(完整版)全国计算机等级考试二级教程--C语言程序设计课后习题答案

1、全国计算机等级考试二级教程 -C 语言程序设计课后习题答案第一章1.1 EXE1.2 C OBJ EXE1.3 顺序 选择 循环第二章一. 选择题2.1 B 2.2 D 2.3 B 2.4 A 2.5 C 2.6 A 2.7 B2.8 B 2.9 D 2.10 C 2.11 B 2.12 B 2.13 A二. 填空题2.14 11 122.15 4.2 4.22.16 定义 执行语句2.17 关键字 用户标识符2.18 int float double2.19 float a1=1; float a2=1;2.20 存储单元2.21 3.52.22 (a*b)/c a*b/c a/c*b2.2

2、3 把常量 10 赋给变量 s2.24 位 1 或 02.25 8 127 0111111 -128 100000002.26 32767 -32768 10000000000000002.27 10 8 16三. 上机改错题2.28#include "stdio.h" 删除行尾的 ""*要紧靠“ / ” ,即应为“ /*”和“ */注释符号不可嵌套使用main(); / * main function * /删除 ")" 后的 "", 注释中的函数开始处遗失了一个“ ”float r ,s ; /*/*r is

3、radius*/,/* s is area of circuilar*/*/r = 5.0 ;s = 3.14159 * r * r ;printf("%fn",s) 行尾遗失了“ ; ” 函数结束处遗失了一个“ ”2.29#include "stdio.h"main /* main function */ main后遗失了“ () ”float a,b,c,v; /*a,b,c are sides, v is volume of cube */ a=2.0; b=3.0; c=4.0 行尾遗失了“ ; ”v=a*b*c;printf("%fn

4、", v) 行尾遗失了“ ; ”第三章一. 选择题3.1 C 3.2 C 3.3 D 3.4 C 3.5 D 3.6 B 3.7 C 3.8 D 3.9 A 3.10 B3.11 C 3.12 D 3.13 D 3.14 A 3.15 C 3.16 C 3.17 C 3.18无答案 3.19 C 3.20 B二. 填空题3.21 (1)-2002500(2)i=-200,j=2500(3)i=-200j=25003.22 12 0 03.23 一条语句 ;3.24 ;3.25 100,25.81,1.89234 100 25.81 1.89234 100 25.81 1.892343

5、.26 x=127,x= 127,x= 177,x= 7f,x= 1273.27 x=127,x=127 ,x=$127 ,x=$000127,x=%06d3.28 a=513.789215,a= 513.79,a= 513.78921500,a= 513.78921500三 . 编程题和改错题3.29 修改后的程序如下：main()double a,b,c,s,v; printf("input a,b,c:"); scanf("%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c); s =a*b;v=a*b*c; printf("

6、a=%f,b=%f,c=%fn", a,b,c); printf("s=%f,v=%fn",s,v);3.30#includemain()int a=560,b=60;printf("560 minute is %d hour and %d minute.n",a/b,a%b); 3.31#includemain()int a,b; a=1500;b=350;printf("a div b is : %dn",a/b); printf("a mod b is : %dn",a%b);3.32#includ

7、e main() double a,b,c,ave;printf ("input 3 double number : n"); scanf ("%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c);printf ("%.1fn",(a+b+c)/3);3.33#includevoid main()int a,b,c,t; printf(" 请依次输入整数 a,b,c:"); scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);printf("n 你输入

8、的值是 : a=%d,b=%d,c=%dn",a,b,c); t=b;b=a;a=c;c=t;printf(" 交换之后的值是 :a=%d,b=%d,c=%dn",a,b,c); 第四章一. 选择题4.1 A 4.2 A 4.3 A 4.4 D 4.5 C 4.6 A 4.7 B 4.8 C 4.9 D 4.10 C 二. 填空题4.11 非 0 04.12 < > >= <= 同级 = ！ = 同级4.13 ! && |4.15 !4.16 a = b | a < c x > 4 | x < -44.17

9、 14.18 x <= 0 1 > 04.19 3 2 24.20 *#三 . 编程题4.21 略4.22#include /* 检查日期的合法性 */int checkdate(int year , int month, int day)if(year < 1900 | year > 2005)printf(" 输入的年份无效 !n"); return 0;else if(month < 0 && month > 12)printf(" 输入的月份无效 !n"); return 0;else if(d

10、ay <= 0 && day > 31)printf(" 输入的日期无效 !n"); return 0;elseswitch(month)case 4:case 6:case 9:case 11:if(day > 30)printf(" 输入的日期无效 !n"); return 0;break;case 2:if(year%4 = 0 && year%100 != 0) | year%400 = 0) if(day > 29)printf(" 输入的日期无效 !n"); retu

11、rn 0;elseif(day > 28)printf(" 输入的出生日期无效 !n");return 0;break;/* end of switch(m0)*/return 1;void main()int y0, m0, d0; /* 生日 */int y1, m1, d1; /* 当前日期 */int years, months, days; /* 实足年龄 */printf(" 请输入学生的生日 :"); scanf("%d%d%d", &y0,&m0,&d0);if(checkdate(y0,

12、 m0, d0)printf(" 请输入当前日期 :"); scanf("%d%d%d", &y1,&m1,&d1);/* 当前日期合法性检查 */if(!checkdate(y1, m1, d1)return;else if(y0 > y1)printf(" 出生年份比当前年份晚 !n");return;else if(y0 = y1)if(m0 > m1)printf(" 出生年月比当前年月晚 !n");return;else if(m0 = m1)if(d0 > d1

13、)printf(" 出生年月日比当前年月日晚 !n");return;/* 计算实足年龄 */ years = y1 - y0; months = m1 - m0; days = d1 - d0;/* 修正实足年龄天数 */ if(days < 0) months-;switch(m1)case 1: case 5: case 7: case 10: case 12: days += 30; break;case 2: case 4: case 6: case 8: case 9: case 11: days += 31; break;case 3:if(y1%4 =

14、 0 && y1%100 != 0) | y1%400 = 0) days += 29; else days += 28;break;/* end of switch(m1) */* end of if(days < 0) */* 修正实足年龄月数 */ if(months < 0)months += 12;years-;/* end of if(months < 0) */ printf(" 出生日期 : %d 年%d 月%d 日n", y0, m0, d0);printf(" 当前日期 : %d 年%d 月 %d 日n&quo

15、t;, y1, m1, d1);printf(" 实足年龄 : %d 年%d 月 %d 日n", years, months, days);return;4.23#includevoid main()int a;printf (" 请输入一个整数 :");scanf ("%d",&a);if (a%2=0)printf ("%d 是偶数 n", a);elseprintf ("%d 是奇数 n", a);4.24#includevoid main()int a,b,c,temp,max;

16、printf (" 请输入三个整数 :"); scanf ("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c); temp=(a>b)? a:b; max=(temp>c)? temp:c;printf ("n");%d.n",max);printf (" 你输入的数中最大的是 4.25(1) 不嵌套的 if 语句#includevoid main()int x,y;printf("input x :"); scanf("%d",&x);if

17、 ( x>-5 && x<0 )printf("y is %dn",y=x);if ( x=0 )printf("y is %dn",y=x-1);if ( x>0 && x<10 )printf("y is %dn",y=x+1);if ( x>=10 | x<=-5)printf("errorn");(2) 嵌套的 if 语句#includevoid main()int x,y; printf("input x :"); s

18、canf("%d",&x);printf("n");if(x < 0)if(x > -5)printf("y is %d.n",y=x);elseprintf("error!n");if(0 = x)printf("y is %d.n",y=x-1);if(x > 0)if(x < 10)printf("y is %d.n",y=x+1);elseprintf("error!n");(3) if_else 语句#includ

19、evoid main()int x,y;printf("input x :");scanf("%d",&x);if( x>-5 && x<0 )printf("y is %d.n",y=x);else if( x=0 )printf("y is %d.n",y=x-1);else if( x>0 && x<10 )printf("y is %d.n",y=x+1); elseprintf("error!n");(

20、4) switch 语句#includevoid main()int x,y; printf("input x : "); scanf("%d",&x);switch (x)case -4:case -3:case -2:case -1:printf("y is %d.n",y=x); break;case 0:printf("y is %d.n",y=x-1); break;case 1:case 2:case 3:case 4:case 5:case 6:case 7:case 8:case 9:pri

21、ntf("y is %d.n",y=x+1); break;default: printf("error!n");第五章选择题5.1 D 5.2 C 5.3 B 5.4 C 5.5 C 5.6 B 5.7 D 5.8 A 5.9 D 5.10 D 二. 填空题5.11 5 4 65.12 死循环5.13 -15.14 115.15 d=1.0 k+ k<=n5.16 x>=0 x三 . 编程题5.17#includevoid main()int i;int sig = 1;int sum = 0;for(i=1; i<=101; i+,

22、i+)sum += sig*i;sig *= -1;printf("sum=%dn", sum);5.18(1)#includevoid main()int i;double m=1.0;double e = 1.0;for(i=1; i<50; i+)m *= i;e += 1/m;printf("e=%fn",e);(2)#include void main() int i=1;double m=1.0;double e = 1.0; while(1/m >= 0.0004) m *= i;e += 1/m; i+; printf(&qu

23、ot;e=%fn",e);5.19#includevoid main() int year;int col = 0;for(year=1600; year<=2000; year+)if(year%4 = 0 && year%100 != 0) | year%400 = 0) printf("%dt", year); col+;if(col%5 = 0) printf("n"); printf("n");5.20 #include #define N 7 void main()int i;int j;i

24、nt m;int k = N/2;for(i=0; i m = i-k;if(m < 0)m *= -1;for(j=0; j printf(" ");for(j=0; j<2*(k-m)+1; j+) printf("*");printf("n");第六章 一. 选择题6.1 B 6.2 D 6.3 A 6.4 A 6.5 B 6.6 D 6.7 D 6.8 B 6.9 A 6.10 A 6.11 C 二. 填空题6.12 -16.13 16.14 ctype.h6.15 16.16 10A 20B 30C 40D6.1

25、7 7.29 101.298AB6.18 A7.29B101.2986.19 A B C ( 每个字符后有三个空格 )三 . 编程题6.20#include#define N 80void main() char strN; int iLoop = 0; gets(str); while(striLoop) printf("%c-%dt", striLoop,striLoop); iLoop+;if(iLoop%3 = 0) printf("n"); printf("n");6.21 #include #define N 80void

26、 main() char strN;int num = 0; int iLoop = 0; gets(str);while(striLoop)if(striLoop >= '0' && striLoop <= '9') num = 10*num + (striLoop - '0'); iLoop+; printf("%dn",num);6.22 #include #include#define N 80void main() char strN;int num = -1;dogets(str);nu

27、m+;while(strcmp(str , "EOF");printf(" 您输入了 %d 行字符！ n",num);6.23#include#define N 80void main()char strN;int iLoop = 0;int num = 0;gets(str);while(striLoop && iLoop < N)if(striLoop >= 'a' && striLoop <= 'z')num+;iLoop+;printf(" 您输入了字符中

28、有 %d 个小写字母！ n",num); 6.24#includevoid main()int line;int iLoop1;int iLoop2;printf(" 请输入图案的行数 ( 不大于 26):"); scanf("%d", &line);for(iLoop1 = 0; iLoop1 < line; iLoop1+)for(iLoop2 = 0; iLoop2 < line - iLoop1; iLoop2+) printf(" ");for(iLoop2 = 0; iLoop2 < 2

29、*iLoop1+1; iLoop2+) printf("%c",iLoop1 + 'A'); printf("n");第七章一. 选择题7.1 C 7.2 C 7.3 B 7.4 C 7.5 A 7.6 D 7.7 A二. 填空题7.8 127.9 9.0000007.10 47.11 n=1 s7.12 <=y z*x7.13 1 s*i 0 f(k)三 . 程序调试和编程题7.14 fun(int n) int k,yes;for(k=2; k<=n/2; k+)if(n%k = 0) yes = 0; break; el

30、se yes = 1; return yes;7.15int mymod(int a, int b) return a%b;7.16 double fun(int n) double sum = 0;int iLoop;int sig = -1;for(iLoop=1; iLoop<=n; iLoop+) sig *= -1;sum += sig*1.0/iLoop;return sum;7.17 double fun(int n) double t = 1.0; int iLoop; long tmp;for(iLoop=2; iLoop<=n; iLoop+) tmp = iL

31、oop*iLoop;t -= 1.0/tmp; return t;7.18#include#includedouble fun(double x)return x*x + 5*x + 4;void main()int x = 2;printf("y1=%fn", fun(x); printf("y2=%fn", fun(x+15); printf("y3=%fn", fun(sin(x); 第八章一. 选择题8.1 A 8.2 B 8.3 B 8.4 C 8.5 B 8.6 B 8.7 C 8.8 D 8.9 B 8.10 C 8.1

32、1 C 8.12 C 二. 填空题8.13 1108.14 7 18.15 (1)char *p=&ch; (2) p=&ch; (3)scanf("%c",p); (4)*p='A' (5)printf("%c",*p);8.16 (1)s=p+3; (2)s=s-2 (3)50 (4)*(s+1) (5)2 (6)10 20 30 40 50三 . 编程题8.17void fun(double x, double y, double *sum, double *div)*sum = x + y;*div = x - y

33、;return;8.18void fun(double x, double y, double z, double *max, double *min)*max = x;*min = x;if(*max < y)*max = y;if(*max < z)*max = z;if(*min > y)*min = y;if(*min > z)*min = z;return;第九章一. 选择题9.1 D 9.2 A 9.3 A 9.4 C 9.5 C 9.6 A 9.7 B 9.8 D 9.9 C 9.10 C9.11 C 9.12 D 9.13 D 9.14 A 9.15 A

34、 9.16 A 9.17 C 9.18 C填空题9.19 9 09.20 69.21 129.22 39.23 27219.24 -850,2,09.25 k=p k9.26 (c=getchar() c-'A'三 . 编程题9.27#include#define N 81int main()int counter10 = 0;int iLoop = 0; char strN;gets(str); while(striLoop)if(striLoop >= '0' && striLoop <= '9')counters

35、triLoop - '0'+;iLoop+;for(iLoop=0; iLoop < 10; iLoop+)printf("%d - %dn", iLoop, counteriLoop); return 0;9.28void fun(int array, int arraysize, int start) int iLoop;if(start < arraysize-1)if(start <=0) start = 1;for(iLoop = start; iLoop < arraysize; iLoop+) arrayiLoop-1

36、= arrayiLoop; for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < arraysize; iLoop+) printf("No.%d = %dn", iLoop, arrayiLoop);9.29int fun(int arry1, int arry2, int arrysize) int iLoop;int counter = 0; for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < arrysize; iLoop+) if(arry1iLoop % 2) arry2counter+ = arry1iLoop; return counter;9.30 void

37、 fun(char array, int arraysize) int iLoop1; int iLoop2;char temp;/* 冒泡排序 */for(iLoop1 = 0; iLoop1 < arraysize - 1; iLoop1+)for(iLoop2 = 0; iLoop2 < arraysize - 1 - iLoop1; iLoop2+) if(arrayiLoop2 < arrayiLoop2 + 1)temp = arrayiLoop2; arrayiLoop2 = arrayiLoop2 + 1; arrayiLoop2 + 1 = temp;9.3

38、1 #includevoid fun(int array, int arraysize, int inertNumber)int iLoop;int iLoop2;if(array0 < arrayarraysize-1)for(iLoop = 0; iLoop< arraysize; iLoop+)if(arrayiLoop > inertNumber)for(iLoop2 = arraysize - 1; iLoop2 >= iLoop; iLoop2-) arrayiLoop2 + 1 = arrayiLoop2;arrayiLoop = inertNumber;

39、 break;if(iLoop >= arraysize)arrayarraysize = inertNumber;elsefor(iLoop = 0; iLoop< arraysize; iLoop+)if(arrayiLoop < inertNumber)for(iLoop2 = arraysize - 1; iLoop2 >= iLoop; iLoop2-) arrayiLoop2 + 1 = arrayiLoop2;arrayiLoop = inertNumber; break;if(iLoop >= arraysize) arrayarraysize =

40、 inertNumber;int main()int iLoop;int a20 = 7,6,5,3,2,1;for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < 6; iLoop+) printf("%d ", aiLoop);printf("n");fun(a, 6, 0);for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < 7; iLoop+) printf("%d ", aiLoop);printf("n");fun(a, 7, 4);for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < 8; iLoop+)

41、printf("%d ", aiLoop);printf("n");fun(a, 8, 8);for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < 9; iLoop+)printf("%d ", aiLoop);printf("n");return 0;9.32int fun(int number , int array)int iLoop = 0;int iLoop2;int binLen;int midNumber;int div;int remain;midNumber = number;dodiv = mid

42、Number/2; remain = midNumber%2; midNumber = div; arrayiLoop+ = remain; while(midNumber);binLen = iLoop;for(iLoop2 = 0, iLoop = binLen - 1; iLoop2 < iLoop; iLoop2+, iLoop-) midNumber = arrayiLoop2; arrayiLoop2 = arrayiLoop; arrayiLoop = midNumber;return binLen;9.33#include#include #define N 15void

43、 fun(int array, int arraysize)int x;int iLoop;int iLoop2;for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < arraysize; iLoop+) iLoop2 = 0;x = rand()%20; do if(x = arrayiLoop2 && iLoop > 0)x = rand()%20; iLoop2 = 0;iLoop2+;while(iLoop2 < iLoop); arrayiLoop = x;int main()int aN;int iLoop;fun(a, N);for(iLoop = 0;

44、 iLoop < N; iLoop+) printf("%dn", aiLoop);return 0;第十章一. 选择题10.1 C 10.2 B 10.3 C 10.4 B 10.5 C 10.6 A 10.7 C 10.8 A 10.9 C 10.10 C 二. 填空题10.11 GFEDCB10.12 XYZ10.13 SO10.14 1010.15 Itis10.16 strlen(str)-1 j-10.17 310.18 goodgood ！三 . 编程题10.19char* mygets(char *str)int iLoop = 0;char ch;w

45、hile(ch=getchar() != 'n')striLoop+ = ch;striLoop = '0'return str;char * myputs(char *str) int iLoop = 0; while(striLoop) putchar(striLoop+); putchar('n'); return str;10.20#include#includeint fun(char *str) int len;int iLoop1;int iLoop2;int result = 1;len = strlen(str);for(iLo

46、op1 = 0, iLoop2 = len - 1; iLoop1 < iLoop2; iLoop1+, iLoop2-) if(striLoop1 != striLoop2)result = 0; break;return result;int main()char a20 = "ABCDCBA"char b20 = "ABCDEBA"printf("%dn", fun(a);printf("%dn", fun(b);return 0; 10.21char fun(char *str , int pos)

47、int len;int iLoop; char ch;len = strlen(str); if(pos > len) return NULL;ch = strpos;for(iLoop = pos; iLoop < len - 1; iLoop+) striLoop = striLoop + 1; strlen-1 = '0' return ch;第十一章 一. 选择题11.1 D 11.2 B 11.3 A 11.4 C二. 填空题11.5 IJKLEFGHABCD11.6 711.7 811.8 *(s+j) i+1 i11.9 1711.10 (*fun)(

48、) (*fun)(a+i*h)/h mypoly三 . 编程题11.11 #include #include #define N 81 int main(int argc, char *argv) char sig;int dig; int pos;char strN = '0' char outStrN = '0'if(argc < 2)sig = '-'dig = 10;elsesig = argv10;dig = argv11 - '0'printf(" 请输入一个字符串： "); gets(str

49、);if(sig = '-')pos = strlen(str) - dig;if(pos <= 0)pos = 0;strcpy(outStr , str + pos);else if(sig = '+')strcpy(outStr , str); pos = strlen(outStr);if(pos > dig)pos = dig;outStrpos = '0'printf(" 处理后的字串为： "); printf("%sn", outStr);return 0;11.12#includ

50、e #include void movebin(char *bin) int len; int iLoop;len = strlen(bin);for(iLoop = len; iLoop > 0; iLoop-) biniLoop = biniLoop - 1; return;void fun(int n, char *bin) int pos;pos = strlen(bin); if(n = 0) return; if(n = 1) movebin(bin); bin0 = '1' return; movebin(bin); bin0 = (n%2) + '

51、0'n /= 2; fun(n, bin); return;int main() int a = 4;char bin50 = ""fun(a, bin); printf("%sn", bin);return 0; 11.13#include long fun(int n) if(n = 1) return n;elsereturn fun(n-1) + n;int main() int num; int sum;printf(" 请输入一个自然数： "); scanf("%d", &num);su

52、m = fun(num);printf(" 结果是： %dn", sum);return 0;11.14#includeint fun(int n)if(n = 0 | n = 1) return 1;elsereturn fun(n-1) + fun(n-2);int main()int num; int result;printf(" 请输入一个自然数： ");scanf("%d", &num);result = fun(num);printf(" 斐波拉契级数为： %dn", result);retu

53、rn 0;第十二章一. 选择题12.1 B 12.2 B 12.3 A 12.4 C 12.5 D 12.6 B 12.7 A 12.8 A二. 填空题12.9 2,5,1,2,3,-212.10 2468第十三章一. 选择题13.1 A 13.2 C 13.3 B 13.4 C 13.5 D 13.6 D 13.7 D二. 填空题13.8 ar=9 ar=9 ar=1113.9 int* s *b三 . 编程题13.10#define MYALPHA(C) (C>='A' && C<='Z') | (C>='a'

54、; && C<='z') ? 1 : 013.11#define SWAP(t,x,y) t tmp; tmp=x; x=y; y=tmp;13.12#include#include int main()int *p;int tmp;int iLoop;int iLoop2;p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*3);scanf("%d%d%d", p,p+1,p+2); for(iLoop = 0; iLoop < 2; iLoop+) for(iLoop2 = 0; iLoop2 < 2 - iLo

55、op; iLoop2+) if(*(p + iLoop2) > *(p + iLoop2 + 1) tmp = *(p + iLoop2);*(p + iLoop2) = *(p + iLoop2 + 1);*(p + iLoop2 + 1) = tmp; printf("%d %d %dn", *p, *(p+1), *(p+2);free(p); p = NULL; return 0; 第十四章一. 选择题14.1 D 14.2 D 14.3 D 14.4 A 14.5 C 14.6 C 14.7 C 14.8 B二. 填空题14.9 struct link *n

56、ext14.10 p->next m>p->data14.11 (struct list*) struct list struct list* struct list return h三 . 编程题14.12 #include #define N 3struct stud char num5, name10;int s4; double ave; ;void readrec(struct stud array, int size)int iLoop;for(iLoop=0; iLoop scanf("%s%s%d%d%d%d", arrayiLoop.nu

57、m, arrayiL, &arrayiLoop.s0, &arrayiLoop.s1,&arrayiLoop.s2, &arrayiLoop.s3);arrayiLoop.ave = (arrayiLoop.s0 + arrayiLoop.s1 + arrayiLoop.s2 + arrayiLoop.s3)/4.0;return;void writerec(struct stud array, int size)int iLoop;for(iLoop=0; iLoop printf("%st%st%dt%dt%dt%dt%fn", arrayiLoop.num,arrayiL,arrayiLoop.s0, arrayiLoop.s1,arrayiLoop.s2,arrayiLoop.s3, arrayiLoop.ave);return;int main() struct stud stuN;readrec(stu, N); writerec(stu, N);return 0;14.13#include#include#define N 100struct node