2021届课标版高考英语一轮复习第二部分专题四冠词和名词

1、专题四冠词和名词考点1不定冠词的用法典例 12019 湖 北黄冈 高三质 量检测，68Confucius wasextraordinary educator andphilosopher, and founded Confucianism.解析，句意:孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲学家，他创立了儒家学说。此处表泛指，且extraordinary 的发音以元 音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。答案* an an苣含有不定冠词的习惯搭配典例 2 Li Hua hasgood knowledge of English and this will beadvantage overothers when he

2、 looks for job.舞折'句意:李华精通英语，这将是他找工作时比别人有优势的地方。第一空用a, have a good knowledge of表示"精通"第二空用an,此处表示泛指，且advantage的发音以元音音素开头；第三空用a,表示泛指，且job的发音以辅音音素开头。邑案a; an; a不定冠词的活用 典例 3 2019 河北衡水中学高三一调 ，55splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.IWr* Hangzhou是专有名词，其前有形容词splendid修饰，且splendid的发音以辅音音

3、素开头，故此处应用不定冠词a,表示"一个极好的杭州"。注意此处冠词a应大写。答。A考点2定冠词的用法E定冠词的基本用法典区ij 4 We should treasure every moment of sincerity and gratefulness becausebestthings will be gone very easily.解析,此处表示"最好的东西很容易失去"，空后有形容词最高级best,故要用定冠词the o答案-ha the典例 5 There' s no such thing as living alone. Never

4、mind if you' reonly person in yourhouse and have no dog, no cat, and even no fish.解析,本空后面有"only+单数名词"，因此用定冠词the。答*he典区J 6 Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals" as well as Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation（ 复兴）.解析,Chinese Dream为普通名词构成的专有名词，因

5、此其前用定冠词。Y the苣含有定冠词的习惯搭配典区J 7 2019 辽宁六校高三联考，70The author shows the extreme struggle of the characters in face of hardships, and describes the truth, the good and the beauty in human nature.析卜句意:作者表现了人物面对苦难时的极端挣扎，描写了人性的真善美。in the face of为固定搭配，表示"面X寸'，故填the答翼the考点4名词的数U可数名词典区J 8 2019 河北石家庄二模，

6、69But recent(study) have shown that it might be morecommon than experts thought.解析,根据句子结构可知，所填词在句中作主语，谓语为have shown,所以主语应用复数形式。study变复数形 式时，要变-y为-i再加-es。答鼠 studies典例 9 Where did you two have your(stomach) examined?一At the doctor ' s.We were examined by two famous (German).解析,第一空指的是两个人的胃，所以stomac

7、h要用复数形式，又因为此单词中-ch的发音为/k/,所以此单词 变复数时要在后面加-s;由答语中的two可知,第二空所填词表示复数概念，German的复数形式为Germans。stomachs; Germans考点5名词所有格U-' S所有格(morning) hard work.典例 10 Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole解析'此处表示"一整个上

8、午的努力学习之后"，应填名词所有格morning 答案，morning ' s典区J 11 2019 全国 I ,69Of考查冠词的基本用法nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three aredeclining, six (are) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析.句意:在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个在增长，还有9个缺乏足够的数据。由语境可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词the o答. the.考法总结 考

9、查了定冠词表示"特指"的基本用法。语法填空和短文改错涉及定冠词和不定冠词的题目，一般 都是考查其基本用法。考法2 考查冠词的常用搭配典例 12 2018 全国 m ,62Unexpectedly, I' m face -to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.解析,句意：出人意料的是，我和那只大猩猩面对面，她开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of为固定搭配。答案。a0 the.考法总结含有冠词的某些搭配是固定的，因此考生要尽量多记一些这样的常用搭配，才能在考试中游刃

10、有余。考法3考查语境中名词的数和词形转换典例 13 2019 北京，6No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various(activity) on Earth Day.解析.句意:无论你喜欢做什么，总有一种方式可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据句意、句子结构以及空前的various可知，空处填复数名词activities,表示泛指。activities考法总结考查了名词的数。解答有关可数名词单复数的题目要注意两点：(1)名词前若有many, (a) few,several, all, various(

11、 如本题)修饰，名词要用复数形式；(2)若谓语动词为are, were, have 等，作主语的名词一般 要用复数形式。典例 14 2017 丙卷(全国 W ),46She is determined to carryon with her(educate).集折'考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词her后应用educate的名词形式，故填education。答案 education考法总结考查了词形转换(动词转换为名词，因此，考生对提示词加后缀变为名词的知识要多加关注。释疑难易混易错难点1冠词使用情况的对比典例 15 When did you last meet her?I don &#

12、39; t remember exactly ,but I ' m sure it was unforgettable Friday when I went for a walk afterwonderful lunch.解析.此处Friday和lunch前都有形容词修饰，且两处均表示泛指，所以均用不定冠词。unforgettable 的发音 以元音音素开头，故其前应用an;wonderful的发音以辅音音素开头，故其前用a。答集an; a难点2 名词的"数"的判断典例 162020 江西临川一中适应性考试,61One is Smartkins Animals, w

13、hich helps many(child) identify more than 100 animals and the other is Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.解析，句意:一个是Smartkins Animals,它帮助许多孩子识别100多种动物，另一个是Rainbow Colors,它教孩子们颜色。根据空前的many可知，空处应该用child的复数形式，注意child变复数形式是在其后加-ren。children明方法,高分突破方法1 弄清名词的数，考虑特指或泛指典例 17 Of the two apples, which o

14、ne do you prefer?一bigger one. It ismost delicious one, I think.解析第一空用The,特指两个苹果中较大的那个第二空用a,此处most表示"很，非常"，因为比较对象只有两个所以第二空不能用the。答集The; a方法2 理清题意，牢记固定搭配典例 18 2019 山东淄博二模，69Moxibustion( 艾灸)normally refers to placing moxa(艾)directly on acupoints( 穴位)or holding moxa sticks at distance to warm

15、the body.解析.句意:艾灸通常是指将艾直接放在穴位上或持着艾条隔着一段距离暖身。at a distance为固定搭配，意为"离一段距离"。易混短语in the distance表示"在远处 在远方"。答.a方法3 确定名词考点，注意搭配并掌握词缀典区J 19 But much like other sports events, a lot of professional(compete)rule the triathlon world.睇析根据语境和professional可知，本空用提示词的名词形式competitor"参赛者&quo

16、t;，再结合a lot of以及谓语动词rule可知要用其复数形式。答案 competitors酩习思用 BC噬检测- I1 . 2019 全国 m ,66When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting（compete） to watch, together with the story behind it.2 .2019 浙;X 6 月，57Everybody wears same style of clothes.3 .2018 浙yX 11 月

17、，64One study showed that （woman） who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.4 .2017 甲卷（全国 口）,61It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible （crowd） on the roads above as they

18、 travelled to and from work.5 .2017 丙卷（全国 W ）,62Instead, she is earning £ 6,500 a day asmodel in New York.6 .2017 浙江 11 月，56Like many things in life, it ' songoing process, and the best part ofthe process is that there' s enough room for improvement.7 .2017 浙;工 6 月,56Last October, while

19、 tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small（carrot） and was about to throw them away.8 .2016 乙卷（全国 I ）,69The nursery team switches him every few （day） with his sister.9 .2016 甲卷（全国 口）,62Then, handle the most important tasks first so you' ll feel a real sense

20、of（achieve）.10 . 2016 甲卷（全国 n ）,68Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.11 . 2016 浙yX 6 月,2 prize for the winner of the competition istwo-week holidayin Paris.12 . 2015 重庆,3I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman weari

21、ng a mask.13 . 2019 全国 I 改错 To everyone ' s surprising） the ball went into the net. 14 . 2019 全国 口 改错Since I was a kid, I ' ve considered different job I would like to do. 15 . 2017 乙卷（全国 I ）改错I still remember how hard first day was. 16 . 2017 甲卷（全国 口）改错Besides, they often get some useful in

22、formations from the Ipetition习思用真题检测句意：当他们没有工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一个可以观看的有趣的比赛，以及它背后的故事。根据know of an interesting可知，空处应填名词单数形式，作know of的宾语。2 .the根据语境和 same可知，此处用the表示特指，the same style of clothes 表示"同样款式的衣服"。3 .women 结合"they were pregnant" 以及that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词were 可知，此处

23、要用 woman的复数形式 women。4 .crowds 考查名词的单复数。crowd（人群）为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故此处用复数形式。5 .a model是可数名词，其发音以辅音音素开头且此处表泛指，故填a。6 .an 此处表示"它是一个持续的过程"，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；又因为ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填 不定冠词an。7 .carrots根据上文的"a handful of" 及后文的代词them 可知，此处表示"一把小胡萝卜",所以应用carrot的复数形式。8 .days few 修饰可数名词复数，故此空填days。every few days 意为&quo