初中中考英语单项选择题解题技巧

1、清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http:"Q清华大学英语教授研究组提供初中英语时态总结动词的时态英语共有16种时态，根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析，时态测试 重点主要有：完成时态一现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时 态一现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。一、一般时态1、一般现在时(1 )一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复 发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually, often, always sometimes, regularly, near, occas i ona 11 y, every year,

2、 every week 等连用。例如：1)The moon moves round the earth.2)Mr. Smi th travels to work by bus every day.(2)在由 after, unt i I, before, once, when, even if, in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment 以及 i f, unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：1)1 wi11 tel I him the news as soon as I see him.2)I wi1

3、1 not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要 发生的动作，这类动词有:be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。例如：1)The plane I eaves at three sharp.2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.(4)在由 why, what, where, whoever, who, that, as 等引导的从句 中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：1)Free ticket

4、s wi11 be given to whoever comes first.2)You* 11 probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http"/Q清华大学英语教授研究组提供2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示 确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting f i Im.(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如：1)He al

5、ways went to class last.2)I used to do my homework in the Iibrary.(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)3.一般将来时1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：I shalI graduate next year.2)几种替代形式：Dbe going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：r m going to buy a house when we' ve saved enough money.2)be to+v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例 如：I a

6、m to play tennis this afternoon.3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如：He was about to start.4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5)be on the point/verge of +v - ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例 如：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定

7、做.官方网站：http:"Q 清华大学英语教授研究组提供二、进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now, right now, at the mother, for the time being, for the present 等连用。例如：Don' t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作 常与always, continual ly, forever, constantly等连用。例如：My father is forever criticizing me.(3)表示根

8、据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动 词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置 上去的动词。常用的有：go, come, I eave, start, arrive,etucri 等。 例如：They are Ieaving for Hong Kong next month.（4）有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属” 等的动词。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear, （表示感觉的词）；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, pre

9、fer, refuse, forgive（表示感情的动词）；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain（表示存在 状态的动词）：have, possess, own, contain, be I ong, consist of, form（表 示占有与从属的动词）understand, know, be I i eve, think, doubt, forget, emembe（表示思考理解的动词）。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行 时态。例如：1）Tom looks pale. What' s wrong with him?（look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，

10、看上去”）2）Tom is Iooking for his books.（look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”）2 .过去进行时过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作 正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always, continual ly, constantly 等动词连用。例如：1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.2）Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.3 .将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在

11、进行的动作，或表示要在将来 某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例 如：DThis time next day they wi11 be sitting in the cinema.2）What wi11 you be doing at six tomorrow evening?4 .完成进行时（现在、过去、将来）完成进行时是（现在、过去、将来）完成时的强调 形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。三、完成时态完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为：1 .现在完成时(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常 与yet, already, just连用

12、)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的 情况(常与fo，since连用)。例如：1)1 have just f inished my homework.2)Mary has been i11 for three days.(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over 等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently 等 状语词组 this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times,

13、 up to the present 等。例如：1)1 haven* t been there for five years.2)So far, she hasn' t enjoyed the summer vacation.3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：This (That, It) is (was) the first (second-) time +定语从句； This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, I

14、t) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般 现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过 去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如：(DThis is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.(2)There was a knock at the door. 11 was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.2 .过去完成时(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的

15、动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用 by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在 另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，砺过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。 例如：I had meant to tak

16、e a good hoi iday this year, but I wasn' t ableto get away.另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn, t.2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：I meant to have told you abo

17、ut it, but I forgot to do so.(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：Dhardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时 + when + 过去时。例如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例The experiment had been finish

18、ed by 4 o' clock yesterday afternoon.3 .将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之 前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时 间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子； before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上 表示将来动作的句子等。例如：1)By this time tomorrow you wi11 have arrived in Shanghai.2)I shalI have fi

19、nished this composition before 9 o' clock.3 ) When we get on the rai I way station, the train wi 11 probably have left.4 .完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行 时，将来完成进行时。(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延 续到过去某一时刻。例如：I have been Iooking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven* t found it.(

20、2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延 续到过去某一时刻。例如：11 had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused lands I ides in many pI aces.(3)将来完成进行时表示在揩来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直 延续到揩来某一时刻。例如：By the t i me you arrive tonight, she wi 11 have been typing for hours.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http:

21、"Q清华大学英语教授研究组提供四：时态一致时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的 时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任 何时态He says that he Iives in Wuhan.We hope that there wi11 be many peopIe at your party today."Did you hear that Bi 11 finally sold the house?" "Yes, but I don' t know who bou

22、ght it.”"There* s a lot of excitement on the street.w"There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?M2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时 态He said he was writing a noveI.The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.He said his father had been an engineer.3、当从

23、句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在 时。例如：The teacher told them since Iight travels faster than sound, Iightning appears to go before thunder.注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语 也应用一般现在时。4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表 示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气， 不能遵循时态一致原则。例如：We insisted that we do it ourselv

24、es.动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1）We use electricity to run machines.（主动语态）2）Electricity is used to run machines.（被动语态）1 .不能用于被动语态的动词和短语(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包 括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, be I ong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, oc

25、cur, come true, take place, consist Ofo(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。2 .被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。表1时?SPAN I ang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时现在 am asked am being askedis asked is being askedare asked are being asked过去was be asked was being askedwere be asked

26、 were being asked将来 sha 11 be asked sha 11 have been askedwi11 be asked wi11 have been asked过去 shou I d be asked shou I d have been asked将来 would be asked would have been asked3 .短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或 副词不能拆开或省略。例如：1)So far no correct cone I us i on has ar r i ved at.2)AII the rubbi

27、sh shouId be got rid of.4 . “oet + -ed分词”的被动语态“get +-ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表 示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，Hget + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行 为而不是被动的行为。例如：get dressed（穿衣服）get divorced（离婚）get engaged（订婚）get con fused （迷惑不解）get lost（迷路）get washed（洗脸）get married（结婚）5

28、.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态（1）能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主 语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：1）We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态）2）The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态）3）0ur new products were shown to the visitors.（被动语态）（2）能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语 补足语。例如：1）The teacher appointed him League secreta

29、ry.（主动语态）2）He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态）6 .被动语态与系表结构的区别（1）The novel was we 11 written.（系表结构）（2）The novel was written by Diskens.（被动语态）7 .少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思例 1 : The book is selling remarkably well.例 2 : The song sounds very beaut iful.能这样用的动词还有read（读起来），clean（擦起来），wash（洗起来）,write（写起来）。例 3

30、： My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).能像 need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind例 4 : The meat is cooking.例 5 : The book written by the professor is printing.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http"/清华大学英语教授研究组提供 初中中考英语单项选择题解题技巧清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http:/qinQ 清华大学

31、英语教授研究组提供初中中考英语单项选择题解题技巧【解指技巧】择赢瞿霰惠懿虹霸蠢）法、句法、语鹦髓辘服 IlWf摩膏巅港蠢力语法一般要经过四个阶段：阅读审题一观察分析一选择判He goes to work by bus.A. Sd do I B. I so do C. I do so D. Sd am IWang Fang is young, but she plays ping-pong her mother.A. as good asB. as well asC. as better asD. as best as科斤就会清楚，C、D两项本身就不能成立，应先排除，只能在A、Eo去等过反复验证

32、，选出一个中选。因句中“play”为一个繁星示感期rea 修2选°3W 蓟、展fipy” 警塞Ha元费运A. Happy New Year, too B. Thank you very muchC. You' re rightD. The same to you根据平时练习的情景对话，一读就会感到D是正确的。2) Mum, can I watch TV now ?"No, you must finish your homework first.A. doing B. doC. to do D. done霰款门鹦覆醐嘴清鳏翩只擦轴喘金盆藏【经典范例引路】例 1 _of

33、 the twins passed the exam because they worked hard atmeir felons.A. Every B. Neither C. None D. Both例 2 the window. What's happen!ng there ?A. Look off B. Look over C. Look out of D. Look for例 3 bad weather we are having !We've never had rainy days.A. What a； such B. How； so C. What ； such

34、D. What ； so【综合能力训练】I .单项选择。()1. He came to China 1998.A. from B. since C. at D. in( )2. did you buy the new bag ?Last Monday.A. Where B. How C. When D. Who( )3. Mr. Yang is too to go on walking.A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tired( )4. trees are cut down every year.A. Thousand B. Thousands of C. Thou

35、sands D. Thousand of ()5. He s lived here 1980.A. after B. in C. fromD. since()6. Can you understand me ?Sorry, I can understand you.A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever( )7. does it take me to go from my school to your school ?About five minutes.A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How long ()8.

36、Hello. May I speak to Jim, please ?, please ?A. Who are you B. How is he C. Who is that D. What are you()9. She asked me if I knew whose pen .A. is it B. it was C. it is D. was it( )10. It scold outside. You d better your coat.A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up()11. I have finished my homew

37、ork.When you it ?A. have; finishedB. do; finishC. did; finishD. will; finish()12. Can I your bike ?With pleasure. But you mustn t it to others.A. I end; borrowB. borrow; I end C. carry;lend D. borrow; keep()13. of them has an Biglish dictionary.A. R/ery B. Each C. Both D. All()14. It me about ten mi

38、nutesto go to school by bike everyday.A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes( )15. Don t tell anybody about it. Keep it you and me.A. among B. between C. in D. with)16. I'd like to the word in French.A (A (Asay B. speak C. tellD. talk)17. A strong wind will arrive in Harbin. It will much rain.bring

39、 B. take C. carry D. get)18. It s a beautiful stamp.quite B. tooC. very D. so)19. He doesn t know _ English because he has studied it for only weeks.A. much; a few B. little; few C. few; little D. a few; a little()20. It s about walk from my home.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minute s D. ten-m

40、inutes ()21. Ts this your sock ?Yes, it is. But where is ?A. the others B. the other one C. others D. other one ()22. The radio istoo noisy. Would you please a little ?A. turn it off B. turn it down C. stop it from D. pick it up ()23. The woman had to do the farm work herself, ?A. did she B. didn

41、9;t she C. had she D. wasn't she ( )24. He has for about twelve years.A. bought the houseB. left hereC. lived hereD. gone there()25. Td like some water, but he wants.A. two bottle orangeB. two bottles of orangeC. two bottle orangesD. two bottles of oranges()26. Mke is learning a computer.A. how

42、can he useB. how to useC. how he useD. how to using( )27. You are just for the game. Please come and join us.A. in time B. on time C. at times D. at the time()28. Who will teach English next term ?A. ourselves B. us C. our D. ours()29. B/erything is lighter on the moon than on the earth.A. soB. more

43、 C. much D. very()30. do you go to see your parents?Once a week.A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. When参考答案【综合能力训练】I . 1-5 DCDBD JOADCBA 11T5CBBDB 16-20 AAAAB 21-25 BBBCB 26-0 BABCA二、冠词(-)知识概要冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。a 用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用 来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些 事

44、物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。(二)正误辨析误This building is an university.IE This building is a university.析a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词 前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是j,所以 用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为： There is an “n” in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注 意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：I

45、 need an hour to finish the work.It isa useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.误I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.析因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：anold man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago

46、, an honest boy-0误“Can you help me”“Sorry, I'm in hurry.n正“Can you help me”“Sorry. I'm in a hurry.w析不定冠词的主要用法如下：1 .用来表示一类人或事物，如:She is a teacher.2 .指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3 .泛指某一人或事物,如：Aman is waiting for you at the school gate.4 .相当于 “one” 的概念,如：I just bought a ne

47、w dictionary.5 .其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：如：have a walk/ a rest / a look又如：in a hurry匆匆忙忙make a face作鬼脸do somebody a favour 帮某人忙a number of =many又如：have a good time （玩得好）have a cold （感冒）have a headache （头痛）have a break=have a rest误I bought the dictionary yesterday. Adictionary is very good.正I bought a dictiona

48、ry yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。误Please turn off lights before you leave.正Please turn off the lights before you leave.析虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。误There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the

49、 moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.误I live on a second floor of this building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：Heisthe oldest in the family.误I want to learn the second language thisterm.正I want to learn a second language thisterm.析在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再 来一个时，应用a

50、,本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。误 Mssissippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正The Mssissippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the怡llow Rver（黄河）。误Look, there are Alp.误Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.析具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加S,来表示山脉。the Al

51、ps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:TheAlps are in the center of Europe.误Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析报刊名称前应加定冠词。误Rch are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to Ne

52、w >brk.误I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.IE I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。误The sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如:in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, i

53、n the direction 及 in the past, in the future误Do you know who invented telephone正Do you know who invented the telephone析在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，如：the Biglish Channel英吉利海峡the Panama Canal巴拿马运河the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河误Vfould you please buy some food for the supperIE Vfould you please buy some food for supper析泛指一

54、日三餐前无定冠词。误Hike to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠词，如：goring is the best season in a year.误Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sametimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school 上学，leave school（辍学），aft

55、er school（放学），但如果当建筑物讲时应加 冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又 如，He was in hospital for two days.（他在医院住院两天了。）而:He went to the hospital to see his mot her.他去医院看望他的母亲。误I bought a same dictionary as she bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠 词。误The

56、police caught the thief by his arm.正The police caught the thief by the arm.析这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。 在英语中的某些动词,如:cat ch（抓）,take（拿），strike （打）,pat（拍），hit（击）, hold（握），pull（拉）动词后应加人，再加介词on, by, in, with之后要加 定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his, her, their, 等词。误He was paid by hour.正He was paid by the hour.析by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为：他的工资是按小时 计算的。误I went to New brk by his car.正I went to New >brk by car.IE I went to New b