高中英语阅读表达

1、2010年阅读表达新编Passage1Forthousandsofyears,manhasenjoyedthetasteofapples.Apples,whichareabout85percentwater,growalmosteverywhereintheworldbutthehottestandcoldestareas.AmongtheleadingcountriesinappleproductionareChina,FranceandtheUnitedStates.Therearevariouskindsofapples,butaveryfewmakeupthemajorityoftho

2、segrownforsale.ThethreemostcommonkindsgrownintheUnitedStatesareDelicious,goldenDelicious,andMclntosh.Applesaredifferentincolor,size,andtaste.Thecoloroftheskinmaybered,green,oryellow.Theyhavevarioussizes,withDeliciousapplesbeingamongthelargest.Thetastemaybesweetortart(酸的).Generally,sweetapplesareeate

3、nfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce.Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.1. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(Nomorethan10words)2. Whichseasonisgoodforthegrowthofappletrees?(Nomoretha

4、n15words)3. Howmanycountriesareconsideredtobelargeproducersofapples?Whatarethey?(Nomorethan10words)4. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedwordyielded"inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)5. Whatgoodeffectsdoappleshaveonpeople?(Nomorethan20words)Passage2Allherlife,mymotherwantedbusychildren.Itwasveryimportantthath

5、erhouseshouldremainatalltimescleanandtidy.Youcouldturnyourbackforamomentinmymother'shousaveahalf-writtenletteronthediningroomtable,amagazineopenonthechair,andturnaroundtofindthatmymotherhadputitbackwhereitbelonged,assheexplained.Mywife,ononeofherfirstvisitstomymother'shouse,placedapacketofbi

6、scuitsonanendtableandwenttothekitchentofetchadrink.Whenshereturned,shefoundthepackethadbeenremoved.Confused,shesetdownherdrinkandwentbacktothekitchenformorebiscuits,onlytoreturntofindthatherdrinkhaddisappeared.Uptothenshehadguessedthateveryoneinmyfamilyheldontotheirdrinks,soasnottomakewaterringsonth

7、eendtables.Nowsheknowsbetter.Thesedisappearanceshadaconfusingeffectonourfamily.Wewereallinclinedto(有的倾向forgetfulness.Anditwascommonforoneofus,uponreturningfromthebathroom,tofindthateverysignofherworkinprogresshaddisappearedsuddenly.“DoyourememberwhatIwasdoing?wasaquestionfrequentlyasked,butrarelyans

8、wered?;Nowmysisterhasdevelopedasecond-handloveofcleanwindows,andmybrotherdoesthecleaninginhishouse,perhapstoavoidhavingtobetheonetohithisfeet.Itrynottothinkaboutittoomuch,butIhaveatthislatertimestartedtodustthefurnitureonceaweek.'Wehaveallbecomebusypersons.1. Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?(Nomo

9、rethan15words)2. Whycouldn'ttheauthor'isdvlherfbiscuitsanddrinkinhismother'shouse?(Nomorethan10words)3. Whywasthequestion“DoyourememberwhatIwasdoing”frequentlyasked?(Nomorethan25words)4. PleaseexplaintheunderlinedwordssetdowninEnglish.”(Nomorethan5words5. Doyoulikethepersonwhoisalwayskee

10、peverythingclean?Whyorwhynot?(Nomorethan25words)Passage3Thevolcanoisoneofthemostsurprisingfrighteningforcesofnature.Maybeyouhaveseenpicturesofthese“fireworks”ofnature.Sometimeswheneauiptteaanverylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofamountain.Itlookslikeafire."riverofSometimesvolcanoesexplode,

11、throwingthemeltedrockandasheshighintotheair.Butwheredoesthismeltedrockcomefrom?Theearthismadeupofmanylayers(层).Thetoplayerthatweseeiscalledthecrust.Underthecrustaremanylayersofhardrock,Butfar,farbeneaththecrustwhoserockissohot,thatitissoft.Insomeplacesitevenmelts.Themeltedrockiscalledmagma.Sometimes

12、themagmabreaksouttothesurfacethroughcracks(裂缝)inthecrust.Thesecracksarevolcanoes.Mostpeoplethinkofmountainswhentheythinkofvolcanoes.Butnoteverymountainisavolcano.Avolcanoissimplytheopeningintheearthfromwhichthemagmaescapes.Thehotmagmaorlavaasitiscalled,coolsandbuildsuponthesurfaceoftheearth.Overthou

13、sandsofyears,thispileofcooledlavacangrowtobevery,verybig.Forexample,thehighestmountaininAfrica,Kilimanjaro,isavolcano.Ittowersmorethan16,000feetabovethegroundaroundit.1. Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Nomorethan5words)2. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“erupts”inEnglish.(Nomorethan7words)3. Whatisavo

14、lcano?(Nomorethan17words)4. Whatistheearthmadeupof?(Nomorethan10words)5. Whenyouthinkofvolcanoes,doyouthinkofmountains?Why?(Nomorethan30words)Passage4Insomeways,theUnitedStateshasmadesomeprogress.FiresnoIongerdestroy18,000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,ast

15、heydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiedinafire.Butevenwithsuchsuccesses,theUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindi

16、fferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfasteandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan'spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmoste

17、ntirelyatchildren,whodieinlargenumbersinfiresbutwho,againstpopularbeliefs,startveryfewofthem.Expertssaytheerrorisanopinionthatfiresarenotreallyanyone'sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;ofthe48fires

18、inworldhistorythatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27.Punishmentforcausingabigfirecanbeassevereaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschools.But,thelessonsareaimedattoolimitedanumberofpeople;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatch

19、es.TheUnitedStatescontinuestodependmoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildinglawsnowrequirehomesprinklers(喷水装置).Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.1. Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan12words)2. Pleaseexplaintheunderl

20、inedword"indifferenee”inEnglish.(Nomorethan10words)3. Whoaregiventhefire-safetylessonsmostly?(Nomorethan7words)4. Howdoothercountriestreatfires?(Nomorethan19words)5. Doesyourschoolhassomefirepreventionmeasurestakenforthestudentssafetyandifsoexplainbrieflyhowthemeasureworks?(Nomorethan35words)Pa

21、ssage5Today,duetonumerousmedicalandscientificadvances,peoplearelivingIongerthaneverbefore.Butyouhavetobegoodtoyourbody,mind,andsoul.Thefollowingtipsare_a_goodstartforgettingyouonyourwaytolivingalongandhealthylife.Eatabalaneeddiet-onethatisrichinfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,andfiberandlowinsaturated

22、fat,transfat,andcholesterol.Awell-balaneeddietcanprovideyourbodywiththeessentialnutrientsneededtoachieveandmaintainoptimum(最佳的)health.Bephysicallyactive-trytoincorporate30minutesofactivityintoyourday,everyday.Theoptionsareendless;startwalkingonthebeachinthemornings,tryjoggingwithafriend,orgoforabike

23、rideintheafternoons.Makesureyouchooseactivitiesthatyouenjoy,thatwayyou'llbemorelikelytomakethemahabit.Getregularpreventivecheck-ups-seeyourdoctorregularly;rememberyourdoctorisyourpartnerinhealthcare.Byhavingregularcheck-ups,youmaybeabletocatchsmallproblemsbeforetheybecomebigones.Besafe-usecommon

24、senseandbestreetsmart(适应都市生活的).Don'tputyourselfinsituationsthatarequestionable.Alwayswearyourseatbeltandbikehelmet.Don'tgoforarun,walk,orjogatnightbyyourself.Keepyourhomewelllitandfreeofthingsthatcouldmakeyoufall.Stayintouchwithfamilyandfriends-gettoknowyourneighbors.Takethetimetobeinvolvedw

25、ithyourcommunity.Bycreatingastrongsocialnetwork,youwillnotonlyhavefriendstocelebratewithwhengoodthingshappen,butalsoasupportsystemindifficulttimes.Keepapositiveattitude-studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveapositiveattitudetendtoliveIonger,andleadhealthierandhappierlives.Trytofindthehumorinlife.Andremem

26、bertolaugh.1. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?(Nomorethan10words.)2. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“ips"inEnglish(Nomorethan5words)3. Whydoweneedtogetregularcheck-ups?(Nomorethan10words.)4. Whatshouldyoupayattentiontowhendoingactivities?(Nomorethan15words.)5. Whatshouldyoudotokeepapositive

27、attitude?(Nomorethan10words.)Passage6Theworld'sfirstsubwaywasbuiltinLondonin1863.Atthetime,thegovernmentwaslookingforawaytoreducetrafficproblemsinthecityofLondon.Thepoorareasofthecityweresocrowdedwithpeoplethatitwasalmostimpossibleforhorsecarriages(thetaxisofthosedays)togetaround.Thecityofficial

28、swereinterestedintryingtomakeitpossibleforworkerstoliveoutsideofLondonandtraveleasilytoworkeachday.Ifpeoplehadacheapandconvenientwaythattheycoulddependontogettoandfromwork,theywouldrelocatetheirhomesoutsideofthecity.ThiswouldhelpeasethepressureoftoomanypeoplelivinginthepoorpartsofLondon.Fromthesepro

29、blems,theideaoftheLondonUnderground,thefirstsubwaysystem,wasborn.TheplansforbuildingtheUndergroundmetwithseveralproblemsanddelays,butthefirsttrackwasfinallyopenedinJanuary1863.Asteamtrainpulledthecarsalongthefirstundergroundtrackwhichwassixkilometers(3.7miles)long.About30,000peoplegotonthesubwaythef

30、irstday.Ridersweretreatedtocomfortableseats(standingupwhilethetrainwasmovingwasnotallowed)andpleasantdecorationsinsideeachofthecars.However,thesmokefromtheenginesoonfilledtheairinthetunnelswithashandsoot(烟灰),aswellaschemicalgases.Fanshadtobeputinthetunnelslatertokeeptheaircleanenoughforpeopletobreat

31、he.Evenwithitsproblems,ridingtheUndergrounddidbecomepopular.Itcarriedninemillionridersinitsfirstyear.ModernsubwayshavecomealongwaysincetheearlydaysoftheLondonUnderground.Todaythereare94largeundergroundrapidtransitsystemsaroundtheworld.ThebusiestofthesesubwaysystemsistheTokyoMetrowhichopenedin1927.Th

32、isefficientsubwayhastwobillionridersperyear,and“pushers”workontheplatformsduringbusytraffichourstohelppushridersontotrains.Attimes,subwaycarshavebeenpackedwithupto300people!ShoppingmallsbuiltinhightrafficstationswhereridersmovefromonetraintoanotherhavealsohelpedthepopularityofsubwaysinTokyo.Stations

33、likethefamousGinzaSugoEkiGinzaConsolidatedStationincludeundergrounddepartmentstore,supermarkets,restaurants,andspecialtyshops.Shoppersneverhavetogoaboveground!1. Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(Nomorethan10words)2. WhatproblemsledtheBritishgovernmenttobuildtheLondonUnderground?(Nomorethan15words)3

34、. Accordingtothepassage,whydidfirstLondonsubwayneedfansinthetunnels?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin20words)4. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseattimes"inEnglish.(Nomore5words)5. Whataretheadvantagesofsubwayaccordingtoyouropinion?(Nomorethan10words)Passage7Technologyistheapplicationofknowledgeto

35、production.Thankstomoderntechnology,wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica,moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanh

36、avecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous,bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespanviamedicaltechnology.WillmankindcontinuetoliveIongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Inlargemeasuretheanswerdependsontechnologyandour

37、abilitytouseitwidely.Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theadvancementoftechnologydependsuponresearchanddevelopment,andthelateststatisticsshowthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtopumpbillionsofdollarsannuallyintosuchefforts.Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarcereso

38、urceswemaywellfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprograms.Therefore,inthefinalanalysisthethreemajorfactorsofproduction(land,laborandcapital)areallinflueneedbytechnology.Whenweneednewskillsontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Asequ

39、ipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbeinvented.Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving.1. Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan10words.)2. PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseEutdown"inEnglish.3. Accordingtothepassage,inwhatwaycanweliveIonger?(Nomorethan1

40、0words.)4. Accordingtothepassage,howcanwefindtechnologicalsubstitutesinthefuture?(Nomorethan15words)5. Whatdoyouthinkpeoplecanbenefitfromthetechnology?(Nomorethan20words.)Passage8Letchildrenjudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime:ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalk

41、ing.HenoticesathousandtimesadaythediffereneebetweentheIanguageheusesandtheIanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehisIanguagelikeotherpeople's.Inthesameway,childrenlearningtodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicyclecomparet

42、heirownperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachaneetofindouthismistakesandcorrectthemforhimself.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeuniessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectituniesshewasmadeto.Lethimworkout,withtheh

43、elpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whattheansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamatterofrightanswer,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscienee,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpaper.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimetosuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechil

44、dwhenhetellsusthathecan'tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.1. Accordingtothepassage,howdoesachildlearntospeakcorrectly?(Nomorethan10words)2. Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebes

45、twayforchildrentolearnthings?(Nomorethan10words)3. Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldteachersdoinschool?(Nomorethan10words)4. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseworkout”“inEnglsh.(Nomorethan5words)5. Accordingtothepassagewhydoteachersseldomgivestudentschaneetocorrecttheirownmistakes?(Thereasonshouldbeansw

46、eredwithinnomorethan20words)Passage9Thediamondisthehardestnaturalsubstaneeintheworld.Whatcausesthissuper-hardness?Pressureandheataretheanswers.Thepressurehastobeclosetotwomillionpounds.That'spersquareinch.Muchheatisrequiredtoo.Expertssayover5,000degrees.Tomakeadiamond,onemorethingisneeded.Thisis

47、blackcarbon.Pressure,heat,andcarboncombine.Theycreateasparklingdiamond.Theverybestarecolorless.Palebluestones-veryrare-arehighqualitytoo.Wheredomostdiamondscomefrom?Over97percentcomefromAfrica.ThefirstdiamondinAfricawasnotfoundbyminers.Childrenfoundit,in1866.Theywereplayinginashallowstream.Onepicked

48、up"aprettypebble".The"pebble"(鹅卵石)wasplacedonthemantelofthefireplace.Itwassoonforgotten.Muchlater,aguestnoticedthesparkle.Heurgedthefarmertohavethestonelookedat.Hedid.Hetookittoanexpertintown.The"pebble"provedtobeadiamondworth$2,500.Thatwasasmallfortuneinthosedays.Today

49、,theminesinAfricahaveproducedover1billiondollarsworthofdiamonds.NotalldiamondsarefoundinAfrica.Brazilwasabigproducerinearliertimes.Thefamousgem(宝石)theStaroftheSouthwasfoundinBrazilin1853.ThegemthePresidentVargaswasfoundmorerecentlyinBrazil.Thiswasin1938.Apoorprospector(采矿者)foundthestone.ItwasintheSa

50、nAntonioRiver.Itweighed726.6carats.Themansoldthestonefor$10,000toalocalbroker.Thebrokeralmostimmediatelyresoldit.Hegotabout$425,000.1. Accordingtothepassage,howwasadiamondformed?(Nomorethan15words)2. Howdidthefirstdiamondfind?(Nomorethan15words)3. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraselookedat”"riEng

51、lish.(Nomorethan5words)4. Inwhichpartoftheworldarediamondsmostlyfoundaccordingtothepassage?5. Howmanyfamousgemswerementionedinthepassage?Andwhataretheirnames?Passage10FormostAmericans,acleanglassofwaterisjustafaucet(水龙头)away.Butformanyoftheworld'spoorestpeople,it'shardtoget.OnWednesday,theUn

52、itedNations(UN)markedWorldWaterDaybytryingtocutthenumberofpeoplewithoutgooddrinkingwateronebillionhumanbeingsworldwide-nhalf.Inthenexttenyears,theUNwillworkwithgovernmentsaroundtheworldtoreducetheshortage.Withoutcleanwaternearby,manypeopleusewaterthatisnotclean.InIndia,manypeoplebatheandwashtheirclo

53、thesinriversthatarepollutedbyhumanwaste.AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生设施)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear.“Thelinksbetweenwaterandhumanhealtharepowerful,”aidDrLeeJongWook,director-generaloftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).“Wecannotlivewithoutcleanwater.”Infact,theInte

54、rnationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear'Asiantsunamihadstoppeddisease.Theagencyprovidedcleanwatertonearly500,000peopleinIndonesiaandSriLankaafterthetsunami.WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993.Sincethen,itiscelebratedeachyearonMarch22.1. Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage

55、?(Nomorethan10words)2. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“cutinhalf”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)3. Whycan'tmanypeopleintheworldgetcleanwater?(Nomorethan15words)4. Whatisthepurposeofthewritertomentionthetsunamiinparagraph6.(Nomorethan15words)5. WhatisthereasontocelebrateWorldWaterDay?(Thereasonshou

56、ldbeansweredwithin20words)Passage11Wetriedsohardtomakethingsbetterforourkid'sthatwemadethemworse.Formygrandchildren,I'dknowbetter.rdreallylikeforthemtoknowabouthand-me-downclothesandhome-madeice-cream.Ireallywould.Mycherishedgrandson,Ihopeyoulearnhumility(谦虚)bysurvivingfailureandthatyoulearn

57、tobehonestevenwhennooneislooking.Ihopeyoulearntomakeyourbedandwashthecar-andIhopenobodygivesyouabrand-newcarwhenyouaresixteen.Itwillbegoodifatleastonetimeyoucanseeababycalfborn,andyouhaveagoodfriendtobewithyouifyoueverhavetoputyourolddogtosleep.Ihopeyougetablackeyefightingforsomethingyoubelievein.Ih

58、opeyouhavetoshareabedroomwithyouryoungerbrother.Anditisallrighttodrawalinedownthemiddleoftheroom,butwhenhewantstocrawlunderthecoverswithyoubecausehe'sscared,Ihopeyou'lllethim.AndwhenyouwanttoseeaDisneymovieandyourkidbrotherwantstotagalong,Ihopeyoutakehim.Ihopeyouhavetowalkuphillwithyourfrien

59、dsandthatyouliveinatownwhereyoucandoitsafely.ThesethingsIwishforyou-toughtimesanddisappointment;hardworkandhappiness.1. Accordingtothepassage,whomwillbetheletterwrittento?(Nomorethan5words)2. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrasehand-me-ddwnclothes”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)3. Whydoesthewritermeanbysaying"Ihopenobodygivesyouabrand-newcarwhenyouaresixteen.”(Nomorethan20words)4. Inparagraph7,whatisthepurposeofthewriterbysaying“hopey