[外语学习]词义猜测技巧之 通过上下文进行词义猜测ppt课件

1、词义猜测题解题策略词义猜测题解题策略Lead inThe scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants an

2、d woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. 67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “_”. A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination _ 词义猜测题常见的考查形式：词义猜测题常见的考查形式： 1) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _. 2) The world “” in the paragraph refe

3、rs to _. 3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean? 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”? 5) The world “” most nearly means _ . 6) What do you think the expression “” stand for? 词义猜测题解题策略之词义猜测题解题策略之-通过上下文进行词义猜测通

4、过上下文进行词义猜测 猜词是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索和构词法。高考阅读文章中更侧重前者。2008200920102011 1 1 1 1 技巧点拨技巧点拨 【例例1】 In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation

5、. 词义：词义：_困境困境 Skill 1： 通过通过_进行猜测进行猜测定义句的谓语动词多为：定义句的谓语动词多为：_ be called, be known as, define, represent等。等。 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,Practice : His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 词义：词义：_ 动物学家动物学家 定义或释义关系定义或释义关系 技巧点拨技巧点拨 【例例2】 1) They traveled a

6、 long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. _2) We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week. _3) In fact，only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat , exist in the U.S. today. (NMET 2005浙江浙江) _古城堡古城堡夜班夜班野猫野猫Skill 2： 通过通过_进行猜测进行猜测同位关系同位关系Practice : You should

7、never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use aswab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you should never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.()What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?A. something soft, sma

8、ll and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at homeC. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy 技巧点拨技巧点拨 【例例3】 1)If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. _2) Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was

9、sure that he was innocent of the thing. _不同意不同意无辜的无辜的Skill 3： 通过通过_进行猜测进行猜测对比关系或反义关系对比关系或反义关系表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有：表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有：_yet, despite，in spite of，instead等，等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号有时也用破折号或冒号等符号.but，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，【例例4】 Some family names were made by adding something t

10、o the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the ODonnells are descendants of the same Donnell. (NMET 201

11、0 江苏江苏) The underlined word “descendants” means a persons_.A. later generations B. friends and relatives C. colleagues partners D. later sponsors name. English-speakingSkill 4： 通过通过_进行猜测进行猜测例证例证表示举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息表示举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息词有词有_等，也有等，也有e.g.(举例举例) 、i.e(也就是）也就是）。 for example，for instance，su

12、ch as，in other words，that is to say，namelyPractice : On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.词义：词义：_家禽家禽【例例5】 When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they mad

13、e the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. (NMET 2004 广东广东) The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours .A.attracted the customers strongly

14、B.B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest Skill 5： 通过通过_进行猜测进行猜测因果关系因果关系表示因果关系的信息词有表示因果关系的信息词有_等，也有等，也有e.g.(举例举例) 、i.e(也就是）也就是）。 because，as，since，for， thus，so，therefore 【例例6】Tom cant find Tom cant find his his sneakerssneake

15、rs. . C. shoesC. shoesTom cant find his Tom cant find his white white sneakerssneakersTom cant play tennis now because Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white he cant find his white sneakerssneakers. .A. moneyA. moneyB. bowlsB. bowlsSkill 6： 通过通过_进行猜测进行猜测生词所在的上下文生词所在的上下文 1.When I fir

16、st became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well-paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for

17、 a small local area? I wanted to know.(NMET 2006 广东广东) The underlined phrase “turn his bake on ”most probably means A.leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on 2. There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new b

18、ucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?A. Dirty. B. Dark. C. Worn-out. D. Plain-looking. ( 2011 全国全国II E ) I didnt hear them call my name,” explained Shelley Hennig

19、 to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. Are you ready? is what she heard. Then she said, I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announced again.” It was four days after that life changing moment f