职称英语真题-卫生类A级2010年

1、2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类（ A 级）第 1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题 1 分，共 15分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A private B special C generalD good2. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. A attractB encourageC spend D require3. Steep

2、 stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A evidence B caseC danger D picture4. The project required ten years of diligent research. A scientificB basicC. socialD. hardworking5. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A. breakB. close C.sell D.combine6. He demolished my a

3、rgument in minutes.A. disproved B.accepted C.disputed D.supported7. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A similarB politeC. usual D bad8. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A. moderateB. equalC. greatD. immediate9. Hewas rather vague

4、about the reasons why he never finished school.A. unclearB. badC. brightD. general10. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A. criticalB. necessaryC. normalD. terrible11. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, which is driving me mad.A. generateB. measureC. tolerateD. re

5、duce12. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. humorousB. boringC. longD. original13. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. freeB. regularC. physicalD. energetic14. Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A. reliefB. doubtC. conf

6、usionD. failure15. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A. doubtB. angerC. loveD. surprise第 2 部分：阅读判断（第1622题，第题 1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B ；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Retirement Brings Most a Big Health BoostThe self-reported health of the

7、 newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new European study suggests.This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority-only 2 percent-who had experienced "ideal" conditions in their working life, anyway."The results really say three things

8、: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largelyrelieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor," said Hugo Westerlund,leadauthor of a study published onl

9、ine Nov. 9 in The Lancet. "This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern of their health and well-being. "But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at S

10、tockholm University in Sweden"not all olderworkers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. "Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept be

11、tter after retirement than before. "Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health, "Westerlund said.This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health up t

12、o seven yearspre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement.Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19. 2 percent in the year prior

13、 to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the

14、 first seven years of not punching the clock.Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found.16. Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Older

15、workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The study analyze

16、d the participants' perception of their own health in a certain period.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The participants came from various countries in Europe.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第

17、 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务： (1) 第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第14 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题； (2) 第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Parkinson's DiseaseI Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, th

18、ese nerve cellsmake an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺 ). Dopamine sendssignals to the part of your brain that controls movements. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough d

19、opamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to

20、lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremoroften starts in just one armor leg or on

21、ly on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It mayget better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affectsmuscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like troubleswallowing or constipation (便秘 ). In

22、 the laterstagesof the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or lank expression, trouble speaking, andother problems. Some people have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control

23、 the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.23. Paragraph 1.24. Paragraph 2.25. Paragraph 3.26. Paragraph 4.A. Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseB. Tips for Patients with the DiseaseC. Common Treatment for the DiseaseD. Defini

24、tion of Parkinson's DiseaseE. Possible causes of the DiseaseF. Typical Symptoms of the Disease27. You'll find it hard to move the way you want to.28. A lot of research is being done to find out.29. Oneof themost common signs ofParkinson's is tremor.30. A person with Parkinson's has t

25、o learn to live with the disease.A. what affects muscles all through your bodyB. if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC. which cannot be cured yetD. which may be the first symptom you noticeE. if you have a fixed or blank expressionF. what causes Parkinson's disease第 4 部分 : 阅读理解 ( 第 31

26、45题，每题 3 分,共 45 分 )下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。第一篇Do Patients Trust Doctors Too MuchEarlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or

27、 less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worryabout the costsor complications of anoperation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years nev

28、er reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated.Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average,about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about tosubmit toor the surgeonwho wields (支配 ) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the a

29、nswers they receive from their surgeons or primary caredoctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency forpatients notto get particularly involved and no

30、t to feel compelled to look intotheir surgery or surgeons."He told me.There areconsequences tothat kind of blind trust. "Today,medicine and surgery are really team sports." Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient, asthe ultimate decision maker , is the most important member of the

31、 team.Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. "In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simplyentail good bedside manners and responsible office managementon the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to

32、the relationshipeducated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment."If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the US,"Dr.Russell said,"everybody has to participate actively and must educatethemselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care profess

33、ionals, lawyers pharmaceutical (制药的 ) companies, and insurance companies. Butmost of all, it means the patient."Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, whowas among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed ,knowledge is power.31. According to the

34、author, patients should spend more time .A. researching the American College of SurgeonsB. researching their surgery or surgeonsC. researching new carsD. researching job changes32. Nowadays patients seem to have.A. too much trust in their doctorsB. too much information about their doctorsC. too litt

35、le faith in their doctorsD. a healthy relationship with their doctors33. Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which .A. patients and doctors play equally important rolesB. the patient does not have an active role to playC. doctors have the final say in almost everythingD. the patient h

36、as the most important role to play34. It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship .A. is dependent just on the doctorB. is a goal that can be achievedC. entails any effort on the part of the patientD. is what the patient truly desires35. The author does NOT believe in.A. lots of

37、scientific dataB. Francis BaconC. blind trustD. too much knowledge第二篇CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules (小结节 ) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchersreported on Wednesday.The findings reported in the New England Journal o

38、f Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. Theycould also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) found.Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnos

39、ed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths,often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.High-tech (高技术的 ) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors-bu

40、t they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一团 ) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检 ), a dangerous procedure.At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are cal

41、led back for further testing.Good guideline could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Robvan Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.The team looked at7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer becausethey w

42、ere current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋 ) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of4.6mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testin

43、g. Of the 196 people who fell into that category,70 were found to have lung cancer， 10 additional cases were found yearslater.But of the 7, 361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.In a second round of screening doneone year after the first, 1.8 percent were

44、 sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large orfast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer, you probably don't,the researcher said. "The chances of finding lungcancerone and twoye

45、arsafter a negative first-round testwere l in l,000 and 3 in l,000 respectively, " they concluded.36. The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules.A. you cannot be too carefulB. cancer is just matter of timeC. a biopsy is unnecessaryD. more aggressive testing is a

46、must37. Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?A. Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.B. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.C. 159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year.D. It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.38. According to the

47、passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening .A. are a little bit too costlyB. do not exist yetC. are being implementedD. have been developed39. All the following statements are true EXCEPT.A. a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodulesB. almost all those with

48、 large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancerC. all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancerD. most of the volunteers tested negative during screening40. In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph.A. are somewhat inaccurateB. are pretty smallC.

49、 are rather highD. are quite unbelievable第三篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy, high up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent,

50、 but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and theremains of some clothes. The

51、 hands were still holding the wooden handle ofan ax andon the feet therewere very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people th

52、ought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, sinceseveral soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swisswoman believed it might be her father, who had died in thosemountains twentyyears before and whose body had never been found. The scientists wh

53、o rushed to look atthe body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 BC, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was pro

54、bably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almostcertainly died fr

55、om thiswound, and not from the woundon the backof his head. This means that hewas probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part ofa larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandithimself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a

56、great deal from the iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know thefull story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the historyof those distant times.41. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because .A. the melted ice made him visibleB. he was just on a

57、 mountain passC. two Germans were climbing the mountainsD. he was lying on the ice42. What can be inferred from paragraph2?A. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.B. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C. The Iceman was killing while working.D. The Iceman lived a poor life.43. Al