2017年高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(讲)-专题练习(七)及答案解析

1、2017年高考英语专题练习（七）阅读理解IV :篇章结构题（讲）一、阅读理解Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a

2、 bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the T

3、hree Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials （尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing base

4、ball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables （乘法 口诀表 ）are an exception to the general rule that

5、 we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习 ）for an examination, though it may result in apassing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramm

6、ing, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.1. The author explains the law of over learning by （）A . present

7、ing research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples二、考点篇章结构题【例 1】According to sociologists（社会学家）,every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification （阶层）.Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.Class mean

8、s a person's economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans be

9、long to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning $500, 000 a year and a bus driver earning $50, 000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in posi

10、tions of great power （such as governors） exercise（行使）big power, but people who take orders from others have less power.2 / 6Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding （相应的）economic clas

11、s. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U.S. Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a person 's position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but no

12、t necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.（2013 陕西 C）（P: Paragraph）【例 2 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever

13、 since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can

14、 teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle, twinkle, little star " or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials （尝试）increase the

15、length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as Cind

16、erella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables （乘法 口诀表 ）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramm

17、ing （突击学习 ）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on

18、the other hand, is really necessary for one ' s future development.（2012全国卷I D）3. The author explains the law of over learning by （ A . presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples【例 3】The need to feed a growing population is putting much pr

19、essure on the world 's supply of water. With 97% of the world 's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage（短缺）seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live i

20、n a high rainfall country, many of the world 's agriculture industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution （重新分配）are very high. Not only is there the cost of the enginee

21、ring itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys （山谷）are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each countr

22、y must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation （灌溉）. In Texas, farmers ' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the wate

23、r stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation wat

24、er from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.（2010安徽卷，E）4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? （）A . Steps to improve water use managemen

25、tB. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages D. Approaches to handle the pressure on water supply 三、【变式精练】【黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2017届高三9月月考】The main reason people come to America is said to be that they can chase the American Dream. Everyone has heard of it

26、, and many have died fighting for it. The only thing is that there is no clear definition of the American Dream. It is not defined by one dream, but by all the opportunities that the United States offers. Since the founding of the United States, people have been striving to define the American Dream

27、.In the play Death of a Salesman, every character is trying to realize his own version of the American Dream. Willy feels that he has done so. He has spent his whole life as a not very successful salesman. As he gets older, hestarts having conflicts with everyone in his life, and feels that only by

28、killing himself will the people around him be able to finally be happy.Bernard, on the other hand, feels that the American Dream can only be achieved through career success. He shows that through hard work and dedication he will be crowned with success.The dialogue of the characters reveals the diff

29、erent attitudes they have toward the American Dream, and the reaction of Willy to the fact that Bernard is very successful while he is not.Many people try to achieve the American Dream, but few actually do so. As with any goal, it takes hard work and dedication to achieve the American Dream. In Deat

30、h of a Salesman, all aspects of this goal are examined. For the goal to be achieved, the dream must be an attainable one which is worth working toward. It also must be a dream that the professional world accepts and finds useful.5 . What would be the correct structure of the text? （）（2011安徽卷,B）Think

31、 about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources（来源）,as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills （风车）began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were fir

32、st introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind（磨碎）wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remot

33、e areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pol

34、lution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.6 . What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? （）A . The advantage of wind