自考_英语水平考试二_笔试_串讲

1、第一章词汇V ocabulary本章复习建议本章学习主要掌握形态相似词语的词义辨析;词i义相近词语的词义辨析;英语固定搭配、动词词组以及理解语境对词义的选择。本章重要知识点讲解(一辨析形态相似而意义不同的词汇1. award和reward二者即可做名词也可做动词。award用作名词时,意为“奖品”、“奖金”;用作动词时,常用于award sth to sb,即把奖品/奖金授予某人。Reward做名词时,意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”;用作动词时,常用于reward sb for sth,如:The film awards are presented annually.电影奖每年颁发一次。A

2、reward was offered for the return of the passport.为找回护照(他提供了一笔酬金。How can I reward you for your help?我怎样才能报答你的帮助?They awarded scholarship to the best students.他们把奖学金授予最好的学生。【单选题】70. The police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robbers arrest. (P20awardcompensationprizereward【答案】D【

3、解析】警方提供了一大笔酬金为提供信息来逮捕抢劫犯的人。2. refrain和restrainrefrain和restrain 都有抑制、控制不让做某事的意思。refrain为不及物动词,后面要加上from。refrain from 不再做某事,后面紧跟的宾语为“一个行动,而不是一个人”。例句:You must refrain from smoking too much. 你必须克制不要抽这么多烟。You must refrain from speculation. 你必须克制不要再投机了。restrain是指停止或者防止某人做某事。restrain是个及物动词,后面可以跟人和事作为它的宾语。例

4、句:You must restrain him from making any foolish remarks. 你必须阻止他做出任何愚蠢的评论。Try to restrain (=to control your anger, will you? 尽量克制你的愤怒,可以吗?所以,我们把refrain翻译成“克制”;把restrain翻译成“阻止”。constrain 指强制性抑制或制止他人的行为He constrained his daughter from going out to date with boys during the night.(他禁止他的女儿夜晚外出与男孩约会。The p

5、olicemen had difficulty in constraining the crowd from rushing onto thefootball pitch.(警察难以制止人群冲进足球场地。【单选题】7. Please _ from smoking until the airplane is airborne. (P15 refrainpreventresistrestrain【答案】A【解析】在飞机降落前请勿吸烟。3. glance, glare, stare, glimpse, gleamglance, glare, stare, glimpse作动词时glimpse 后边不

6、搭配at,而glance,glare,stare 都配at表示看。stare at盯着看glare at 瞪着看(生气glance at有意识地,故意地一瞥,瞥看glimpse 不经意地一瞥The policeman glimpsed the thief as he drove past. He glanced at her and left hurriedly. The girl likes lying on her back and staring at the stars above. They glared at each other for a long time, after th

7、e quarrel.It's impolite to stare at foreign guests in the streetglimpse作名词There was a glimpse of truth in what he said. “少许”他的话中微露了一点事实真相。gleam闪光His black hair gleamed in the sun.【单选题】10. The novel contains some marvelously revealing _ of rural life in the 19th century. (P15glancesglimpsesglares

8、gleams【答案】B【解析】这部小说中有几处非常精彩、发人深省的有关十九世纪乡村生活的描述。4. substantial, spontaneous, simultaneous, syntheticsubstantial实质的,可观的New economic development policies led to substantial and rapid growth.新的经济发展政策带来了快速和大量的增长。Spontaneous 自发的,自然地He is spontaneous to offer help.他主动提供帮助。It is a spontaneous cheer from the

9、 crowd.那是群众自发的喝彩。Simultaneous同时的This event was almost simultaneous with that one.这件事几乎是与那件事同时发生的。Synthetic人工的,合成的It's the synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。【单选题】17.Obviously, the chairmans remarks at the conference were _ and not planned. (P16substantialspontaneoussimultaneoussynthetic【答案】B【解析】显然,主席在会议上的

10、那一席话都是即兴演说,没有事先准备的。5. disfavor, dispel, disqualify, dismissdisfavor表示“不赞成”、“疏远”。He regarded my suggestions with disfavor.他不赞成我的建议。dispel表示“驱散(云、雾等”、“消除(疑虑等”。We hope the programme will dispel certain misconceptions about the disease.我们希望这个节目能消除对这种疾病的一些误解。disqualify表示“使不合资格”(后与for搭配、“取消的资格”Her crimina

11、l record disqualifies her from serving on a jury.她有犯罪前科,所以不能当陪审员。注意:disqualify的主语一般不是指人,而是指让某人失去资格的原因。dismiss表示“让离开”、“解散”、“遣走”,主语一般指人。In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.由于你的工作很糟,我不得不把你解雇。【单选题】19. Failure to follow the club rules _Peter from the volleyball team. (P16disfavored

12、dispelleddisqualifieddismissed【答案】C【解析】由于未能遵守俱乐部条例,他被取消了排球队队员的资格。6. skate, skid, slide, slipSkate 滑冰In winter, many people skate on the lake.冬天时,许多人在湖上溜冰。Skid打滑刹车skid 表示“打滑”。如汽车在结冰的道路上行驶有时会出现车轮不转动而车体向一侧滑动的现象。又如:高速行驶的汽车在急转弯时,车身向一侧的滑动。The car skidded on the ice.汽车在冰上打滑了.I tried to brake and we skid in

13、to the ditch.我试图煞车,结果我们向一侧滑到沟里。Slide滑动;下滑;滑入;悄悄地溜走slide所表示的“滑动”含有这样几层意思:光滑的面接触,通常为加速运动。用于比喻时,表示不自主地陷入某种习惯等The book slid off my knee.书从我膝上滑落。Slip滑倒I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fall over.我真倒霉,踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。【单选题】45. In winter drivers have troubles stopping their cars from _ on icy roads. (P18

14、skatingskiddingslidingslipping【答案】B【解析】在冬天,司机很难避免汽车在结了冰的路面上打滑。7. insist, persist, consist, assistInsist onPersist inConsist of 由组成Assist帮助【单选题】74. Mary _ in doing it again though she had failed more than a dozen times. (P21insistedpersistedconsistedassisted【答案】B【解析】虽然玛丽已经失败十多次了,但是她坚持再做一次。8. regretfu

15、l, regrettable这两个词都是形容词,都有遗憾惋惜之意,但词意有差异。Regretful的意义是“遗憾的”、“惋惜的”(feeling or showing regret,有时亦表“懊悔的”意义。例:We were deeply regretful to hear that you could not come and spend the vacation with us.听说你们不能来和我们共度假期,深感遗憾。She is regretful of what she has done.她对于自己所做的事感到后悔。After upsetting the plate of food,

16、the child showed a regretful smile.打翻了那碟食物后,小孩抱歉地一笑。Regrettable的意义是“可悔恨的”、“可惋惜的”(causing regret。例:He has committed a regrettable mistake.他犯了一个令人遗憾的错误。It is regrettable that you should make such a remark.很可惜你竟然说这些话。下面将regretful和regrettable用在一个句子中,以便区别:He made a regrettable mistake sometime ago and st

17、ill feels regretful now.不久之前他犯了一个令人遗憾的错误,现在他心里依然感到懊悔。【单选题】76. We feel it is deeply_ that the local government refuses to listen to our ideas on road safety.(P21regretfulregrettableregrettingregretted【答案】B【解析】我们认为当地政府拒绝听从我们对于道路安全的意见的行为是令人遗憾的。9. remind, remember, regard, recallRemind sb of sth提醒Rememb

18、er sb to sb代某人向某人问好Regard 把看作I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。Regard做“问候”讲时是名词Give my regards to your family.请代我向你家人问好。Recall 回忆,回想I can recall stories that my mother told me years ago.母亲多年前给我讲的故事,我仍能记得。【单选题】87. Linda asked to be _ to you. (P22remindedrememberedre

19、gardedrecalled【答案】B【解析】Linda让(说话人代替Linda向你问好。10. respectable, respectful, respectiveRespectable值得尊敬的He came from a perfectly respectable middle-class family.他出身于一个非常正派的中产阶级家庭。Respectful尊敬人的She received guests with a respectful attitude.她恭恭敬敬地接待了客人。Respective各自的He and I are each going to visit our re

20、spective teachers.我和他分别要去拜访各自的老师。【单选题】98. _ people are contemptuous of those who make obscene calls. (P23RespectableRespectfulRespectiveRespected【答案】A【解析】体面人士蔑视那些打下流电话的人。11. restore和regainrestore, to repair a building, work of art, piece of furniture, etc. so that it looks as good as it did original

21、ly修复(建筑,艺术品等,恢复,重新建立The military government promised to restore democracy within one year.军人政府答应在一年内重新建立民主体制。Drastic measures will have to be taken to restore order.为恢复秩序必须采取严厉措施。regain to get back sth you no longer have, especially an ability or a quality重新获得He is making a bid to regain his World N

22、o. 1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。【单选题】101. The team practiced hard so that it could _ the trophy. (P23 regainreturnrestorereplace【答案】A【解析】全队在努力地训练希望能重获奖杯。12. enhance, enlarge, heighten, expandEnhance 提高,增强Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower.适当的营养也可能增强脑力。Enlarge 扩大,增大I have to enlarge my vocabul

23、ary.我必须扩大自己的词汇量。Heighten加深As she waited, her fears heightened.她在等待时,越发感到恐惧。Expand 张开,扩张The eagle expanded its wings. 老鹰展开翅膀。He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。【单选题】118. His latest novel has _ his already considerable reputation. (P24 enhancedenlargedheightenedexpanded【答案】A【解析】他最新的小

24、说巩固了他已经很高的知名度。(二辨析词义相似而用法不同的词汇1. avoid, prohibit, reject, repelavoid 避免You should avoid unnecessary repetition.你应避免不必要的重复。prohibitprohibit vt."禁止,不准"(=forbid by authority,指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式规定或规则,通常搭配形式:prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.We should prohibit the sale of pornographic literatur

25、e.我们应该禁止出售淫秽文学。rejectHe rejected their offer of a job.他拒绝了他们给他的工作。repel 排斥The positive poles of two magnets repel each other.两块磁铁的正极互相排斥。【单选题】2. Picking flowers in the park is absolutely _. (P15avoidedprohibitedrejectedrepelled【答案】B【解析】公园里禁止摘花。2. annoyance, offence, resentment, irritationannoyance烦恼

26、You'd better get the annoyance off your chest.你最好把心里的烦恼说出来。offence冒犯The new shopping centre is an offence to the eye.新购物中心很不顺眼。resentment憎恨,怨恨A feeling of resentment urged him to abandon them.一种怨恨的心情促使他离开了她们。irritation 激怒anger【单选题】8. Reporters and photographers alike took great _ at the rude way

27、 the actor behaved during the interview. (P15annoyanceoffenceresentmentirritation【答案】B【解析】记者和摄影师对这个演员在采访期间所表现的粗鲁行为感到反感讨厌。3. exchange, transfer, convey, convertexchange交换May I exchange seats with you?我和你调一个座位好吗?transfer转移She has been transferred to another department.她已被调往另一个部门。convey表达I find it hard

28、 to convey my feelings in word.我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。convert转换The solar cell can convert the energy of sunlight into electric energy.太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。【单选题】31. More often than not, it is difficult to the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom _in English. (P17exchangetransferconveyconvert【答案】C【解析】通常,很难用英语来表达中国习语

29、的确切含义。4. urgent, instant, prompt, hastyurgent紧急的,急迫的They've made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。instant立即的I took an instant dislike to him.我一见他就不喜欢。prompt迅速的,敏捷的Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势的蔓延。hasty匆匆的,轻率的Some people are prone to jump to

30、 hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。【单选题】35. We should always bear in mind that _ decision often result in serious consequences. (P17urgentinstantprompthasty【答案】D【解析】我们要时刻牢记轻率的决定会导致严重的后果。5. allergic, sensible, infectedallergic 过敏的I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic to them.我很喜欢猫,但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。se

31、nsible合情理的,明智的To wink at rudeness in children is not sensible.对小孩粗鲁的行为视若无睹是不明智的。infected被感染的,受污染的The open wound soon became infected.裸露的伤口很快就受到了感染。【单选题】42. Many people are _ to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. (P18insensitiveallergicsensibleinfected【答案】B【解析】很多人对昆虫叮咬过敏,有些人甚至需要去医院。6

32、. alter, alternate, changechangealterChange 是改变、变更的意思,而alter是修改的意思,往往用于法律条文、合同等的修改,机器设备的改装、衣服的改长改短也使用alter这个词。This clause of the contract may be altered by mutual negotiation.合同这项条文可以通过双方商讨来修改。Please alter this pair of trousers to fit me.请把这裤子改得适合我。The engine of this yacht is not allowed to be alter

33、ed unless a permit is obtained.这艘游艇的发动机不允许改装,除非事先获得许可证。alternate 轮流,交替Sunny weather alternated with rain.天气晴雨相间。One should alternate work and relaxation.工作和休息应交替进行。【单选题】51. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _ in giving the class lectures. (P19alteralternatechangediffer【答案】B【解析】史密斯教授和布朗教授轮流给这个

34、班上课。7. assign, tackle, solveassign分配,指派All the students are assigned to suitable jobs.所有的学生都分到了合适的工作。tackle处理,对付Can you suggest how we might tackle the problem?我们怎样处理这问题,你能给出个主意吗?solve 解决solve、resolve、settle、tackle这四个动词都可表示“解决”、“处理”的意思。solve 普通用词,指找到了问题的答案或处理某一事情的办法。1They worked in the laboratory fo

35、r a whole week experimenting and finally solved the technical problem.整整一个星期他们在实验室做试验,终于解决了这个技术问题。2They promised to help us to solve the difficult problem as soon as possible.他们答应尽快帮助我们解决这个难题。3We should develop the students' ability to analyze and solve problems.我们应该培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。4You should

36、be ready to solve any problem that may come along.你应该随时准备解决可能出现的问题。resolve 侧重指对问题或情况进行分析、找到解决办法或途径。1They have held several discussions on the way to resolve the disagreement.他们已经多次讨论解决分歧方法。2The problem can be resolved by supplying several more people and some newequipment.通过多提供更的人和一些新设备,这个问题是可以解决的。3

37、It is impossible for an economist to resolve completely the issue of climate's effects on development.经济学家不可能完全解决气候对发展的影响问题。4China stands ready to resolve relevant disputes properly through consultation.中方愿通过协商妥善解决有关争议。settle 指彻底、完全地解决好问题或事情。1The dispute which involved three nations was satisfac

38、torily settled by an agreement.涉及三个国家的这场争端签订一项通过协议得到满意解决。2I will settle all my affairs at home before I leave for Canada.在我离开去加拿大之前我会将把处理一切事情都处理好。3Attempts are being made to settle the dispute by diplomatic means.正在努力通过外交途径解决争端。4I have to settle my affairs before leaving here.离开这儿以前,我得把一些私人的事情处理妥当。t

39、ackle 指着手、努力设法去解决处理事情。1You would be well advised to tackle this problem urgently.你还是抓紧处理这个问题为好。2The problem we are confronted with is so tough that we have no idea of how to tackle it.我们面临的问题很棘手,我们不知道该如何解决它。3Mr. Obama is not the first U.S. president to try to tackle the health care crisis.奥巴马不是第一个试图

40、解决医疗危机的美国总统。4The Chinese government is now taking active measures to tackle these problems.中国政府正积极采取措施促进这些问题的解决.【单选题】67. The computer can be programmed to _ a whole variety of tasks. (P20assigntacklerealizesolve【答案】B【解析】电脑可以通过编程来处理很多种任务。03298. fragment, extractfragment 碎片She dropped the vase on the

41、floor and it broke into fragments.她把花瓶掉在地上,摔成了碎片。extract 摘录I would like to quote two extracts from the book.我很想引用这本书的两段文字。The following extract is taken from her new novel.下面一段摘自她的新小说。【单选题】80. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few _ from the novel. (P21essaysfragmentsex

42、tracts【答案】D【解析】阅读课上,老师让学生们读一些摘自这本小说的段落。9. accurate, precise, exact三个词作为形容词时都是“精确的、准确的”的意思accurate 指通过谨慎的努力达到符合事实或实际,侧重不同程度的准确性,与事实无出入。Watches have become very accurate. 手表已造得非常准确了。You should send in accurate income tax returns. 你应当寄去准确的个人所得税报表。Many people complain about not gathering accurate news.

43、许多人抱怨搜集不到准确的消息。exact 着重在质与量方面的准确,语气比accurate强。What is her exact age? 她的准确年龄是多少?I need to know the exact size. 我需要知道确切的尺寸。precise 侧重极端准确,更强调细节的精确无误。It was found at the precise spot where she had left it. 那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到【单选题】142. According to the weather forecast, which is usually _, it will rain thi

44、s afternoon. (P15accuratepreciseexactthorough【答案】A【解析】天气预报通常是准确无误的,那么今天下午会下雨。10. cure, treat, heal, operatetreat 治疗Cancer is difficult to treat.cure治愈The medicine cured her toothache.heal 愈合The wound heals rapidly.She wont be sad too long;time will heal most trouble.operate动手术【单选题】177. At the casual

45、ty department the taxi driver had his injury _. (P29curedtreatedhealed【答案】B【解析】在急诊室里,这个出租车司机的伤口得到了处理。(三英语固定表达方式1. pull oneself together 提起精神,振作起来(来自第1题2. the vast majority of 绝大多数(来自第5题3. pose danger造成危险pose problem带来问题(来自第6题4. adapt to new environment适应新环境(来自第16题5. break new ground 开辟新局面,开创新天地,创新(来

46、自第28题6. widely distribute广泛传播(来自第30题7. deep insight 深刻的理解(来自第32题8. hasty decision 轻率的决定(来自第35题9. resist the temptation 抵制诱惑(来自第36题10. beyond the scope of超出的范围,为所不及(来自第40题11. keep pace with赶上,跟上(来自第41题12. slim chance渺茫的机会(来自第47题13. price tag价格标签(来自第48题14. economic climate 经济环境(来自第49题15. on ones behal

47、f 代表某人(来自第50题16. make a distinction between区分(来自第55题17. out of question毫无疑问,没有问题(来自第61题18. a double portion双份(饭菜(来自第90题19. raise ones voice提高声调(来自第95题20. litter bin垃圾箱(来自第97题21. raw material 原材料(来自第200题22. to rub shoulders with (somebody 意思是同名流相遇,接触。(来自第195题23. propose a toast祝酒,敬酒(来自第188题24. makeat

48、 hand把放在身边,掌控(来自第18题(四动词词组1.【单选题】50. Scientific discoveries often_ to be rediscoveries of what had existed there long ago.A. turned backB. turned overC. turned outD. turned down【解析】A. turned back(使往回走,折转,扭转,掉过头来B. turned over 翻,翻身She turned over and went to sleep. 她翻过身去睡着了.C. turned out to be结果是D. t

49、urned down拒绝科学发现经常到头来是很早以前就已经完成的发现。2. 【单选题】79. If you dont put the cheese in the refrigerator, it may_.A. go upB. go backC. go offD. go on【解析】A. go up上升、提高、增长The import of cotton goods went up sharply in 1981.一九八一年棉织品的进口量急遽上升。B. go back 回转,回到I think we should go back to first principles.我认为我们应该回到基本原

50、则上。C. go off变质This milk has gone off. 牛奶变坏了。D. go on继续如果你不把奶酪放进冰箱,它会变坏。【答案】C3. 【单选题】82. The old couple will never_ the loss of their son.A. get overB. get awayC. get offD. get across【解析】A. get over克服、熬过、越过He have get over the language barrier.他已克服了语言障碍。B. get away 离开get away with侥幸逃脱Don't think

51、you can get away with telling lies.不要以为你撒了谎就可以这样算了。C. get off下车,起飞I get off at the next station.我在下一站下车。How does such a heavy plane get off the ground?这样一架重型飞机怎样起飞?D. get across过河,把讲清楚Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers.官员们感觉自己的观点并未准确地传达到大臣们那里。译文:这对老夫妇无法克服/摆脱丧子之痛。【答

52、案】A4. 【单选题】117. There was a big hole in the road which_ the traffic.B. kept downC. stood backD. sent back【解析】A. hold up举起,耽搁Traffic was completely held up by the procession.游行队伍把路口全都堵住了。B. keep down 抑制,镇压The prime aim is to keep inflation down.首要目标是抑制通货膨胀。C. stand back往后退Stand back! This dog bites.往

53、后站!这狗会咬人。D. sent back送回I was sent back to clean up the mess.我被派回来收拾残局。译文:马路上有个大洞,阻碍了交通。【答案】A5. 【单选题】121. There was so much noise that it was with great difficulty that we_ what the speaker was saying.A. made outB. made upC. did outD. did up【解析】A. make out理解,辨认The poem is so complicated that I cannot

54、 make out its meaning.这首诗太复杂,我理解不了它的意思。It was difficult to make out the manager's handwriting.经理的字迹很难辨认。B. make up 组成,编造,化妆Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him.我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。She spent too much time maki

55、ng herself up.她在化妆上花去了太多时间。C. do out打扫,收拾,粉刷Will you help me to do out the room on Sunday?你星期天来帮我粉刷房间好吗?D. do up 口语刷新;修缮,修理,整修,装修,重新装饰We'll do up your car in no time at all.我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。We did up the old apartment and rented it out.我们把旧单元粉刷好然后租出去。译文:环境太吵闹很难挺清楚讲话人在讲什么。【答案】A6. 【单选题】148. The idea

56、of a balanced diet is very difficult to_ anyone who knows nothing about food values.A. put throughB. take inC. make overD. put across【解析】A. put through实行,完成,接通电话At last we successfully put through the business deal.最终我们成功地完成了这桩交易。The call has been put through.电话打通了。B. take in 吸收,容纳,欺骗Fish take in oxygen through th