2018高考英语考试大纲

1、2018高考考试大纲(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音考核目标与要求(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、 词汇、 语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录 1至附录 5 )，要求词汇量为3500左右。二、语言运用1 听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：( 1 )理解主旨要义；( 2 )获取具体的、事实性信息；( 3 )对所听内容做出推断；( 4 )理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2阅读要求考生能读懂书、 报、 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、 说明、 广告等， 并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：( 1 )理解主旨要义；( 2 )理解文

2、中具体信息；( 3 )根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；( 4 )做出判断和推理；( 5 )理解文章的基本结构；( 6 )理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：( 1 )清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；( 2 )有效运用所学语言知识。4口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：( 1 ) 询问或传递事实性信息， 表达意思和想法；( 2 )做到语音、语调自然；( 3 )做到语言运用得体；( 4 )使用有效的交际策略。3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重

3、音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词附录 1 语音项目表6. 形容词 (比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)

4、 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时(11) 被动语态(12) 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式(13) 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写(14) 句子种类(1)

5、 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句(15) 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语(16) 简单句的基本句型(17) 主谓一致(18) 并列复合句(19) 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录 3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢

6、(Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes andcongratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15)

7、 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties incommunication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(25) 肯定和不肯定(26) 可能和不可能(27) 能够和不能够(Agreement an

8、d disagreement)(Likes and dislikes)(Certainty and uncertainty) (Possibility and impossibility) (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与

9、评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间

10、(Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量

11、(Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录 4 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、

12、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays andcelebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食

13、(Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世 界 与 环 境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science andmodern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and g

14、eography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability n able a abnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a& adabroad adabrupt a absencenabsent aabsolute aabsorb vadaptation n add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v

15、 adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt v adore v adult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair n affect v affection n afford v afraid a Africa n African a &am

16、p; n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again ad against prep age n agency n agenda n agent n aggressive a ago ad agree v agreement nabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a & nacademy naccelerate vaccent naccept vaccessn & vaccessible aaccident naccommodation na

17、ccompany v accomplish vaccount naccountant naccumulate vaccuracy n accurate aaccuse vaccustomed aache v & nachieve vachievement nacid aacknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisemen

18、t nadapt vambassadressn ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample a amuse v amusement n analysev analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient a and conj anecdote n anger n angle n angry a animal n ankle n anniversary n announce vannoy v annual aanother a &p

19、ronAntarctic aantique n anxiety n anxious a any pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & nagricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline

20、 nairmail nalbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & nalgebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud adalphabet nalready ad alsoad alternative aalthough conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium (Am aluminum) n always

21、ad am v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbramateur aamaze vamazing aambassador nash n ashameda Asia nAsian a & n aside ad ask v asleep a aspect n assessv assessmentn assist v assistancen assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athle

22、te n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract v attraction n attractive a audience n aunt n authentic a author n authority n automatic a autonomous aappear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v &am

23、p; n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate aapproval napprove v approximately ad apron n arbitrary a arch n architect n architecture n Arctic a are v(be) area nargue v argument n arise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic n

24、 arm n & v armchair n army n around ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest v arrival n arrive v arrow n art n article n artificial a artist n as ad,conj& prepautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBb

25、aby nbachelor nback ad,a& nbackground nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(plbacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v &

26、; nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecauseconjbecome(b

27、ecame,become) vbed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) vbehalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) nbehind prep & ad being n belief n believe vbell nbelly n belong v below prep belt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n & v

28、bent a & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle n bid v & n big a bike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology n bird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop n bit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame

29、 n & v blank n & a blanket nbleed v bless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany n b

30、oth a &pron bother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary n bow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing n boy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbri

31、degroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) vbroad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast -ed,-ed) vbrochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burn

32、t,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(plbusinessmen/ women) n busy a but conj& prep butcher n & v butter n butterfly n button n & v buy(bought,bought) v by prep bye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage n cake n calculate v call n & v calm a

33、& v camel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign n can1(could); can t=cannomt odal vcan2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & v careful a careless a carpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot ncarry v c

34、artoon n carve v casen cash n & v cassetten cast(cast,cast) v castle n casual a cat n catalogue n catastrophe n catch(caught,caught) v category n cater vCatholic a cattle n cause n & v caution n cautious a cave nCD=compact disk n ceiling n celebrate v celebration n cell n cent n centigrade a

35、 centimetre (Am centimeter) n central a centre(Am center) n century n ceremony n certain a certificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(plchairmen/women) n chalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance nchange n & v changeable a channel n chant v & n chaos nchapter n character ncharacteri

36、stic a & ncharge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & v cheek ncheer n & v cheerful a cheers int cheesen chef nchemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess n chest n chew v chicken n chief a & nchild( plchildren) n childhood n chocolate n c

37、hoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) vchopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw n

38、clay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat ncocoa n coffee n coin n coincidence n coke n cold a & n collar n colleague n collect v collecti

39、on n college n collision n colour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine v come(came,come) v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n co

40、mpare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & vconsume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience

41、n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v coun

42、t v counter n country n countryside n couple ncomplex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory acomputer nconcentrate vconcept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a conf

43、idential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience nconsensusn consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultan

44、t ncourage ndam ncourse ndamage n & vcourt ndamp a & ncourtyard ndance n & vcousin ndanger ncover n & vdangerous acow ndare v & modal vcrash v & ndark a & ncrayon ndarkness ncrazy adash v & ncream ndata ncreate vdatabasencreature ndate n & vcredit ndaughter ncrew

45、ndawn ncrime nday ncriminal ndead acriterion( pl criteria) ndeadline ncrop ndeaf across n & vdeal ncrossing ndear acrossroads ndeath ncrowd n & vdebate n & vcruel adebt ncry n & vdecade ncube ndecide vcubic adecision ncuisine ndeclare vculture ndecline vcup ndecorate vcupboard ndecor

46、ation ncure n & vdecreasevcurious adeed ncurrency ndeep a & adcurriculum ndeer ncurtain ndefeat vcushion ndefence(Am defense) ncustom ndefend vcustomer ndegree ncustoms ndelay n & vcut(cut,cut) v & ndelete v & ncycle vdeliberately addelicate acyclist ndelicious adad=daddy ndeligh

47、t ndaily a,ad& ndelighted adimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide n dip v diploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v

48、discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n diseasen disgusting adish ndisk=disc ndislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive vdiverse a divide vdeliver v demand v dentist n department(Dept.) n departure n depend v

49、deposit v & n depth n describe v description n desert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & n desk n desperatea dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote v devotion n diagram n dial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond n diary n dictation n dic

50、tionary n die v diet n differ v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n dilemma ndivision n divorce v dizzy a do(did,done) v doctor n document n dog n doll n dollar n donate v door n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down pr

51、ep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen n Dr=doctor n draft n & v drag v draw(drew,drawn) v drawback n drawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & v drill n & v drink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & v drug n drum n

52、drunk a dry v & a duck n due a dull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic a dynasty n E each a &pron eager a eagle n ear n early a & ad earn v earth n earthquake n east a,ad& n Easter n eastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology

53、n edge n edition n editor n educate v education n educator n effect n effort negg neggplant neither a,conj& ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant n else ad e-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy v empty a encourage v en

54、couragement n end n & v ending n endless aenemy n energetic a energy n engine n engineer n enjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry n envelope n environment n envy v & n equal a & v equality n e

55、quip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt v escape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution n exact a exam=examination

56、 n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition n exist v existence n exit nexpand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme aeye n eyesight n F face n & v facial a fact n fa