2.心血管(免疫)组培+心脏生理题库

1、1 .Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature between larger veins and arteriesA.Veins have valves （瓣）whereas arteries do not have valvesB.The tunica（膜）in veins are not as clearly delimited as are the tunica in arteriesC.The walls in veins are thinner than the walls in arteriesD.The lume

2、n of a vein is smaller than the lumen of an artery （考点：容量血管） E.None.AII of the above are true2 .室性期前收缩之后出现代偿间歇的原因是A窦房结的节律性兴奋延迟发放B.窦房结的节律性兴奋少发放一次C.窦房结的节律性兴奋传出速度大大减慢D.室性期前收缩的有效不应期特别长E.窦房结的一次节律性兴奋落在室性期前收缩的有效不应期内3.心室肌细胞动作电位（Na）与骨骼肌细胞动作电位（Ca）的主要区别是A形成去极相的离子流不同B.静息电位水平不同C.形成复极相离子流不同D.超射值不同E.阈电位不同4 .毛细血管最丰

3、富的组织是A心肌B.骨组织C.肌腱D.平滑肌E脑膜5 .有关窦房结细胞4期自动去极化的离子基础，正确的描述是A通道进行性失活是自动除极最重要的原因B.电流进行性减弱，这种电流可被艳阻断C.Na+内流进行性增强，这种电流可被河豚毒阻断D.L型Ca2+通道激活，这种通道受儿茶酚胺调控E.T型Ca2+通道（银阻断）激活，这种通道可维拉帕米（L型Ca2+通道）阻断6 .The heart valves open and close due toA.stimulation by the sympathetic （交感） and parasympathetic （副交感） nervesB.a pressu

4、re difference on the two sides of the valveC.Na+ and K+ fluxes during ventricular depolarizationD.turbulent flow in the atria and ventriclesE.None of the choices are correct7 .Which of the following criteria must be met for the heart to function efficientlyA.Excitation and the consequent contraction

5、 of the cardiac muscle fibers of each heart chamber （心、月空）should be coordinated to assure efficient pumping （房室延搁）B.The atria should be excited and contract before the onset of ventricular contraction to assure that ventricular filling is completeC.The right side of the heart should contract first t

6、o assure that oxygenated blood is delivered to the heart before the Ie食 side contracts （左右同步）D.Both excitation and the consequent contraction of the cardiac muscle fibers of each heart chamber should be coordinated to assure efficient pumping and the atria should be excited and contract before the o

7、nset of ventricular contraction to assure that ventricular filling is complete are correctE.AII of the choices are correct8 .有关心力储备，以下哪项说法是错误的A.心力储备也称泵功能储备B.收缩期大于舒张期储备C.心力储备取决于心率储备及搏出量储备D.若甲、乙二人在静息时心输出量相同，则他们的心力储备也应一致E.心力储备是指心输出量随机体代谢需要而增加的能力9,Which of the following statements about membrane potenti

8、als in different types of cardiac muscle cells is correct （感觉答案错了）A.Myocardial cells have a resting membrane potential of about -90 mV; pacemaker cells do not have a true resting membrane potential （-70mV）B.Once threshold depolarization is reached in both myocardial and pacemaker cells, the rapid up

9、swing of the action potential is caused by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels （P 细胞是 L-Ca2+通道）C.Voltage-gated calcium channels are opened at some time during the action potential in both myocardial and pacemaker cellsD.Both myocardial cells have a resting membrane potential of about -90 mV

10、: pacemaker cells do not have a true resting membrane potential and once threshold depolarization is reached in both myocardial and pacemaker cells, the rapid upswing of the action potential is caused by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels are correctE.Both myocardial cells have a resting m

11、embrane potential of about -90 mV; pacemaker cells do not have a true resting membrane potential and voltage-gated calcium channels are opened at sometime during the action potential in both myocardial and pacemaker cells are correct10 .心室肌细胞平台期的主要跨膜离子流是A.Na+内流、K+外流B.Na+内流、Ca2+外流C.Ca2+外流、K+内流D.Ca2+内

12、流、K+外流E.K+内流、Na+外流11 .What is the aortaA. CapillaryB.ArterioleC. Venule Elastic artery（弹性动脉）E.Muscular artery12.在心动周期中，占时间最长的时期是A.心房收缩期B.等容收缩期C.等容舒张期D.射血期E.充盈期13 .Which one is not in the medulla （髓质） of a lymph node A.MacrophageB.Plasma cellC.T lymphocyteD.Epithelial-reticular cell （网状细胞）E.M onocyte

13、（单核细胞）14 .毛细血管的构成是A内膜、中膜和外膜B.内皮、基膜和平滑肌C.内皮和基膜D.内皮、基膜和周细胞E.内皮、基膜、周细胞和平滑肌15 .有关脾的结构，哪项错误A.被膜表面覆有间皮B.实质中有白髓和红髓C.含有大量血窦D.脾血窦由扁平内皮细胞组成（长杆状内皮细胞）E.脾血窦内皮细胞外有网状纤维包绕16 .心外膜的组成是A.间皮B.脂肪组织C.间皮和结缔组织（间皮、疏松结缔组织、脂肪组织）D.间皮和脂肪组织E.结缔组织和平滑肌17.心功能不全的病人与正常人相比A心率明显加快B.每搏输出量明显降低C.搏功明显增大D.静息心指数明显降低E.心、力储备明显降低18射血分数是指A每搏输出量/

14、心室舒张末期容积B 一心输出量/体表面积C.心室收缩末期容积/心室舒张末期容积D.心输出量/心室舒张末期容积E.心室舒张末期容积/体表面积19 .Which of the following statements regarding the cardiac cycle （心动周期）is correctAThe AV valves are open during mid-to-late diastole （舒张期）B.The aortic valve is open during isovolumetric ventricular contractionC.The first heart sou

15、nd is the closing of the semilunar valvesD.Both the AV valves are open during mid-to-late diastole and the aortic valve is open during isovolumetric ventricular contraction are correctEBoth the AV valves are open during mid-to-late diastole and the first heart sound is the closing of the semilunar v

16、alves are correct20 .Which of the following statements about the absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle cells is trueA lt lasts almost as long as the resultant period of contraction of the cellsB.lt is much longer than the refractory period of skeletal muscle cellsC.lt allows for tetanic contr

17、actions （强直收缩） of the heart to occur to assure smooth, coordinated ejection of blood from the ventriclesD.Both it lasts almost as long as the resultant period of contraction of the cells and it is much longer than the refractory period of skeletal muscle cells are trueE.AII of the choices are true21

18、 .Which of the following is a distinct structure found specifically in the liver,spleen, and bone marrowA.Continuous capillariesB.Fenestrated capillariesC.Sinusoidal capillaries （血窦）D AV anastomosesE.Venous sinus22 .与动脉相比，静脉不具有的特点是A三层膜分界明显B.血容量较大C.管壁较薄，结缔组织成分较多D.有瓣膜E.管壁含平滑肌和弹性组织较少23 .下列哪项不影响心肌细胞的自律性

19、A.最大复极电位B.阈电位C.有效不应期D.4期自动除极速度E.最大复极电位与阈电位差距24 .在心动周期中，心室内压上升速率最快的时期是A.心房收缩期B.等容收缩期C.快速射血期D.减慢射血期E.快速充盈期25 .The plateau of the action potential in cardiac ventricular cells results from the opening of voltage-gated slow channels in the plasma membrane of the cellA.sodiumB.potassiumC.calciumD.chlorid

20、e E.glucose26 .关于淋巴结，哪项错误A被膜中有输入淋巴管B.T细胞主要分布在皮质深层C.髓窦中有巨噬细胞D.能过滤淋巴E.主要参与细胞免疫27 .High endothelium vein (HEV) is important passage of lymphocytes entry from blood circulation, which description is NOT trueA.HEVs are found in the paracortex of lymph nodesB.Their endothelial cells are unusually shaped b

21、ut generally cuboidal and facilitate rapid translocation of lymphocytesC.Lymphocytes can be recognized by endothelial cells of HEVD.There are no HEVs in spleenE.HEVs are so small that only one lymphocyte can pass and go through28 .无毛细血管分布的组织是A.骨骼肌B.软骨组织C.肌腱D.平滑肌E.韧带29 .During the cardiac cycle,A.the

22、 volume of blood leaving the left side of the heart is greater than that leaving the right sideB.the pressure of blood leaving the right side of the heart is greater than that leaving the left sideC.the duration of systole is greater than that of diastoleD.the duration of diastole is greater than th

23、at of systoleE.both the volume of blood leaving the left side of the heart is greater than that leaving the right side and the duration of diastole is greater than that of systole occur30 .微循环是指A小动脉和小静脉之间的血液循环B.微动脉和微静脉之间的血液循环C小动脉和毛细血管后微静脉之间的血液循环D.微动脉和毛细血管后微静脉之间的血液循环E.毛细血管和毛细血管后微静脉之间的血液循环31 .哪一项不是胸腺上

24、皮（或上皮网状）细胞的功能A参与免疫B.参与形成胸腺小体C分泌激素D.辅助培育T细胞E.构成支架32.在淋巴结和脾.以T细胞为主的结构是A副皮质区和淋巴小结B.副皮质区和脾索C.副皮质区和动脉周围淋巴鞘D.淋巴小结和动脉周围淋巴鞘E.淋巴小结和边缘窦33 一心脏传导系统的细胞实际上是A感觉上皮细胞B.特殊的心肌细胞C.特殊的神经细胞D.特殊的运动神经元E.结缔组织细胞34兴奋传导速度最慢的心肌细胞是A心房肌B.浦肯野纤维C.房室交界（房室延搁）D.左右束支E.心室肌35 .下列有关于心电图波形与心肌动作电位关系的描述，正确的是A.P波反映心房肌动作电位的全过程B.QRS波群反映心室肌动作电位的

25、全过程C.T段反映静息期膜内外离子分布恢复的过程D.心电图一个周期等于心房、心室肌细胞动作电位时程之和E.心电图反映无数心肌细胞动作电位效应的总和36 .Which structure contains poresA.Continuous capillariesB.Fenestrated capillariesC.Sinusoidal capillariesD AV anastomosesE.Venous sinus37大动脉管壁的主要结构特点是A.弹性膜和弹性软骨多B.弹性纤维和胶原纤维多C.弹性膜和弹性纤维多D.弹性纤维和平滑肌纤维多E.胶原纤维多38.Which of the follo

26、wing statements is true concerning the depolarization of a cell in the SA nodeA.The cell will not depolarize until it receives sympathetic stimulationB.The pacemaker potential is caused by calcium entering the cell via slow channelsC.The pacemaker potential is slower in achieving threshold when acet

27、ylcholine is applied to the SA cellsD.Both the pacemaker potential is caused by calcium entering the cell via slow channels and the pacemaker potential is slower in achieving threshold when acetylcholine is applied to the SA cells are correctE.None of the choices are true39Z酰胆碱使窦房结细胞自律性降低是通过A最大复极电位降

28、低B.阈电位水平下降C电流增强D.膜对K+通透性降低E.钙内流增强40.胸腺的特点不包括A能产生胸腺激素B.胸腺上皮（或上皮网状）细胞聚集成团，形成胸腺小体C.皮质内有连续毛细血管D.生成的T细胞进入周围淋巴器官E.约有谢胸腺细胞被灭活或淘汰（只有不到5%左右的胸腺细胞发育成熟）41 .健康成年人在强体力劳动时，心输出量约可达到A.5 6L/minB.30L/minC.60L/minD.120L/minE.150L/min42 .Which layer in an artery contains the endotheliumATunica intimaB.Tunica mediaCTunic

29、a externaD.AII of the aboveE.None of the above43 .With regard to the regulation of heart rate,A.stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rateB.stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rateC.a person whose heart lacks autonomic inn

30、ervation has a faster heart rate at rest than a person with a normally innervated heart （正常情况下迷走神经占主导地位）D.both stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rate and stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rate are trueE.all of the choices are true44 .Which description is true of central lymphoid organs （胸腺）A.Capable of antigen-independent lymphopoiesisB.Contain lymphatic sinusC.Contain epithelial-