英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)

1、1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly

2、used in texts and references. S=sumf=frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = comparee.g.=exampledept=departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol=dem=lib=cap=politics democracy liberal capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres subj ind = c

3、ons= presentation= subject individual= conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = biol=info=ach = chem =associate biology information achievement chemistrymax = intro =maximumintroductionconc = min =concentrationminimumrep =repetition

4、Omit vowels, of the word. ppd =retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton preparedprblm：estmt:bkgd=gvt=problem=estimatebackgro und gover nmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt=con td govt educatlamount=con ti nued=gover nment=educati onalForm the plural of a symbol or abbr

5、eviated word by adding s.chpts:egs=fs=in tros=chaptersexamples freque ncies=in troduct ionsUse g to represe nt ing endings.ckg=estg=decrg：exptg:check ing establishi ng =decreas ing=experime ntingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will

6、 makethe notes too dense with shortha nd.Leave out uni mporta nt words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute in itials whe never the term, phrase, orn ameis used aga in. Forexample, Cen ter for Aerospace Scien ces becomes CAS t

7、hereafter.Use symbols for com mon ly recurri ng conn ective or tran siti onal words.& = w/=w/o=vs= =andwith without aga inst thereforeis or equalUse tech ni cal symbols where applicable.zb=Germa n, for exampleibid = Lati n, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore refere nee:Use sta ndard maths, aeeo

8、 unting, and seie nee symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse sta ndard abbreviati ons and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept In formatio n Teeh no logy departme ntUK Uni ted Kin gdomUse on ly the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketi ngeus eustomereli elie ntUse the entire firs

9、t syllable and the first letter of the seeond syllable. Examples:subj subjeetbudg budgetind in dividualTo distinguishamongvarious forms of the sameword, use the first syllableof the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: teehgy teeh no logy gen i on gen eralisati on dely delivery

10、Use just eno ugh of the beg inning of a word to form a reeog ni sable abbreviati on. Examples: assoe assoeiated aeh aehieveme nt info in formatio nOmit vowels from the middle of words, retai ning only eno ugh consonants to provide a reeog ni sable skelet on of the word. Examples:bkgd baekgro undmvmt

11、 moveme ntprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by add ing s. Examples: eusts eustomers fs freque ncies/s ratiosUse g to represe nt i ng endin gs. Examples:deerg deereas ing ekg eheek ing estblg establishi ngSpell out, rather tha n abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLe

12、ave out uni mporta nt verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unn ecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or nameis initiallywritten out in fullduring the talkor meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used aga in. Example:January Advertis ing Campaig n Bud

13、get JACBUse symbols for com mon conn ective or tran siti on words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs aga instCreate your own set of abbreviati ons and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviati ons for differe nt courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbrev

14、iati onsas a result of / con seque nces of result ing in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importa ntly *less tha n especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，女口 IMP: important, ASAP:as soon as possible 。 很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: man agerMSG: messageST

15、D: sta ndardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO in formatio nINS in sura neeEXCH exeha ngeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT Apartme ntACC Aeeou ntantACDG Aeeordi ngACPT AeeeptAD Advertiseme ntADS AddressADV AdvieeAMAP As mueh/

16、ma ny as possible AMT Amou ntAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL Bala neeBLDG Buildi ngCERT CertifieateCFM Co nformCNCL Can eelCNF Co nferenceCMI Commissi onCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/eompetitiveCMU Com mun icatio nCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Con diti on CO. Compa ny DEPT Departme nt DIS

17、C Discou nt DPT Departure EXCH Excha nge EXPLN Expla in EXT Exte nt FLT Flight FNT Fi nal FRT Freight FYR For your refere nee GD GoodGUAR Guara ntee H.O. Home office INFO In formatio n IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Importa nt INCD In elude INDIV In dividual INS In sura nee INTST In terested I/O In stead of

18、 IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manu facture MDL ModelMEMO Memora ndum MGR Ma nger MIN Mi nimumMKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later tha n OBS Observe OBT Obta in ORD Ordi nary PAT Pate nt PC Piece PKG Packi ng PL People PLS Please POSN Positi on POSS(BL) PossiblePROD Product QLTY Q

19、uality QUTY Qua ntity RCV Receive REF Refere nee REGL Regular REP Represe ntative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Respo nsible SEC Seetio n SITN Situation STD Sta ndard TEL Telepho ne TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Tha nks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL TotalU You UR Your WK Week WL Will

20、WT Weight XL Extra large关于字母和图像二、字母、图像Z表示人people/person，因为Z看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符 号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，统治：government, govern 希腊字母 C读/ga:ma/, 近似 government, 所以就用 C来表示 govern, government。governmental official可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母 P 读/pai/, 近似 politics,political 。那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表

21、示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all,to sum up, ect.E数学符号表示总值。G表示效率：efficient, effective 。G为效率符号。Q表示通货膨胀:in flation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业：agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商业：bus in ess。Cx 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict ，confrontation Cx中的x表示反对，字母C将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation 。

22、W表示工作，职业：work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以 WZ就可以 用来表示 worker, 而W（Z在字母上方表示 employer, 在字母下方表示 employee）。 i表示工业：in dustry,in dustrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。U U看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreeme nt ）般只有 在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示举杯祝贺。如果在U内填入2xxxx,就可 以表示为bilateral （双边的），填入3表示为trilateral（ 三边的）。填入在U 中填入1表示：Un ilateralism

23、 （单边主义），填入 m（multiple） 表示多边主义。 如果在U上加一个/ xxxx表示谈判破裂。O 表示国家、民族、领土等：country, state, nation, etc.gO 表示进口， Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办： chair, host, preside over 。那 么在此符号上加 Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示领导人:leader, head 那么 head of government, head of company便可以表示为CTO圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等

24、： meeting，conference ， negotiation ， seminar，discussion ， symposium k这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示捕鱼业等合fishery 有关的词汇。O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:intern ati on al, worldwide, global, uni versal, etc.J 表示开心： pleasant, joyful ，happy， excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气 unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总

25、所周之：as weall know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O表示漠不关心、无动于衷：in differe nt, apathetic, unconcern, dont caremuch, etc.用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示三、刖头g 表示至U达、传达： go into ，arrive at ，give to ，send to ，present to etc.表示导致、弓丨导：lead to, result in, in the directi on of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示

26、来自于： be/come from，return ，receive from, etc.表示追溯至 U： come/go back to ， orig in ateh 表示上升： up/upward/rise ，in crease ， arise ，asce nd, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示波折:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、数学符号+ 表示多:many, lots of, a great deal o

27、f, a good many of, etc.+（+2）表示多的比较级：more+3表示多的最高级：most 表示少:little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.x 表示错误、失误和坏的概念：wrong/incorrect , something bad , notorious , negative, etc. 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念：superior to , surpass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller

28、, etc.表示低概念：inferior to , etc.= 表示同等概念： means, that is to say , in other words , the same as , be equal to, etc.表示对手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.（） 表示在 之间:among, with in, etc.工 表示不同概念：be different from, etc.表示无敌概念： matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大约概念：about/around , or so , approximately, etc./ 表示否定,消除等