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1、 初中英语语法复习与练习目录 第01讲 语音 p1第02讲 词汇 p7第03讲 名词 p14第04讲 冠词 19第05讲 人称代词和物主代词 23第06讲 反身代词 28第07讲 不定代词 31第08讲 形容词 38 第09讲 副词 44第10讲 数词 49 第11讲 情态动词 54第12讲 连系动词 59 第13讲
2、一般时态 62第14讲 进行时态 67第15讲 完成时态 70第16讲 被动语态 76第17讲 非谓语动词 80第18讲 介词短语 86第19讲 连词 93第20讲 肯定句和否定句 98 第21讲疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 104第22讲 名词性从句 113第23讲 定语从句和状语从句 118第24讲 主谓一致 126第25讲 完形填空 130第26讲 阅读理解138 第27讲 书面表达 146附录一 初中英语同义词表 附录二 初中英语反义词表 附录三 初中英语同音异形词表*重要说明:本系列讲座选材于发布的Junior English资料,若涉
3、及版权问题,请与镇江市第二中学英语教研组联系,我们将予以公示。电话初中英语总复习专题讲座语音 ¢ u 第1讲 语 音1 复习要点 1.1 国际音标 国际音标是用来给单词注音的一套符号系统,它的制定原则是“一音一符,一符一音”。英语中用到的国际音标共有48个,代表48个音素2,其中元音20个,辅音28个。见下表: 单 元 音 双 元
4、160; 音 辅 音 长音 短音 /i:/ /I/ /IE/ 清浊成对的: /p-b/ /t-d/ /k-g/ /f-v/ /s-z/ /W-T/ /F-V/ /tF-dV/ /ts-dz/ /tr-dr/ /e/ /eI/ /eE/ /A/ /u:/ /U/ /UE/ /R:/ /C/ /RI/ 清浊不成对的: /h/ /r/ /j/
5、/w/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /N/ /B:/ /Q/ /aI/ /aU/ /:/ /E/ /EU/ 1.2 音节与音节种类 所谓音节,是指比音素大、比单词小的一个语音单位。元音音素是音节的核心。音节可以只由一个元音因素构成,如:a /E/, or /R:/, ah /B:/, air /eE/等;也可以由一个元音音素加一个或几个辅音音素构成,如:tea /ti:/, eat /i:t/, east /i:st/, team /ti:m/等。 音节(此处指重读音节)共分为四种:开音节、闭音节
6、、r音节和re音节。元音字母在不同的音节中读音也是不一样的。见下表: 元音字母 开音节 闭音节 r音节 re音节 A /eI/ name, grade 例外:have /A/ /A/ map, thank 例外:an-y /e/, what /C/, class /B:/ /B:/ car, hard 例外:warm /R:/, carry /A/ /eE/ care, parent 例外:are /B:/ E /i:/ she, these
7、0;/e/ egg, pen, desk /:/ her, term 例外:ferry /e/ /IE/ here 例外:there /eE/ I, Y /aI/ my, nice 例外:give /I/, machine /i:/ /I/ in, sit, this 例外:find /aI/ /:/ girl, bird 例外:mirror /I/ /aIE/ fire O /EU/ no, home 例外:w
8、ho /u:/, come /Q/ /C/ not, clock 例外:both, post /EU/ /R:/ or, short 例外:work /:/, worry /Q/ /R:/ more U /ju:/ stu-dent, use 例外:June, ruler /u:/ /Q/ up, bus, cup 例外:put, full /U/, but /Q/, bus-y /I/ /:/ turn, nurse &
9、#160; /jUE/ pure 例外:sure /UE/ 除了以上这四种音节之外,还有元音字母组合。 1.3 读音规则 1.3.1 元音字母组合的读音规则 通过以上叙述我们知道,元音字母是音节的核心,每一个音节都必须含有一个元音字母。但是,在很多情况下,元音字母组合是构成一个单词的主要部分。下面,我们就来讨论元音字母组合的读音规则。 我们可以按元音字母进行归类,例如:A ai, ay, air; E ea, ee, ei, eer, ear; I ia, ie, io; O oa, oar, oi, oy, oo, oor, ou; U ue。 下面将对初
10、中英语中一些最为常见的元音字母(组合)的读音规则进行归纳: ai /eI/ fail, rain, wait /e/ said /I/ mountain a
11、ir /eE/ chair, pair au, aw /R:/ autumn, August, draw, law (法律) /C/ because, Australia ay /eI/ may, today /I/
12、Sunday ea /i:/ meat, cheap, dream, please /e/ head, bread, already, health /eI/ break, gr
13、eat /IE/ idea, really ear /:/ earth, early, learn /IE/ dear, clear, near /eE/ pear, wear, bear ee /i:/ meet, jeep, agree
14、, need eer /IE/ deer, pioneer ei, ey /eI/ eight, neighbour, they /aI/ either, neither, eye /i:/ receive, key ew /ju:/ new, knew, few
15、 /u:/ blew, grew ia /aIE/ dial, dialogue /IE; jE/ India, Australia, Canadian ie /i:/ field, believe
16、160; /aI/ die, tie, lie, replies /aIE/ quiet, science /e/ friend /II/ 或 /IE/ twentieth, thirtie
17、th io /aIE/ lion, pioneer /IEU/ radio /aI5C/ biology oa /EU/ coat, road /R:/ a
18、broad (在国外) oar /R:/ blackboard, aboard (在船上) oi, oy /RI/ coin, join, boy, enjoy oo /u:/ food, broom, afternoon /U/ book, foot, wool /Q/ blood (血), floodoor
19、 /R:/ door, floor ou, /aU/ about, mouse /u:/ group, soup /Q/ enough, country, trouble /U/ could, should, would
20、60; ow /aU/ town, allow /EU/ grow, know /C/ knowledge ua /jUE/ January, manual (手册)
21、; /UE/ February, usually ue /u:/ blue, true /e/ guess, guest uy /aI/ buy, guy (家伙) 1.3.2 辅
22、音字母的读音规则 有16个辅音字母本身即可表音,它们与国际音标的符号一致。它们是:b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, z。 另外5个与国际音标符号不一致,它们是: c 在e, i前读/s/,例如:face, city;在其他情况下读/k/,例如:cat, come, cut, clock, music。 j 一般读/dV/,例如:just, Jack。 q 常以qu-出现,读/kw/,例如:qui
23、ck。 x 一般读/ks/,例如:box, exercise;有时读/gz/,例如:exam。 y 一般读/j/,例如:yes。 常见的辅音字母组合有: ch 一般读/tF/,例如:chair, teach。 gh 一般读/f/,例如:enough;也有不发音的,例如:night, though。 kn 总是读/n/,例如:know。 ng 一般读/N/,例如:you
24、ng, singer;有时读/Ng/,例如:longer, English。 ph 一般读/f/,例如:photo, geography。 sh 一般读/F/,例如:shop, fish。 th 有时读/W/,例如:thank, both;有时读/T/,例如:this, without。 wh 一般读/w/,例如:what, where;有时读/h/,例如:who, whole。 wr 总是读/r/,例如:write, wrong。 1.3
25、.3 常见的不发音的辅音字母 不发音的b,例如:climb。 不发音的d,例如:grandfather, grandmother, sandwich, Wednesday。 不发音的g,例如:foreign。 不发音的gh,例如:bought, taught, night。 不发音的h,例如:hour。 不发音的k,例如:knife, knock, know。 不发音的n,例如:autumn。 不发音的t,例如:listen, often。 不发音的w,例如:who, whole, write, wrong。 1 近年以来,在各地的中考试卷中,单纯的语音题已经为听力题所
26、代替。本书为了保持体系的完整,依然收入了“语音”部分,并配上相关的练习,供读者复习使用,基础好的读者完全可以跳过本讲。2 音素是最小的语音单位,在英语中用国际音标表示。例如:/i:/, /A/, /IE/, /g/, /T/, /dV/等等。考题分析 1单词辨音 The young man said he would like to live in the country with his cousin.
27、; A B
28、; C D 分析 本题要求在四个选项中找出一个黑体部分与其余三个不同的单词。经过辨音知道,young, country, cou
29、sin三词中的ou读/Q/音,would中的ou读/U/音。 答案 B 2单词辨音 /d/ A. called B. finished C. started D. helped 分析 -ed的发音是一个难点,规律是:在清辅音后它读/t/(如finished, helped),在浊辅音或元音后读/d/(如called, played),在字母t, d后读/Id/(如started, needed)
30、。 答案 A 3单项选择 Have you read todays newspaper? The right sound for “read” is _. A. /ri:d/
31、160; B. /rAd/ C. /red/ D. /rId/ 分析 本题考查考生对动词read的过去分词读音的掌握情况。 答案 C 巩固练习 一、找出与所给单词划线部分读音一致的音标: 1. above
32、160; A. /B:/ B. /Q/ C. /EU/
33、60; D. /:/ 2. heart A. /:/ B. /IE/
34、160; C. /eE/ D. /B:/ 3. enjoy A. /IN/
35、; B. /En/ C. /In/ &
36、#160; D. /en/ 4. marry A. /e/ B. /A/
37、 C. /eE/ D. /AE/ 5. paint A. /eI/
38、60; B. /aI/ C. /A/ D. /e/ 6. bought &
39、#160; A. /EU/ B. /aU/ C. /u:/ &
40、#160; D. /R:/ 7. Monday A. /I/ B. /eI/
41、0; C. /i:/ D. /aI/ 8. exit A. /eks/ &
42、#160; B. /Iks/ C. /egz/ D. /Igz/ 二、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词:
43、 1. says A. break B. instead C. meat
44、160; D. idea 2. of A. off B. above
45、160; C. wife D. photo 3. brush A. couple
46、160; B. cloudy C. wounded D. would 4. laugh A. daughter
47、; B. cinema C. hard D. heard 5. real A. reading &
48、#160; B. piece C. museum D. friend 6. city
49、 A. prize B. manager C. title &
50、#160; D. practise 7. fire A. die B. eightieth C. science
51、0; D. receive 8. climb A. cough B. hour
52、60; C. wrong D. whose 三、判断每组单词划线部分有几种读音(A一种,B两种,C三种,D四种): 1. about
53、 space comrade many 2. think
54、160; with mouths
55、160; eighth 3. necessary carry artist
56、; part 4. score call
57、0; autumn warm 5. opened wanted
58、; changed liked 6. minute
59、; busy women holiday 7. however
60、; even every
61、 before 8. nation Russian question
62、160; Asian 9. quick fruit
63、; build language 10. where here
64、; hear heard 四、将方框中所列单词的划线部分按所给音标的读音归类: alive, captain, clear, cook, cou
65、gh, enough, flood, group, height, knowledge, librarian, lie, live, many, minute, parent, pollute, poor, really, said, southern, spoon, sugar, sure, there, usually, weather, whatever, wood, zero 1. /IE/
66、 2. /I/
67、0; 3. /eE/
68、 4. /u:/
69、160; 5. /UE/
70、0; 6. /e/ &
71、#160; 7. /U/
72、0; 8. /C/ &
73、#160; 9. /Q/
74、0; 10. /aI/
75、0; 五、根据所给音标和句意填入单词,使句子意思完整: 1. Nobody
76、60;there is something wrong with her . (/nEUz/) 2. Which of the two girls the race, this girl or that
77、 ? (/wQn/) 3. Last year we often our bicycles on that . (/rEUd/) 4. He said he could have &
78、#160; bananas at a time, but last time he only six. (/eIt/) 5. Are your and uncle English teachers? No, they
79、; . (/B:nt/) 6. They were tired move on even
80、0; more steps. (/tu:/) 7. When they went the fields, they stones into the river nearby. (/Wru:/) 8.
81、60; a football under the desk. Do you think its ours or ? (/TeEz/) 9. Have you found out a to
82、60; the huge rock? (/weI/) 10. On the way the group of the children jumped over the big on the ground. (/hEUl/) 六、根据音标填入单词,使句子意思完整: 1.
83、; How was the ? They were ! ( /pE5fR:mEns/ /greIt/ ) 2. Can I see your car
84、60;? Sorry, I left it in my . ( /5laIsns/ /5CfIs/ ) 3. Youd better not buy things. They are not
85、 good. ( /Ik5spensIv/ /5rIElI/ ) 4. Do you go to on ? ( /tF:tF/ /5sQndIz/ ) 5. &
86、#160; Do you see the standing the two cyclists? ( /pE5li:smEn/ /bI5twi:n/ ) 6. It is
87、; for everyone to from time to time. ( /Im5pR:tEnt/ /rI5lAks/ ) 7. English always keep thei
88、r age a . ( /5wImIn/ /5si:krIt/ ) 8. In many both and wife work full-time.
89、0; ( /5fAmIlIz/ /5hQzbEnd/ ) 9. Now some Japanese students classes on Saturday mornings. ( /5R:lsEU/
90、/E5tend/ ) 10. you please tell me as soon as ? ( /wUd/ /5pCsIbl/ ) 七、根据音标填入单词,使短文意思完整: Once Jack went to a big 1 party. His coat wa
91、s not very good. When he went in, no one looked at him and no one gave him any food. He was very 2 . So he went home, put on his best coat and then came back to the party. 3 stood up at 4 and came to meet him. He was 5
92、0; to the best table, and 6 with the best food by the other 7 . Then Jack put his food in the coat and said, “Please eat, dear coat.” The other people were very 8 and asked, “Why? What do you mean by doing that?” Jack
93、0;9 , “Im asking my coat to eat now. When I came here at first, nobody 10 me or gave me any food. After I 11 my coat, you gave me the best food. So you gave this food to my coat 12 of me!” 1. &
94、#160; /5dInE/ 7.
95、/gests/ 2. /5ANgrI/
96、60; 8. /sE5praIzd/ 3.
97、160; /5evrIwQn/ 9. /5B:nsEd/
98、160; 4. /wQnz/
99、160; 10. /5nEUtIst/ 5. /5teIkn/
100、0; 11. /tFeIdVd/
101、; 6. /5gIvn/
102、60; 12. /In5sted/ 答案 一、找出与所给单词划线部分读音一致的音标: 1. above
103、 A. /B:/ B. /Q/ C. /EU/ D. /:/ 2. heart
104、 A. /:/ B. /IE/ C. /eE/
105、60;D. /B:/ 3. enjoy A. /IN/ B. /En/ C. /In/ &
106、#160; D. /en/ 4. marry A. /e/ B. /A/ C. /eE/ &
107、#160; D. /AE/ 5. paint A. /eI/ B. /aI/
108、 C. /A/ D. /e/ 6. bought A. /EU/ B. /aU/
109、; C. /u:/ D. /R:/ 7. Monday A. /I/ B. /eI/
110、60; C. /i:/ D. /aI/ 8. exit A. /eks/
111、160; B. /Iks/ C. /egz/ D. /Igz/ 二、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词: 1. says A. break
112、 B. instead C. meat D. idea 2. of A. off B. above&
113、#160; C. wife D. photo 3. brush A. couple B. cloudy
114、 C. wounded D. would 4. laugh A. daughter B. cinema C. hard
115、;D. heard 5. real A. reading B. piece C. museum D. friend 6. city
116、0; A. prize B. manager C. title D. practise 7. fire
117、 A. die B. eightieth C. science D. receive 8. climb A. cough
118、60; B. hour C. wrong D. whose 三、判断每组单词划线部分有几种读音(A一种,B两种,C三种,D四种): 1. about /E/
119、0; space /ei/ comrade / i / many /e / (D) 2. think /W/ with /T/
120、160; mouths /T/ eighth /W/ (B) 3. necessary /Eri/ carry /A/ artis
121、t /B:/ part /B:/ (C) 4. score /C:/ call /C:/
122、0; autumn /C:/ warm /C:/ (A) 5. opened /d/ wanted /id/ changed /d/
123、 liked /t/ (C) 6. minute /i/ busy /i/ women /i/
124、160; holiday /i/ (A) 7. however /e/ even /i:/ every /e/
125、; before /i/ (C) 8. nation /Fen/ Russian /Fen/ question /tFen/
126、160; Asian /Fen/ (B) 9. quick /wi/ fruit /u:/ build /i/
127、; language /wi/ (C) 10. where /ZE/ here /iE/ hear /iE/ &
128、#160; heard /E:/ (C) 四、将方框中所列单词的划线部分按所给音标的读音归类: alive, captain, clear, cook, cough, enough, flood, group, height, knowledge, librarian, lie, live, many, minute, parent, pollute, poor, really, said, southern, spoon, sugar, sure,
129、there, usually, weather, whatever, wood, zero 1. /IE/ clear, really, zero 2. /I/ captain, live, minute 3. /eE/ librarian, parent, t
130、here 4. /u:/ group, pollute, spoon 5. /UE/ poor, sure, usually 6. /e/ many, said, weather 7. /U/ cook, sugar, wood 8. &
131、#160; /C/ cough, knowledge, whatever 9. /Q/ enough, flood, southern 10. /aI/ alive, height, lie 五、根据所给音标和句意填入单词,使句子意思完整: 1. Nobody k
132、nows there is something wrong with her nose . (/nEUz/) 2. Which of the two girls won the race, this girl or that one ? (/wQn/) 3. Last y
133、ear we often rode our bicycles on that road . (/rEUd/) 4. He said he could have eight bananas at a time, but last time he only ate six. (/eIt/) 5. Are your aunt
134、and uncle English teachers? No, they arent . (/B:nt/) 6. They were too tired to move on even two more steps. (/tu:/) 7. When they went through the fields,
135、they threw stones into the river nearby. (/Wru:/) 8. Theres a football under the desk. Do you think its ours or theirs ? (/TeEz/) 9. Have you found out a way to weigh
136、 the huge rock? (/weI/) 10. On the way the whole group of the children jumped over the big hole on the ground. (/hEUl/) 六、根据音标填入单词,使句子意思完整: 1. How was the performance ? They were great !
137、0; ( /pE 5fR:mEns/ /greIt/ ) 2. Can I see your car licence / lisence ? Sorry, I left it in my office . ( / 5laIsns/ / 5CfIs/ ) 3. Youd better not buy expensive things. They are not really good. ( /Ik5spensIv/ / 5rIElI/ ) 4. Do you go to church on Su
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