科技英语课后题答案

1、第一单元 Text AEx. 3 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. DEx. 41. organic2. originate3. decompose4. rearrangement5. overlain6. prospector7. inflammable8. substantial9. complication10. consumptionEx. 51. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. D11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. B

2、 18. A 19. B 20. DEx. 61.sedimentary rocks2. petroleum reserves 3. internal combustion engines4. the boiling point 5. fatty substance6.少量7. 源自8. 易燃蒸汽9.地质结构10. 在领土Ex. 81. As is known to all, water consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. 2. The myriads of living creatures beneath the sea form the color

3、ful underground world. 3. It is impossible to be dependent on import to develop our national economy. 4. Fuel derived from municipal waste can not only generate electricity but also provide heat.5. Whatever obstacles we might meet, we will carry through this experiment. Text BEx. 1 1. F 2. T 3. T 4.

4、 F 5. T Ex. 21. initiative 2. convert 3. conventional 4. subtract 5. withstand6. residential 7. option 8. renewable 9. regulate 10. generateEx. 41. 尽管可再生能源通常比传统能源更昂贵，但是替代能源有助于减少污染、保护矿物燃料。2. 与其他可再生能源相比，风能更具有竞争力，其每千瓦时的价格比传统能源低4美分。3. 利用风能的最新趋势之一就是建设海上风力发电厂，在风力较大的敞水带建造一组组的发电涡轮。4. 如果该投票表决能够通过，电力公司将能够给房主提

5、供更多折扣，鼓励他们使用可再生能源。5.地热泵系统,也称为低热交换系统，采用这种相对恒定的温度保证家中的室温维持在舒适的温度。Text CEx. 1 1. The scramble for minerals and oil, for new under water empires.2. Varieties of living things, minerals and oil, possible source of pure water and protein, or even a possible habitat for human being.3. Damage to the natural

6、 environment and pollution of the ocean waters4. Use it to illustrate the wealth of sea resources are more attractive to people than the gold in the gold rush.5. The use of seas for farming techniques.6. The reefs and seamounts attach to the seabed on the continental shelf, and are, therefore, under

7、 U.S. jurisdiction.第二单元 Key to Text AEx. 11. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B Ex. 2 Para. 1 (1) a cozy fireside chat (2) an intimidating interrogation supposedly designed to test your ability to cope with stress Para. 2 (1) they have become part of a multilayered quasi-scientific selection process(2) they are

8、increasingly likely to be conducted by managers trained in complex psychological techniques(3) they are also becoming high techPara. 5 (1) aptitude test(2) personality questionnaires(3) evaluation at assessment centersPara 11-14 (1) you can expect the interview to be a “structured” event(2) an incre

9、asing number of interviews are also “situational”(3) interviews are becoming a lot less formalEx. 3 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. BEx. 41. assess2. management3. rigorous4. informal5. standard6. attached7. predetermined 8. execution 9. recruiting 10. consultEx. 51. C 2. B 3. A 4. D

10、 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. DEx. 61. employment market 2. video conferencing technology3. job interview 4. 十有八九5. 能力测试 6. 招聘方法Ex. 71. 当然，倒也不会走向另一个极端，成为为了检验你应对压力的能力而进行的令人生畏的询问。2. 精明的现代企业已经明白，雇员选择不当是要付出代价的，因此，面试已经成为多层面，半科学化式的挑选程序的一部分，并且越来越可能

11、由经过高级心理技术培训的经理人员来进行。3. 你到了参加最后面试这一阶段，说明公司已经认为你能胜任这项工作，你有九成把握留下来了。4. 在当今的求职市场中，面试都是 “精心策划”的，也就是说，每一个求职者都将被问及事先确定的相同问题，而不是由面试小组成员随心所欲提出问题。5. 这种标准化做法旨在为比较求职者提供更可靠的依据，减少种族和性别偏见。Ex. 81. Inexperienced she was, she could cope with the difficulties wonderfully well.2. We must make the best of the few natura

12、l resources we have.3. In terms of money, hes quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.4. Her parents had told me never to speak to their daughter again, so I knew that I was running the gauntlet when I telephoned her to arrange a meeting.5. Nine times out of ten our opponents will beat us. We just

13、 hope this is the one in ten.Key to Text BEx. 1 1. Body language, conversation and voice are three of the most important aspects of a first impression.2. People decide many things about you within 10 seconds of seeing youusually before you even open your mouth.3. Every entrepreneur should

14、have in mind a “verbal business card”a quick, 30-word summary of who you are and what you can do. Focus on benefits for the other person rather than job titles or even company names.4. Simple conversational skills are the key to a successful first meeting. Prepare in advance, then just try to forget

15、 yourself. Remember that its about the other personthats the best possible way to make a positive first impression.5. Yes, it is important. In every conversation, at least one appreciative remark should be included. Praise the other persons business acumen, charity work, or even her taste in shoes.

16、As long as the appreciation is brief, sincere, and specific, the feeling will be remembered long after the words are forgotten.6. The most common problem is speed-talking. It dilutes the message and makes the speaker sound anxious.Ex. 21. tough 2. priority 3. budget 4. verbal 5. critical6. maintain

17、7. dilute 8. accessible 9. perceive 10. demonstrateEx. 31. 第一印象2. 内部预映3. 慈善事业4. 数据转储5. 口头的商业名片6. 畅销书作者7. 削减8. 用打卡机记录下班时间9. 中伤别人10. 在控制之下A. shoot oneself in the footB. data dumpingC. clock outD. first impressionE. charity workF. trade showG. in controlH. verbal business cardI. cut to the boneJ. bests

18、elling authorEx. 41 经济艰难时期，广告的预算已经降到最低，而诸如面对面的营销则变得空前重要。2 尽管每一个人的形象非常的复杂和独特， Bjorseth说企业家可以通过关注一些简单的、非语言的事项来使自己显得自信和泰然。3 相反的， 通过让你的双脚之间有6-8英寸的距离， 一只脚在另一支脚的前面一种能够让你感到踏实和信心的姿态来“申明”你在房间里的位置。4 局促不安是让自己败下阵来的最为快捷的方式。5 说话单调的企业家会被认为是缺少激情，而讲话声音过小则可能会被认为是没有信心。 Key to Text CEx. 1 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 第三单元

19、Key to Text AEx. 3 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A Ex. 41. extemporaneously2. mobility3. download4. bulky5. irreducible 6. database7. galaxy8. server9. phoneme, phoneme10. Simultaneous Ex. 51. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. B

20、 18. A 19. C 20. D Ex. 61. multiple users 2. virtual assistant3. human-machine interface 4. speech synthesizer5. 实时 6. 信息检索7. 飞机飞行时刻表 8. 天气预报 Ex. 71. 传统的语音识别技术（把声音信号转换成数字信号）必须得到“语言理解”软件的补充、支持。这样计算机才能掌握话语的意义。2. 如果忽略从网上下载时耽搁的话，这些系统几乎可以同步地答复人们的咨询就像两个人之间的对话一样快。3. 为了最大程度地猜对句子的含义，“银河系”要利用另外一个叫“蒂娜”的服务器，“蒂娜

21、”会应用基本的语法规则把句子解析成各个部分：主语、谓语、宾语等等。4. 又一个叫“创世纪”的服务器把语义结构转换成一个为数据库编排的问题，数据库里有所需要的信息。系统通过分析用户的问题来决定搜寻哪一数据库。5. 自从1997年五月以来，“朱庇特”已经接了30,000多个电话。从用户的第一时间的问询中，80%的问题得到了正确的理解。 Ex. 81. Speech is flexiblewe do not have to touch or see anything to carry on a conversation.2. AT&T Bell Labs pioneered the use

22、of speech-recognition systems for telephone transactions.3. The system can handle multiple users simultaneously, and last but not least, it is mobile.4. If you also have an Internet connection, you can tell the machine to download data to your computer.5. At this point, Galaxy is ready to search for

23、 answers. Key to Text B Ex. 21. simulation2. emanate3. unprecedented4. integral5. versatile 6. oriented7. dissipated8. execution9. constraints10. domain Ex. 41. 在二战期间，美国需要快速的计算机器，用以制作各类枪炮射弹的飞行轨迹图表，同时为了对第一颗原子弹的设计作模拟，这就促使自动的计算机器数字式计算机的诞生。2. 计算机制造厂家很快就把这一新发明用于改进他们的计算机，使它们具有突出的优点体积小、重量轻、功耗小、寿命长、速度快。3. 随

24、着微电子学和激光技术的发展，在制造IC产品中光处理的精度已保证硅芯片表面上的条纹宽度可以窄到10微米。4. 程序编制人员不得不在操作员的控制台面板上直接运作他们的程序，利用纸带、卡片或面板上的开关把程序加载到存储器里，盯着面板上的指示灯，监控它的运行；如果有什么错误发生，还要排除程序上的错误。5. 为了弥补这一差距，需要编译程序把用高级编程语言编写的程序翻译成为计算机能执行的机器码。 Key to Text CEx. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T第四单元 练习答案Key to Text AEx. 11. B 2. A 3.

25、 D 4. B 5. D Ex. 2 Para. 1-3 Garbage problems in the U.S. and around world.Para. 4-13 Ways to make garbage disappear with the help of technology and changes in attitudes and lifestyles. Section I: TechnologyA. Recycling and resource sharing: biotechnology (Para. 4-8) Natures garbage-free ways (Para.

26、 4) Eco-industrial park (Para. 5) Biotechnology (Para. 6) Recycling (Para. 7-8) B. A whole new kind of manufacturing process: nanotechnology (Para. 9-11) Section II: Changes in attitudes and lifestyles (Para. 12-13) Ex. 3 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D Ex. 41. innovation 2. forgi

27、ve 3. dispose 4. precedent 5. recycled 6. refinery 7. conversion 8.ecological 9. barely 10. speculateEx. 51. D 2. C3. B 4. B5. A 6. A7. B 8. A 9. A10. A11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. BEx. 61. genetic engineering 2. organic solvents3. raw material 4. sulfur dioxide5. 垃圾填埋 6

28、. 旧物销售 7. 信息时代 8. 铅化合物Ex. 71. 无论是谁说过“勤俭节约，吃穿不缺”，对两亿七千六百万美国人都没有很大的影响。2. 随着我们对更易利用的原料的开发，废物再循环会有更好的势头。3. 在这个几乎涵盖了各种科学和工程学科的新兴行业，研究者们希望通过由小到大，原子到原子，分子到分子的顺序制造出产品。4. 研究者们在制造分子大小的晶体管和电线，甚至在制造电池方面已经取得了进展，可以制造犹如该句句号的几千分之一大小的电池。5. 当这种观念为世人所接受，第三个千年的人们就可以回过头来，把他们以前曾经制造废物看作年轻时的一个可以原谅的错误。Ex. 81. Health problem

29、s cannot be ignored, otherwise they might translate into learning difficulties.2. The oil refinery converts crude oil into gasoline, kerosene and other related products.3. I really dont see the value in doing this entire project over from scratch.4. School education chiefly puts value on knowledge a

30、cquisition while home education focuses on moral education.5. The girl selling ice cream was able to turn the hot weather to her advantage. Key to Text BEx. 1 1. They should try their best to reduce the adverse environmental impact.2. They are eco-friendly and can significantly reduce environmental

31、impact.3. Governments and official bodies have enacted tougher legislation to control pollution.4. The problem is dealing with potentially toxic wastewater on offshore structures.5. Phoenix is a new offshore wastewater process solution, used to treat virtually all kinds of oily, contaminated water f

32、rom any offshore oil and operation.6. They are not economical. Ex. 21. obligation 2. hazardous 3. urges 4. adverse 5. discharge6. ethical 7. collaboration 8. acutely 9. snowball 10. inadequate Ex. 41. 在这里开展钻井工作意味着开发者必须尽他们最大的努力，将对环境的不利影响降到最低。2. 这些产品起着至关重要的作用，保证许多在海上移动钻井设备、固定、浮动和海底生产设备、补给船以及专用支援船上进行的海

33、上作业操作的可靠性。3. 嘉实多的绿色油田新产品是为海上石油公司率先担当起环保职责而设计的。4. “凤凰”处理方案模块化且紧凑的优点，使得它非常适用于不断花样翻新的新式设备。5. 然而，普遍认为这些开发方案处理此类油污染水成本偏高。 Key to Text CEx. 1.T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. FUnit 6 Text AEx. 11. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C Ex. 2 Para. 1 (1): accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that co

34、ntains only a few arbitrary elements(2): make definite predictions about the results of future observationsPara. 2. an extension of the previous onesPara. 3 provide a single theory that describes the whole universePara. 3 (1): the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time (2): the questio

35、n of the initial state of the universePara. 5 (1): the general theory of relativity(2): quantum mechanicsPara. 5. a quantum theory of gravity Ex. 3 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. DEx. 41.gravitational2. unfortunately3. government4. based5. accuracy6.religious7. depend8. extremely9.

36、requires10. solvedEx. 5 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A11. A 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. AEx. 61. quantum mechanics 2. general theory of relativity 3. physical laws 4. square of the distance5. 原则上， 基本上6. 孤立地7. 一口气，一下子，一举8. 牛顿的引力理论Ex. 71. 要谈论宇宙的本质，讨论宇宙是否有起点或

37、终点这样的问题，必须弄清什么是科学理论。2. 即使某一理论与数次实验结果相一致，也绝不能断定这一理不会与下一次试验结果相矛盾。3. 要想一步登天地提出一种能描述整个宇宙的理论证明是非常困难的。4. 如果宇宙中一切根本是相互依赖的，那么孤立地研究问题的一部分也许不可能得到完备的答案。5. 另一方面，量子力学解决的问题是极小规模的现象，例如万亿亿分之一英寸。Ex. 81. They deduced this formula on the basis of many experiments. 2. He saw astronomical patterns from which he could ma

38、ke calculations and predictions.3. Generally speaking, weight should be proportional to height.4. The original road shall be widened gradually if its width is inconsistent with regulations.5. Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger

39、society. Text BEx. 1 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D Ex. 21. gaseous 2. submit 3. identified 4. comprise 5. solar6. generating 7.density 8. mean 9. dim 10. exhaustEx. 31. 类地行星2. 大气层3. 太空望远镜4. 核聚变5. 消防车6. 太阳系7. 外星生命8. 光年9. 径向速度10. 间接方法A. space telescopeB. indirect methodC. radial velocityD. Earth-like plane

40、tE. light yearF. extraterrestrial lifeG. fire engineH. solar systemI. nuclear fusionJ. atmosphere1. 如果真的有外星生命存在,那么它们必定需要有一颗可以在上面进行演化的行星。2. 新型天文望远镜及其观测技术已经直接发现了其它的外行星, 方法就是测量行星经过恒星表面时恒星亮度细微变暗的程度。3. 他们说有足够证据表明在同一星系内还存在另一颗行星, 体积为地球的8 倍, 运行周期为84 天。4. 行星表面的平均温度可能介于0到40之间, 与同地球距离最近的两个邻居金星和火星相比,这颗行星更适合人类居住

41、。5. 在此之后, 据推测太阳会变成一颗红巨星,到那时候目前构成太阳的氢会消耗殆尽, 太阳会转而燃烧氦气。 Text CEx.1 1. About 15 billion years ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the universe. This explosion is known as the Big Bang. 2. Edwin Hubble made the observation that the universe is continuously expanding and discovered that a

42、 galaxys velocity is proportional to its distance. Hubbles observations provided for the foundation of the Big Bang theory. 3. In 1964, two astronomers, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, in an attempt to detect microwaves from outer space, inadvertently discovered a noise of extraterrestrial origin. T

43、he noise did not seem to emanate from one location but instead, it came from all directions at once. It became obvious that what they heard was radiation from the farthest reaches of the universe which had been left over from the Big Bang. 4. NASAs COBE satellite has detected cosmic microwaves emana

44、ting from the outer reaches of the universe. These microwaves were remarkably uniform which illustrated the homogeneity of the early stages of the universe. However, the satellite also discovered that as the universe began to cool and was still expanding, small fluctuations began to exist due to tem

45、perature differences. These fluctuations verified prior calculations of the possible cooling and development of the universe just fractions of a second after its creation. These fluctuations in the universe provided a more detailed description of the first moments after the Big Bang. 5. Immediately

46、after the Big Bang, the universe was tremendously hot and then it began to cool, at around 10-43 seconds after creation, when there existed an almost equal yet asymmetrical amount of matter and antimatter. As these two materials are created together, they collide and destroy one another creating pur

47、e energy. Fortunately for us, there was an asymmetry in favor of matter. As a direct result of an excess of about one part per billion, the universe was able to mature in a way favorable for matter to persist. As the universe expanded further, and thus cooled, common particles began to form. These p

48、articles are called baryons and include photons, neutrinos, electrons and quarks would become the building blocks of matter and life as we know it. After the universe had cooled to about 3000 billion degrees Kelvin, a radical transition began which has been likened to the phase transition of water t

49、urning to ice. Composite particles such as protons and neutrons, called hadrons, became the common state of matter after this transition. After about one to three minutes had passed since the creation of the universe, protons and neutrons began to react with each other to form deuterium, an isotope

50、of hydrogen. Deuterium, or heavy hydrogen, soon collected another neutron to form tritium. Rapidly following this reaction was the addition of another proton which produced a helium nucleus. After further cooling, these excess protons would be able to capture an electron to create common hydrogen. C

51、onsequently, the universe today is observed to contain one helium atom for every ten or eleven atoms of hydrogen. 第七单元练习答案Key to Text AEx. 11.A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D Ex. 2 Para. 1: stereotypes and caricaturesPara. 2: in-depth knowledge of business; conceited; employees must obey them; talk fast and lo

52、ud.Para. 3: a broad but not thorough knowledge of the companys operation; insular; a lack of confidence in the abilities of subordinates; meetings are not supposed to decide anything; seldom keep promises.Para. 4 : adept at industry, finance and government; rude, haughty, jealous, eager to show off;

53、 issue orders; what they say at meetings does not count; love to talk.Para. 5: many years of technical training and high degrees; serious, formal; pull rank and give orders; meetings are conducted with great attention to order and detail; sometimes they raise voice and pound the table to intimidate

54、others into further concessions.Para. 6: flexible, paternalistic; give protection to them; meetings are not taken seriously; impressive appearance, secretive decision making;Para. 7: clever, cunning, formal, reserved, have no feelings; harmonious; they are well prepared and never improvise, do not expect any decisions