英语倒装句精讲精练

1、英语倒装句 (Inversion)湖北武汉 潘惠祥 饶顺启主语和谓语是句子的核心， 它们之间有两种语序： 一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序( NaturalOrder);二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(In verted Order)。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装( Full Inversion )和部分倒装( Partial Inversion ) .*完全倒装( Full Inversion ):又称"全部倒装", 是指将句子中的谓语全部置于 主语之前。此结构通常只用于 一般现在时 和一般过去时。比如 :1. 地点副词 here, there, away, down, in

2、, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒 装语序。Here ' s Tom汤姆在这里。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

3、【注意】(1) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。 / 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。(2) 在 there be (stand, lie, live, fly, exist, run) 句型中 (表示存在 )： There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。There are some books on the table. 桌上有几本书 .Once upon a time there lived a man known whose

4、 name was Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. 表示地点的 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密， 有时可将状语或表语置于句首， 句中主语和谓语 完全倒装 :On top of that adds global warming.Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中， 要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致， 而不

5、是 与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。3. 分词和不定式置于句首的时候倒装 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装： Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully con sidered are the follow ing q

6、uesti ons. 下歹U问题要仔纟田考虑。部分倒装(Partial Inversion):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至 主语之前，而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添 加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前比如：1. 含否定意义的词 (女口 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, noIon ger, no where, by no mea ns等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Never have I see n read such

7、 a book.我从未读过那样的书。Not un til twelve o'clock did she go to bed last ni ght .她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。Hardly does she have time to liste n to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。Little does he realize how importa nt this meeti ng is.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。No sooner had we reached the airport than

8、the plane took off. 我们刚至U机场，飞机就起飞了。2. 含有 no 的短语置于句首时也要倒装.in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time,under/in no circumstances, on no condition, 等.女口 ：By no mea ns should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In (Un der) no circumsta nces will I

9、lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem.他马上就算出了那道题。3. only加状语(副词/介词短语/从句)放在句首时，其后用 部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you do it well.只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回至U家里时， 才知道出了 什么事。Only then did he r

10、ealize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。4. so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“ so / neither / nor助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中,neither/nor用于否定句.如：He can sing English songs, and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didn ' t see the film, aneither did I.他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。You are young, and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes mu

11、sic, and so do I.她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。You aren ' t young, anelither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn ' t read it, and nor have她没有读它，我也没有读。注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“ so主语+特殊动词”结构的区别："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."昨天很冷。”'的确很冷。”"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."爸爸，你

12、答应过的。”嗯，是答应过。”5. 当虚拟条件句含有were, should, had时,可省略if，将 were, should, had置于句首。如：Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse.如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done someth ing.我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动。Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should rain tomorrow), we would n ot go c

13、amp ing.明天要是下雨我们就不去野炊.6. 倒装语序经常出现在"so+形容词什that)"和"such(+that)引出的结果状语从句中"。如：Such is life that everyone can understand this.生活就是这样，每个人都明白这一点。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想

14、像它 的速度。7. 由not only but als引出的倒装当notonlybut also位于句首引出句子时，notonly后的句子通常用部分倒装形式:Not only is_he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确， 也讲得更 不费劲了。&涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归 纳为以下五种句型： 名词+as / th

15、ough+主语+动词King as he was(=Though he was a king), he was unhappy. 他虽是国王 ,但他并不幸福。Teacher though he is, he can' t know eV3r虽然n是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。 另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。 形容词+as / though+主语+动词Successful as he is(=Though he is successful), he is not

16、proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。 Improbable as it seems, it虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。 副词+as / though+主语+动词Much as I like Paris(=Though I like Paris much) , I couldn ' t live th尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我 不能住在那里。He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他努力了，去卩未能取得进步。 动词原形+as / tho

17、ugh+主语+动词Object as you may(=Though you may object) , I ll'go.纵使你反对，我也要去。Try as he might, he couldn' t solve the p尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experie nee. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do等助动词)。 分词+as / thou

18、gh+主语+动词Raining hard as it is(=Though it is raining hard) , I ' m going out for a walk.虽然正在下着大 雨，我还是要出去散步。Surroun ded as we were by the en emy, we man aged to march forward.虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。【三条补充说明】 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though来引导，但不能用 although来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导，而不能用as来引导。也就

19、是说，although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。正: Late as though it was, we still went on work ing. (from )正： Though Although it was late, we still went on work ing.误：Late although it was, we still went on work ing.误： As it was late, we still went on working. 上

20、面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因， 区别的办法主要看句子的内容： 让步从句的 内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较： Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。（ 原因 ）Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。（让步 ）Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。（原因 ） 在美国英语中，人们通常用asas引导让步状语从句。如：Cold a

21、s it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。 Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不 骄傲。9. 用于表示祝愿及感叹的句子。例如 :May you all be happy! 祝你们大家愉快 !What a powerful machine it is! 这台机器功率真大呀 !倒装练习1. Only when you have obtained sufficient

22、data come to a sound conclusion.a. can you b. you can c. would youd. you would2. that this region was so rich in natural resources.a. Little he knewb. Little did he knowc. Little he did knowd. Little he had known3. Never again political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.a. Alfred E. Sm

23、ith seriously soughtb. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtc. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seekd. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek4. Only in recent years begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do moregood than harm.a. people haveb. since people havec. have people5. Not until

24、I shouted at the top of my voice a. that he turnedc. he didn' t turn6. received law degrees as today.a. Never so women havec. Women who have never7. On no account to anyone.a. my name must be mentionedc. must my name be mentioned8. that they may eventually reduced. people who have _ his head.b.

25、did he turnd. he had turnedb. The women aren't everd. Never have so many womenb. must my name mentiond. my name must mentionamount of labor needed on construction sites by 90percent.a. Such construction robots are cleverc. So clever are the construction robots 9. do we go for picnics.a. Certainl

26、yb. Sometimesb. So clever the construction robots ared. Such clever construction robots arec. Seldom d. Oncea. neither am Ib. either is mine10. Her answer is not acceptable, and a. neither am Ib. either is minec. neither is mined. mine is neither11. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its

27、 speed.a. light travel b. travels the lightc. do light travel d. does light travel12. notebook and report that I promised you last week.a. Here is the b. Here are thec. Is here the d. Are here the13. a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.a. If he took b. If he has takenc. ha

28、d he taken d. Should he take14. Beneath our feet that our life depends on for food and clothing.a. the earth lay b. the earth liesc. lie the earth d. lies the earth15. the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up ofatoms.a. At b. By c. Up to d. Not until16. Hardly

29、 he got out of the court the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.a. had when b. had than c. did whend. has than17. Among these books a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.a. have includedb. is includedc. has includedd. are included18. Important his discovery was, it was

30、regarded as a matter of no account in his time.a. tob. forc. asd. although19. According to the periodic table, still some elements undiscovered.a. there seem to beb. it seemsc. it seems to bed. here seems20. Here you want to see.a. the manager comesb. comes the managerc. comes a managerd. is coming

31、a manager21. Barry can hardly drive a car, .a. so can 't Mollyb. can 't Molly eitherc. Molly can 't tood. neither can Molly22. for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.a. Had not it beenb. Had it not beenc. There wasd. Is there23. no air or water, there would be no l

32、ife in the world.a. Were thereb. There are c. There wasd. Is there24. Not only the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.a. the computer can memorizeb. can the computer memorizec. do the computer memorized. can memorize the computer25. Not once his view of life.a. did the gentleman mentionb

33、. the gentleman mentioned thatc. the gentleman mentionedd. does gentleman mentionedBy no means their own language well.a. it is true that all English people knowb. is it true that do all English people knowc. it is true that do all English people knowd. is it true that all English people know26. The

34、 world ' s birth rates are on a decline and are the death rates.a. sob. alsoc. too d. the same27. Many a time me with my English study.a. have he helped b. has he helped c. he have helpedd. did he have helped28. What Mr. Smith did was important , but .a. more important the way of he did things wasb. the way of he did things was more importantc. more important was the way he did thingsd. more important the way were he did things29. She didn ' t want to buy it, .a. however good was itb. however