2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+重难点课时+第2讲+Word版含答案

1、高中英语讲义第2讲非谓语动词无论在语法填空还是短文改错中，非谓语动词都是历年高考的必考点，是考 生必须要掌握的知识。在解答有关非谓语动词类的试题时，考生同样必须要分清 是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如果句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词 并列连 词或从句连词，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词形式。当我们确定应用非谓语动词 后，就要根据相应的语法知识去判断应使用非谓语动词的哪种形式，是v.ing、v. 一 ed形式还是不定式。考点感悟好好努力梦想终会实现-12 -nasty语法填空语法填空对非谓语动词作主语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语、补语都会有所涉及， 其中作状语、定语、宾语和补语的考查 更为突出。感1.

2、（2019天津滨海七所重点学校联考）（free） the students from their endless homework the school has decided to take a series of measures.答案：To free句意：为了把学生从没 完没了的作业中解放出来，学校决定采 取一系列措施。本句已经存在谓语动词 且句中没有连词，故free只能作非谓语 动词，在本句中作目的状语故用不定式。2 .（2019江苏无锡高三期末）A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has led to 6 high schoo

3、l students（send） to hospital.答案：being sent句意：纽约一个疑似 食品中毒的案件已经导致6名高中生被 送到医院了。lead to “导致”，其中的 短文改错短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要 集中于动词与非谓语动词的误用、现在 分词与过去分词的误用、不定式符号的 误用、缺失或多余。感 1.（2019 全国卷出）I want my cafe have a special theme such as“Tang Dy答案：cafe 后加 to want sb/sth. to dosth.希望某人/某物做某事”。3 .（2017 全国卷 H ）When summer

4、comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables.答案：pick 前力口 to invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人去做某事”。4 .（2015 全国卷 H ）We hope that all of us will devote our efforts to protect pandas and let them live in the wild again some day.to是介词，后面接动名词的复合结构：逻辑主语（6 high school students计动名 词，因为studen

5、ts和send之间是被动关 系，故用动名词的被动式。3 .（2019 汪苏高考）China's image is improving steadily, with more countries（recognize） its role in international affairs.答案：recognizing句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。此处是with复合 结构（with + 宾语+宾补），more countries 与recognize （承认，认识，认可）之间是 主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。4 .（2018 北京高考）（travel）

6、along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.答案：Traveling此处为动名词作主语 的用法。5 .（2018 江苏高考）Around 13, 500 new jobs were created during the period, （exceed） the expected numberof 12, 000 held by market analysts.答案：exceeding此处用非谓语动词作 结果状语，exceed与主语Around 13, 500 new jobs为主动关系，且与句子谓语动 词

7、没有先后关系，故应用现在分词。6 .（2018 天津高考）It took him a long time （acquire） the skills he needed to答案：protectf protecting devote . to .“致力于”，其中的to为介词而非不定式符号，故其后应跟动名词形式。4 .（2019 广州调研）They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask their friends and relatives for help.答案：going-go根据语意语境可知, 该句陈述的是当

8、前的行为，且此处与 send, ask并列，故应用动词原形。5 .（2016 全国卷出）I showed them I was independent by wear.答案：wear-wearing 介词后应用动名词形式作宾语。6 .（2016 四川高考）Mom was grateful and moving.答案：moving一moved 根据语意 “妈 妈很感激和感动”可知，此处应用由过 去分词转化而来的形容词moved作表 语，意为“感动的”，用来修饰人。become a good dancer.答案:to acquire 此处为 It takes/took sb.to do sth.固

9、定句式。7.(2018 北京图考)Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.答案：used此处为非谓语动词作状语的用法，use与逻辑主语为被动关系。8.(2018 天津高考)I need a new passportso I will have to have my photograph (take).答案：taken此处为非谓语动词作宾补的用法，take与宾语photograph为被动关系。悟 无论语法填空还是短文改错，熟悉非谓语动词的基本用法及作同种成分时 的用法区别都是解题的关键。另外平时还要多记

10、固定搭配和常用形式，学会分析 句子结构，判断句子成分，这样/I能以/、艾应万及。考点素能一非谓语动词的解题原则原则1 了解句法功能，分析句子结构，判断句子成分，确定非谓语动词形式非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、补语多种成分，理 解非谓语动词的句法功能，判断出其应作哪种成分是解题的关键。作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多的高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一

11、处的出行变得更容易了。（表结果）All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。（表伴随）特别提醒源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种 状态,常见的有：seated比着的）,devoted （专注的），lost/absorbed in耻溺于）,dressed in （穿着）等。Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式非谓语动

12、词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然 的结果要想到用现在分词。He hurried to the stationonly to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。（表出乎意料的结果）非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非 谓语动词作时间

13、状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。I am only too glad to see everything settled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。Being tired, he went to bed early.因为很累，他很早就睡了。作主语时常用动名词，作介词的宾语时一定用动名词 分析句子成分，如果一个经常性、习惯性的动作作主语，常用v. ing形式。Knowing basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。 介词和

14、带介词to的固定搭配一定跟v.ing作宾语。I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我希望尽快收到你的来信。作表语时指物用v.一ing,指人用v. 一ed形式 牢记v. 一ing作表语或定语时常指物，v.ed作表语或定语时常指人。He was very shocked to learn the shocking news that his wife was killed in a traffic accident.得知他的妻子在交通事故中死亡这一令人震惊的消息时，他非常吃惊。原则2利用固定搭配或习惯用法，确

15、定非谓语动词形式牢记用v.ing/to do形式作宾语的词（短语） 接v. - ing形式作宾语的常用动词 （短语）有：suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, avoid, delay, include, deny, escape, advise, finish, miss, forgive, consider, recommend, forbid, give up, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote . to, pay

16、attention t冷。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 接to do形式作宾语的常用动词（短语）有:decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose, desire, hope, afford, agree, learn, determine, demand, offer, make up one's mind, would like等。Nervous and anx

17、ious, Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview.又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。 有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示 的含义不同。to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事to do sth.忘记去做某事 未做 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 已做to do sth.记着去做某事 未做 rememberdoing sth.记得做过某事已做to do sth.遗憾地要去做某事 未做 regret doing sth.后悔做过

18、某事已做to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.试着做某事to do sth.继续做另外一件事goon doing sth.继续做同一件事to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can't helpdoing sth.情不自禁地做某事I regret to tell you that he didn't take your application into consideration.我很遗憾地告诉你他没有考虑你的申请。I regret making rude comments on your appearance.我很后悔对你的外表做了粗鲁的评论。掌握非谓语动词

19、的几种句型公式不定式作宾语补足语tell/order/ persuadeforce/ warn/encourage/ ask/invite+sb. to do sth.I'd like to invite you to take part in the activity.我想邀请你参加这项活动。用省略“to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。五看：look at/watch/ notice/see/observe sb. do sth；三使： make/have/ let sb. do sth.；二听：listen to/hear sb. do sth；一感觉：f

20、eel sb. do sth.The boss made the workersdo the work all day.老板迫使工人们整天干活。用于it形式主语结构中It + be+名词或形容词(no good/no use/a pleasureworthwhile/ useless计动词 -ing;It + be+形容词(difficult /kind/ clever等)+ for/of sb. to do sth.；It + takes+ sb.+ some time+ to do sth.As is known to us, it's no usecomplaining with

21、out taking action.众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。with复合结构中补足语的比较sb./sth. doing表主动、进行with sth. done表被动、完成sth. to do表将来With so many peoplelooking at him, he felt very nervous.那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.问题解决了，质量也提高了。有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构需牢记considering that 鉴于，考虑至Ujudging by/from 从来

22、判断supposingproviding/ provided/assuming that .假定，假设compared with/to 与相比Michael's new house is like a huge palacecompared with his old one.与迈克尔的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。原则3理清逻辑关系，确定非谓语动词形式解答非谓语动词的试题时，要能辨明其与逻辑主语的关系为主动关系还是被 动关系，主动考虑用v.一ing形式，被动则考虑用v. 一ed形式。非谓语动词作定语若非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时用现在分词，为被动关系 时用过去分词。

23、“Things lost never come again “ I couldn't help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语：“覆水难收啊！”Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨晚，有上百万的人观看开幕式的电视直播。非谓语动词作状语/补语若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词 动作的发出者，即主谓关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承 受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。Translated into

24、 English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.这个句子被译成英语后，被发现有一个完全不同的语序。Hearing the good news, they were all excited.听到这个消息，他们都非常激动。若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。若宾语是分词 动作的发出者，即主谓关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动 作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。I saw him climbing the fence just now.我刚才看见他在爬栅栏。A vi

25、llager saw the little girl taken away by a middle aged lady.一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。原则4根据动作先后及逻辑关系，确定非谓语动词形式做题时，我们要根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序，去确定 非谓语动词的时态，根据其与逻辑主语的主被动关系去确定语态。非谓语动词形式意义过去分词表示被动、完成不定式的被动式表小被动且尚未发生现在分词的被动式表小被动、进行动名词的被动式表小被动非谓语动词的完成式非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前We are invited to a partyto be held in our clu

26、b next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it.被告知了多次，他仍旧不明白。二非谓语动词的易错易混点易错易混点1现在分词和过去分词作状语现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词 作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。典例 1 （2019 福州八中质检）（realize） it was our last high schoolsports meeting, we decided to make it an

27、 unforgettable experience for all of us.解析 Realizing分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与句子主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填 Realizing0典例 2（2019 蚌埠二中模拟）Greatly （encourage）, the teamconducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.解析 encouraged分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状 语，encourage与句子主语the team

28、之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 encouraged易错易混点2现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语作前置定语和表语时，现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为“令人的”，后者意为“感到的”。典例 1 （2019 全国卷田）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel(challenge)解析 challenged feel为系动词，后接形容词；此处表示“被挑战的”，用由过去分词转化来的形容词 challenged典例 2 (2019 山

29、西省实验中学质检)Dennis Williams, the new owner of thephone numbers, responded to the(excite) baby news.解析 exciting此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示“令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息”。故填excitingo典例3 (2019山西长泊二中等五校一联)With a(puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said, “Me? ”解析 puzzled句意：脸上带着疑惑的表情，我指着自己说： “我吗？” a puzzled look "困惑的表

30、情”；过去分词表示人的心理特征，也用于修饰体现内心 感受的 look, expression, tears, voic好名词。过关检测(限时：30分钟)I .单句语法填空1. (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.答案：To catch2. There is a door(lead) to the garden.答案：leading3. They worked day and night,(finish) the work ahead of time.答案：finishing4.

31、 The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains (discuss) at the next meeting.答案：to be discussed5. (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.答案：Absorbed6. (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey you

32、r affection and emotions.答案：Understanding7. Amy, please tell the people seated and(wait) for their turns to come to my office five minutes later.答案：waiting8. 一Any danger for the patient(operate) on by Dr Smith? Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best.答案：being operated9. With the exam(take) place

33、in ten minutes, they were asked to hand in their mobile phones.答案：to take10. Yan'an, a city(locate) in northern Shaanxi Province, has seen great progress in its tourism industry over the past few years.答案：locatedH .单句改错1. In recent years an English word “ infosphere has appeared, combined the me

34、anings of "information ” and“atmosphere ”答案：combined- combining2. We must know what we should do and we should avoid leave a good impression on others in public places.avoid to3. You cannot accept an opinion offering to you unless it is based on facts.答案：offering foffered4. The film star wears

35、glasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without recognizing.答案：recognizingbeing recognized5. Having working for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.答案： working fworked6. Back from his two year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taking good care of

36、at home.答案：takingftaken7. Amazing at his final score, he decided to treat himself to a big dinner.答案： AmazingfAmazed8. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it performed live is quite another.答案：it后加being9. They were caught in a traffic jam, thus cause the delay.答案：caused causing10.

37、 Halfway through his talk, the speaker stopped and decided create a group activity.答案：decided后加tom .语法填空(2019 长沙雅礼中学高三检测)I first discovered China Daily a few years ago. It was the first time that I 1 (visit) China, and I was waiting for my tour guide _2 (arrive) at the hotel. I picked up a newspaper

38、 written in English- China Daily. I opened the newspaper, and _3_ that day on, in every hotel I visited, when the staff asked me, “A newspaper 4 (deliver) to your room? ” I would always answer, “Do you have China Daily ? ” Why had I _5_ (immediate) taken a liking to China Daily after just one readin

39、g of it? I think that China Daily is a very _6_ (influence) newspaper for many reasons. First of all, China Daily _工_ (write) about both Western and Chinese culture. _8_ example to support this reason is an article I read just the other day: When the Bard (诗人)met his Chinese match. This article is a

40、bout _9_ both China and the UK will honor their most famous playwrights (居 U 作家)with a series of _10_ (event) this year. The playwrights are William Shakespearefrom the UK and Tang Xianzu from China. And the newspaper also manages to compare them in a proper way.1. 2. 3. 4.5. 6. 7. 8.9. 10.篇章导读：本文是一

41、篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是如何与China Daily结下不解之缘的。1. had visited 考查动词的时态。It was the first time that .“第一次”为固定句型，其中的that从句需要用过去完成时。2. to arrive 考查非谓语动词。“我”在等“我”的导游到达宾馆。wait for sb.to do sth. “等待某人做某事”为固定搭配。3. from 考查固定搭配。from . on意为“从起”，是固定用法。4. delivered 考查非谓语动词。newspaper与deliver之间是被动关系，故此 处使用deliver的过去分词形式。5. i

42、mmediately 考查词性转换。为什么“我”仅读了一次中国日报就马 上喜欢上它了呢？此处应用副词修饰动词。6. influential 考查词性转换。空格处在句中作定语修饰后面的名词 newspaper故用形容词influential “有影响力的”。7. writes考查动词的时态和语态。中国日报的内容与中西方文化都有关 系。这是一种客观陈述，表示客观事实要用一般现在时。注意：write作”写道，（以 文字形式）表达”讲时通常不用被动语态。8. An 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个例子”，需用不定冠词表泛指，且example 的发音以元音音素开头，故需用 An。9. how考查名词性从句的连接词。此处表示中英两国如何纪念他们最为著 名的剧作家。空格处在句中引导一个宾语从句，且表示“如何，怎样"，故用how。10. events考查名词。此处表示“一系列活动”，根据前面的a series of和 event作“公开活动”讲时是可数名词可知，设空处应填其复数形式。IV