眼科名称中英对照

1、眼科名称中英对照、眼的解剖，艮的解剖EyeAnatomy“球eyeball前极AnteriorpolePosteriorpole，道Equator艮轴Axisoculi,axisofeyeballM轴Axisoptica,optic(al)axis,visualaxis小艮球壁eyeballwall纤维膜二角膜+巩膜fibroustunicofeyeball=cornea+sclera卜夜膜tearfilm4膜cornea“膜sclera"膜巩膜缘corneoscleraljunction巩膜静脉窦（Schlemm管）（位于巩膜与角膜“交处深面）canalofSchlemm,sinu

2、svenosussclera“管膜vasculartunicofeyeball葡萄膜即血管膜=虹膜+睫状体+脉络膜uveaisthevasculartunicofeyeball,includingiris,ciliarybodyandchoroid“膜iris童孔pupil童孔括约肌sphincterpupillae(circularfibers)童孔开大肌dilatorpupillae(radialfibers)“膜角膜角iridocornealangle港状体ciliarybody港状肌ciliarymuscle港状突ciliaryprocess2状环（睫状体扁平部）ciliaryring

3、M齿缘（睫状体扁平部与脉络膜连接处呈锯齿犬）oraserrata脉络膜（含色素细胞和致密的毛细血管）choroid(containspigmentedcellsanddensecapillaryplexus)Bruch'smembrane/vitreouslamina(istheinnermostlayerofthechoroid.Itisalsocalledthe布鲁克氏膜/玻璃膜（是脉络膜的最里层。因为“貌似玻璃，又称玻璃膜。布鲁克氏膜把脉络膜的血管与视网膜色素上皮细胞层分开。）vitreouslamina,becauseofitsglassymicroscopicappearan

4、ce.Bruch'smembraneseparatesthebloodvesselsofthechoroidfromtheRPElayer.)M网膜retinaM网膜宣部，包括视网膜虹膜部和视网膜睫状体parscaecaretinaeM网膜虹膜部parsiridicaretinaeM网膜睫状体部parsciliarisretinaeM网膜视部parsopticaretinaeM网膜色素上皮层retinalpigmentepitheliumorRPEM网膜感光层photoreceptorlayer“杆细胞retinalrod“锥细胞retinalcone，极细胞bipolarneuron

5、s神经节细胞，具轴突形成视神经ganglioncells,whoseaxonsformopticnerve"神经optic(al)nerve,斑maculalutea黄斑中心凹foveacentralis视盘/视乳头/W点（由视神经纤维和视网膜中央动脉构成）opticdisc/opticnervehead/blindspot(consistsofopticnervefibersandcentralarteryofretina)眼球内容物contentsofeyeball眼房（被虹膜分隔）chamberofeye(dividedbyiris)前房anteriorchamber后房pos

6、teriorchamber房水aqueoushumor房水的产生和循环productionandcirculationofaqueoushumorciliarybody-posteriorchamber-viapupil-anteriorchamber-viairidocornealangle-sinusvenosussclera-anteriorciliaryvein-ophthalmicvein晶状体crystallinelens晶体囊膜lenscapsule晶体皮质lenscortex晶状#alensnucleus带状纤维（睫状小带/晶体悬韧带）ciliaryzonules/suspen

7、soryligamentzonules玻璃体vitreousbody艮的屈光介质refractivemediaofeye"的血管VesselsofeyeM动脉OphthalmicarteryM网膜动脉和静脉retinalarteriesandveinsM网膜中央动脉centralretinalarteryM网膜鼻侧上小动脉Fourbranches:superiorandinferiornasalortemporalarterioleofretinaM网膜鼻侧下小动脉M网膜题侧上小动脉M网膜题侧下小动脉M静脉Ophthalmicvein艮上静脉Superiorophthalmicvei

8、n艮卜静脉InferiorophthalmicveinM网膜中央静脉centralretinalvein禺静脉vorticosevein艮附属器auxiliary/accessoryeyeorgans眼睑，其层次为皮肤、皮下组织、肌层（眼轮匝肌）、睑板（内有睑板腺）、睑结膜eyelids,includingskin,subcutaneousareolatissue,muscularlayer(orbicularisoculi),tarsus(tarsalglandsembedded),palpebralconjunctiva:吉膜conjunctiva佥结膜palpebralconjuncti

9、va，求结膜bulbarconjunctiva结膜穹隆：睑结膜与球结膜的移行处，分为结膜、穹和结膜卜穹conjunctivalfornix(superiorandinferior):lineofreflectionofbulbarandpalpebralconjunctiva"膜上穹superiorfornixofconjunctiva，吉膜囊conjunctivalsac目器lacrimalapparatus泪腺，位于眶上壁外侧的泪腺窝内，有排泄管lacrimalgland,occupiesfossaforlacrimalgland,hasducts泪道:包括泪点、泪小管（分上泪小

10、管和卜泪小«）、泪囊、鼻泪管。lacrimalpassages,includinglacrimalpuncta,lacrimalductules,lacrimalsac,nasolacrimalducttearisproducedbylacrimalgland,passesthroughsuperiorconjunctivalfornixintoconjunctivalsac.thenitisdrainedthroughlacrimalpunctum,lacrimalductule,lacrimalsacandnasolacrimalductintoinferiornasalmeat

11、us.M球外肌ocularmuscles;睑提肌levatorpalpebraesuperioris、直肌superiorrectusmuscle卜直肌inferiorrectusmuscle内直肌medialrectusmuscle"卜直肌Lateralretusmuscle、斜肌Superiorobliquemuscle斜肌inferiorobliquemuscle“眶内的结缔组织connectivetissueintheorbit艮眶（眶筋膜和眶脂体）orbit眼球筋膜鞘，从视神经到角巩膜缘，减少眼球运2时的摩擦bulbarsheath(Sheathofeyeball),ath

12、inmembrane,whichsurroundstheeyeballfromopticnervetocorneoscleraljunction,permitstheeyeballtomoveintheorbitwithoutfriction匡脂体Adiposebodyoforbit:liesbetweensheathofeyeballandtheorbit,actsasaprotectivecushionandshockabsorberfortheeyeballM脑膜duramater、基本概念M科医师，眼科专家Ophthalmologist/Oculist/eyedoctor"佥

13、光师optometrist，艮镜商，眼镜制造者optician，艮科学Ophthalmology，见觉失常ocularaberration"眼视觉binocularvision，艮前节ocularanteriorsegment，艮后节ocularposteriorsegment，午线meridian"状沟到睫状沟sulcustosulcus膜顶点Corneaapex，童孔扩张Pupildilatation，童孔散大mydriasis（眼OS=Oculussinister“眼0D=therighteye=oculusdexter感nolightperception,noLP为

14、盲simulatedblindness深度觉depthperceptionX处的平行光nearlyparallelraysfromdistantobject,处的发散光divergentraysfromcloseobject折射，屈光refraction“光状态refractivestatus屈光度，折光度（以米为单位的焦M的倒数）Diopteraunitofmeasurementoftherefractivepowerofalenswhichisequaltothereciprocalofthefocallengthmeasuredinmeters;usedbyoculists屈光不正，非正

15、视refractiveerror,ametropia波前像差/波阵面像差wavefrontaberration“视眼高阶像差higherorderaberrationsofmyopiceyes“像跳”现象JackintheboxM节accommodationJ视眼normal(emmetropic)eye1视眼nearsighted(myopic)eyeX视眼farsighted(hypermetropic)eye"视PresbyopiaX晶体眼aphakia（工晶状体植入Intraocularlensimplantment(IOL)凹透镜concaveslens凸透镜convexl

16、ens，艮压intraocularpressure,IOP"眼单视界horopter“眼单视界曲线horoptercurvemvisualfield中心视野centralvisualfieldX边视野peripheralvisualfield，对视野absolutevisualfield“对视野relativevisualfield，眼视野monocularvisualfield"眼视野binocularvisualfield卜视野colorvisualfieldM视野formvisualfield“野岛visualisland视线visualisopter面对面视野检查法

17、confrontationmethod明视觉，亮视觉，白昼视觉Photopicvision音视觉，微光视觉，夜视觉scotopicvisionu渡视觉，黄昏黎明黎明视觉mesopicvision音视觉和黄昏视觉noctovisionH暗眼scotopiceye明适应lightadaptation音适应darkadaptation口日九Scotopiclight，渡光Mesopiclight"光FotopiclightJ常视野normalvisualfield，状视野tubularvisualfield"旋状视野spiralvisualfieldM野缺损defectofvis

18、ualfield，见野缩小constrictionofvisualfieldhemianopsia，侧偏盲temporalhemianopsia“侧偏盲nasalhemianopsia“颗侧偏冒bitemporalhemianopsia”鼻侧偏盲binasalhemianopsia同侧偏盲homonymoushemianopsia，侧偏盲heteronymoushemianopsiaJ偏盲upperhemianopsia上偏盲lowerhemianopsia«平偏盲horizontalhemianopsia“限盲quadrantanopsia“斑回避sparingofmacula音点

19、scotoma“埋旨点physiologicalblindspot，对暗点absolutescotoma1目对暗点relativescotoma，性暗点positivescotoma，性暗点negativescotoma中心暗点centralscotomaH围暗点peripheralscotoma中心周围暗点pericentralscotoma"中心暗点paracentralscotoma，管暗点angioscotoma瓜形暗点arcuatescotomaX形暗点ringscotoma卜埋宜点外露baringofphysiologicalblindspot，德尔暗点Seidelsco

20、toma比耶鲁姆暗点Bjerrumscotoma卜内鼻侧阶梯Rnnenasalstep，音点计scotometer暗点测定法scotometryX觉lightsense,觉计photoptometer光觉检查法examinationoflightsense光觉测定法photoptometry音适应计darkadaptometer卜尔劳施屈曲Kohlrauschbend“盲计nyctometer，斑光应力试验macularphotostresstest中央凹密度测定法fovealdensitometry（觉colorsense,colorvision二色学说trichromatictheory眼

21、科疾病eyediseases远视（近视，散光）hyperopia(myopia,astigmatism)老视眼presbyopia先天（原发，继发）性青光眼congenital(primary,secondary)glaucoma闭角（医源）性青光眼closed-angle(iatrogenic)glaucoma老年黄斑受性Age-relatedmaculardegeneration,AMD先天（老年，外伤，糖尿病）性白内障congenital(senile,traumatic,diabetic)cataract斜视strabismus/squint内（外）斜视esotropia(exotro

22、pia)斜视纠正术：切割掉眼部某块肌肉或腱以纠正斜视的外科手术strabotomy:Thesurgicalcuttingofamuscleortendonoftheeyetocorrectstrabismus.弱视amblyopia眼疲劳asthenopia睑腺炎，麦粒肿hordeolum睑板腺炎blepharadenitis(meibomianitis)睑板腺囊肿chalazion睑炎blepharitis眼睑阵挛（松弛）blepharoclonus(blepharochalasis)睑内（外）翻entropion(ectropion)睑麻痹blepharoplegia自发（面神经，习惯）性

23、睑痉挛essential(facial,habitual)blepharospasm内眦赘皮epicanthus倒睫trichiasis睑粘连blepharosynechia球结膜水肿chemosis上睑下垂ptosis(blepharoptosis)泪管炎canaliculitis泪管狭窄dacryostenosis急（慢）性卡他性结膜炎acute(chronic)catarrhalconjunctivitis衣原体（流行性，淋病性）结膜炎chlamydia(epidemic,blennorrheal)conjunctivitis沙眼trachoma急（慢）性病毒性滤泡性结膜炎acute(c

24、hronic)viralfollicularconjunctivitis翼状母肉pterygium角膜溃疡（炎）cornealulcer(keratitis)干燥综合征Sjogren'ssyndrome眼球干燥症/干眼病：由于缺乏维生素A而引起的严重的眼球干燥和结膜增厚xerophthalmia:Extremedrynessandthickeningoftheconjunctiva,oftenresultingfromadeficiencyofvitaminA.结（角）膜干燥xerosisofconjunctiva(cornealxerosis)角膜糜烂cornealerosion角膜

25、环cornealannulus遗传性角膜营养不良hereditarycornealdystrophy角膜色素沉着cornealpigmentation血管翳pannus角膜白斑（云翳）cornealleukoma(nebula)前房积脓hypopyon角膜软化症keratomalacia虹膜（虹膜睫状体）炎iritis(iridocyclitis)虹膜粘连synechia脉络膜炎choroiditis葡萄膜炎uveitis散光astigmatism屈光殄差anisometropia色觉障碍dyschromatopsia色盲achromatopsia,colorblindness全色盲achro

26、matopsia,totalcolorblindness蓝（绿，红绿）色盲blue(green,red-green)blindness红色盲protanopsia绿色盲deuteranopsia红绿色盲anerythrochloropsia黄色盲axanthopsia蓝色盲tritanopsia黄蓝色盲axanthocyanopsia紫色盲anianthynopsy色弱colorweakness红色弱protanomalia（全）葡萄膜炎uveitis(panuveitis)瞳孔闭锁seclusionofpupil晶体脱位lensdislocation(luxationoflens)晶体半脱位

27、subluxationoflens玻璃体出血（外伤）vitreoushemorrhage(injury)玻璃体变性vitreousdegeneration视网膜动（静）脉闭塞retinalartery(vein)occlusion糖尿病（高血压）性视网膜病diabetic(hypertensive)retinopathy视网膜水肿edemaoftheretina视网膜炎retinitis视网膜脉络膜炎retinochoroiditis视网膜视乳头炎retinopapililitis视网膜剥脱retinaldetachment视网膜动脉硬化arteriosclerosisofretina黄斑（视

28、网膜）变性degenerationofmacula(retina)视网膜血管瘤retinalangioma视网膜梅毒（结核）syphilis(tuberculosis)ofretina飞蚊症muscaevolitantes生（病）理性眼球震颤physiologic(pathologic)nystagmus眼球凸出（凹陷）exophthalmos(enophthalmos)视神经炎opticneuritis脱髓鞘病变demyelinatingdisease视神经脊髓炎neuromgelitisoptica眼内异物intraocularforeignbody擦（挫，贯穿，戈U）伤abrasion(contusion,penetratinginjury,laceration)四、眼科设备综合验光仪Phoropter超声ultrasoundscan眼压计tonometer非接触式眼压计noncontactto