2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题.docx

1、2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)PartIISectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear

2、threenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2a

3、rebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.C) HerfriendErika.D) Herlittlebrother.C) Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D) Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.1. A)Hergrandfather.B) Hergrandmother.2. A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.B) Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

4、3. A)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.B) Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.C) Generatingeleclricpowerforpassingvehicles.D) Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.4. A)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.B) Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.C) Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.D) Theycan

5、standthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.B) Inadequatefundingforresearch.C) Endlessfightingintheregion.D) Thehazardsfromthedesert.6. A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B) TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEt

6、hiopia.C) Toidentifythereasonsforthelionsdisappearance.D) TofindevidenceoftheexistenceoftheTostlions.7. A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.B) Lionstracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhoartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.

7、Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhoaraquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices10. A)Gatherstatisticsforhislecture.B)Throwasurprisebirthdayparty.11. A)Bycar.B)Bytrain.C) MeetwithJonathansfriendsontheweekend.D) Joinhiminhisbrothersbirthdaycelebration.C) Bytax

8、i.D)Bybus.12. A)Takingavacationabroad.B) Reviewingforhislastexam.13. A)Preparingforhisfinalexams.B) Negotiatingwithhisbossforaraise.14. A)Finishhertermpaper.B) Saveenoughmoney.15. A)Hehasrichsailingexperience.B) HespeaksSpanishfluently.SectionCC) Savingenoughmoneyforarainyday.D) Findingabetterwaytoe

9、arnmoney.C) Workingparttimeasawriter.D) Helpingthewomanwithhercourses.C) LearnalittlebitofSpanish.D) Askherparents*permission.C) HeisalsoeagertogotoSpain.D) Heiseasytogetalongwith.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationvouhavejustheard.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeac

10、hpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejusthea

11、rd.16. A)Shewenttothesameuniversityashermother.B) SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWar.C) ShewontheNobelPrizetwotimes.D) ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinner.17. A)Shefoughtbravelyinaseriesofmilitaryoperations.B) ShedevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryhospitals.C) Shehelpedtosetupseveralmilitaryhospitals.D) Sh

12、emadedonationstosavewoundedsoldiers.18. A)Bothdiedofbloodcancer.C)Bothwonmilitarymedals.B) BothfoughtinWorldWarI.D)Bothmarriedtheirassistants.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)TheywerethefirstsettlersinEurope.B) TheyweretheconquerorsofNorway.C) TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninth

13、century.D) TheysettledonasmallislandnorthofEngland.20. A)ItwassomefivehundredmileswestofNorway.B) Itwascoveredwithgreenmosttimeoftheyear.C) ItwastheVikings,mostimportantdiscovery.D) Itwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithrice.21. A)TheVikingsoceanexplorations.C)TheVikingseverydaylife.B) ThemakingofEuropean

14、nations.D)TheEuropeansArcticdiscoveries.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Workhardforabetterlife.C)Dreamabout(hefuture.B)Makemistakenowandthen.D)Saveagainstarainyday.23. A)Teachforeignlanguagesfor(herestofhislife.B)Changewhathehasforhispastimaginaryworld.C) Exchangehistwo-sto

15、ryhouseforabeachcottage.D) Dwellonthedreamshehaddreamedwhenyoung.C) Orientalarchitecture.D) Internationalbusiness.C) Becontentwithwhatyouhave.D) Enjoywhateveryouaredoing.24. A)Criminallaw.B) Cityplanning.25. A)Dreamandmakeplans.B) Takethingseasyinlife.PartIHReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADir

16、ections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2wi

17、thasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid(空白)inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto26toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosom

18、ethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall27ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,IstartedEngineeringForKids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto28myownkidsin.”Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprog

19、ramwherechildren29inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached18()membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate30,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand31it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto32recreationcenters.Today,theEF

20、Kprogram33over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2014toS10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfbr2016.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot34enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat35A)attractedF

21、)enrollK)interestB)careerG)exposureL)levelsC)championshipsH)feasibleM)localD)degreesI)feedingN)operatesE)developingJ)graduatingO)participatedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythepa

22、ragraphfromwhichtheinfonnationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyarentyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?A) “YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCoinmis

23、sionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.Whydidntyouhavethecuriositytogotothe堵场)yourself?Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscoinmissionerwouldhavefoundaway(ogetthe(ape.B) Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.441

24、havebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,MsaidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenot(oaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.Isntthemain

25、streammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?,wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.C) Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing,andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsfbronesparty

26、?Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?D) ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependson”,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionisYes.Lesliearguesthatcuriosilyisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucial(ooursuccess,andthatwearelosin

27、git.E) Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.ThewordserendipitywascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswhowerealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.,LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedour

28、appetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewctheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledges,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.F) Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcor

29、porationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.G) Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,fbrexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsideth

30、ereadersborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.H) Moreover,inordertobecurious,youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplacc.,AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbr

31、oadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedontknow,hessurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy(替罪羊).HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffec

32、tthatthe“perfectsearchenginewillunderstandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.,Somewhatnostalgically(怀旧地)，hequotesJohnMaynardKeynessjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostin

33、adreamandallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoonsenterlainment.,Ifonly!I) Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(认知的)scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofin

34、tellectual(alentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactorandadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsunive:Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.,Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childreno

35、feducatedandupper-middle-classparentslumouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.J) AlthoughLesliesbookisntaboutpolitics,hedoesntenti

36、relyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Therearcseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.K) HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasiono

37、fIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewai-yofthe“unknownunknowns,weremistaken.Rums能Idsidea,Lesliewrites,wasntabsurditwassmart.Headds,Thetragedyisthathedidntfollowhisownadvice.,AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBen

38、ghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereaderspoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butletsbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheothersidesweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.

39、Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsakeevenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidntparticularlywanttoknow.36. Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedontknow.37. AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoonessuccess.38. Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledgessake

40、.39. Politicalleaderslackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.40. Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians,andthemediaslackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.41. Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42. Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddilig

41、ence.43. Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44. BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetitefbrliteraryfictioncontributetopeoplesdecliningcuriosity.45. Mankindwouldntbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowed

42、bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasana

43、turalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathingadisease.Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearctwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwo

44、uldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,Mh

45、esaid.“Righlnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucantcontrol,hesaid.Tnacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.,Butifagingwerer

46、ecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage/headded.Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions/LeonardHayflick,ap

47、rofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Haytlickisnotamongthem.uThereremanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,H

48、ayflicksaid.Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?A) 1(shouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.B) Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.C) Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.D) Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.46. Howdomanysci

49、entistsviewagingnow?A) Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.B) Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.47. WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkofdescribingagingasadisease,?A) Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B) Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffe

50、ctsofaging.C) Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.D) Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.48. Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A) Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B) Theydifferfrom(heacademiccirclesinlheirviewonaging.C) Theycancontributetope

51、opleshealthonlytoalimitedextent.D) Theyhavewaystointeneneinpeoplesagingprocess.49. WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A) Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.B) Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.C) Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.D) Heartdiseaseis(hemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebas

52、edonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemore地(

53、指导)，andhavebelteroddsofbeinghired.StudiesshowtheyrealsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentIveeverhad,saysKuheliDutt,asocia

54、lscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversitysLamontcampus.Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthatsclearlysolidpraise/butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmoreth

55、an1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfound(hatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterpa

56、rts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusing(hedatain(hefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentiald

57、isadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanout-standinglettersofrecommendation.Werenottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloranin

58、stitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.Whichmayleadtosonicrecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.50. Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?A) Therearcmanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.B) Chancesfbrwomentogethepositionsarescarce.C) Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.D) Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfema