考译文 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士 的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档 案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。2.

27、There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are,just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. 结构简析 这是两个句子，都是引导词 there 句型。 参考译文 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯 定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消

28、瘦如刀。3.Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villainswatched by eyes that never sleep.结构简析这是省略句。正常句型应该是Continents are leaped in，Oceans are crossedin ,villains are watched by。 参考译文 大洲可一步跨过。 大洋可以在转眼之间越过， 坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。4.These are the front-line troops, the acti

29、on people. 参考译文 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人） 。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织 的一般介绍，后面是具体到 NCB 组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一一一国家中心局是各国负责 和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠 道和方式方法。答案祥解1.C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是 附带涉及。所以A. B. 不对。D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。2.A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。B. 因果 和C. 对比。 不对。D. 展开，任何文章

30、都得展开。3.C. stuff=crowd 办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。 见难句译注 1参考译文。A. 有许多雇员忙于工作； B. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件；D. 忙于自己信息的工 人。这三项都没有。4.B. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但 无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络 站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只 是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以 A. 卫星， C. 无线电打印机， D. 传 真电报，不对。 史地自然型阅

31、读理解 - （ 二 ）If you are afraid of the dark ， its not a big deal.Its perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all ， animals do ，too. “Fear matters ，” says Karen Warkentin ，an ecologist.“ Its a good thing，” she adds, “ because fear makes you do things that keep youalive. ”Like kids ， many animals experien

32、ce fear and they respond to the feeling in varietyof ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fishwill swim away when a big， hungry fish approaches.Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of beingeaten can scare so

33、me frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studyingredeyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.In this species ， female frogs attach jellylike clumps（ 果冻一样的块状物 ）of their eggs to the undersidesof leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle（悬挂 ）overponds.After they hatch f

34、rom the eggs ， the tadpoles（ 蝌蚪 ）then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungrysnake is about to attack ， however ，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakesare unable to sw

35、im，by falling into the water early， the tadpoles canescape.If hatching early helps protect redeyed tree frogs from snakes ，you might wonder why their eggs dontalwayshatch sooner.It turns out that hatchingearly brings its owndanger.Once tadpoles land in the water， hungry fish and other animals like t

36、o eatthem, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days， then ， allows frog embryos（ 胚胎 ）to growbig and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.It can be inferred from the passage that fears_ help animals grow bigger and stronger are less common among young animals help ani

37、mals move a lot tofit the environment are more or less important for animals to survive We are told in the passage that treefrogs_ face danger both inside their eggs and in the waterwill grow fast if they fall into the water laterare surprisingly clever when inside their eggsstay in their eggs longe

38、r if they are frightenedWhy do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？ Because_they like falling into the water early they want to grow into adult frogsthey sense a hungry snake is about to attackfrog embryos can grow strongWhat is the best title of the passage?What is fear?Why do we

39、feel afraid?You feel afraid ； animals do, tooFear is a good thingWhat would be discussed in the following paragraph?Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule. How the unborn frogs know when asnake is about to attack them. Another example of animals that respond to fear in

40、 an unexpected way. Howtree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.)本文主要论述的是恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，有时恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎人们的想象。1.D 推理判断题。根据 because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.2A 细节理解题。根据“ If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack ，howe

41、ver ，they can hatchup to 2 days ahead of the schedule. ”和“ Once tadpoles land in the water ， hungry fish and other1A1Aanimals like to eat them，too. ”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕被其他动物吃掉。故选A 项。3C 细节理解题。根据“ If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack ，however ，they can hatchup to 2 days ahead of the

42、 schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim ， by falling into the water early ，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃离蛇的攻击了。故选C 项。4. D 主旨大意题。文章通过举例说明害怕是一件好事。故选D 项。5C 篇章结构题。根据“ Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first exampleis that the fear of being

43、 eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. ”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面还会有例子。故选C 项。 史地自然型阅读理解 - （ 三 ）Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, ecofriendly raingardens（雨水花园 ） are healthy for the environment andthe people living and working nearb

44、y.A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far moreecofriendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain andstorm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak（ 浸入 ）slowly into theground bef

45、ore it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants inthe rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water willsoak slowly into the ground within a day or two.

46、This creates an advantage that the rain garden does notallow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and ecofriendly“green ” way to treat stormwater.Whats more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain

47、gardens remove harmful chemicals in therainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommendedfor rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, andwater conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native b

48、irds. Water your rain garden immediatelyafterplanting and once a week, unless youhave had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary rootsystem, it will require little care.Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in the

49、ir yards and in publicparks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you dont need to be aprofessional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as youre ecoconscious homeowners,you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards

50、.1 Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?A. They are good for living conditions.B. They increase pollution.C. They can beautify the community.D. They improve the environment.2 Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed inParagraph 4?A. They can keep the rain and storm water.B. They can help reduce the pollution problem.C. They can be healthy for the people around.D. They can make