Psycholinguistics

1、Scope and Methods of Psycholinguistic Study-An introduction to Experimental Psycholinguistics Li Rongbao（李荣宝）TelHome), 83485309(Lab), 83430704(Office),Cell)Email: Scope of psycholinguistics Mechanism of language acquisition Mechanism of language comprehension Mechanism of

2、 language production Biological basis of language cognitionPsycholinguistics is a scientific study of language 1 Approach to human mind (cognitive linguistics) 2 Emphasize the mental structures, instead of external structures of language 3 Use the methods of natural science (experiments and observat

3、ions) 4 Follow the principles of scientific research(Stroop Effect.ppt)The purpose of scientific researches To find out the internal law that is sufficient to describe and explain the research object (so-called explanatorily and descriptively sufficient). To develop or extend a theory (instead of ju

4、st seeking for facts). To promote civilization (Morality is concerned here).The basic processes of scientific researches Inheriting (research community) Innovating (proposing new scientific proposition) Expressing Research Method in General Scientific theory Scientific observation Scientific computa

5、tionScientific theory: the relation between the existing theory and the innovation -A review of the studies in the relevant field -A clarification of the accepted views and conclusions -A presentation of the research problems, i.e. what are the remaining questions to be answered. -A theoretical hypo

6、thesisScientific Observation: internal relations and laws -Scientific community and research paradigm -verification and falsification -natural observation and controlled observation -the naked eye and precise instrumentsScientific Proposition and Its Expressions -Content and format -Logic and statis

7、tics -Facts and abstractions -Testability and repeatabilityLanguage and cognitive science The relationship between language and thought(Language and Thought.doc) Modularity and language device Human uniqueness Learning and innateness Dissociation between language and general intelligenceThe Main Cha

8、racteristics of Language 1) Duality 2) Productivity 3) Creativity 4) ArbitrarinessLanguage acquisitionIs language ability specific to human beings? What is the difference between human language and animal language? Can “intelligent” animals such as chimpanzee learn human language? How shall we expla

9、in animals “creativity” and “productivity” ?Is language innate or learned? What is the function of language environment? How shall we explain “critical period”? Chomsky and Skinner Genies case Wolf children Chomskys UGIs language ability specific to human beings? What is the difference between human

10、 language and animal language? Can “intelligent” animals such as chimpanzee learn human language? How shall we explain animals “creativity” and “productivity” ?Is language innate or learned? What is the function of language environment? How shall we explain “critical period”? Genies case Wolf childr

11、en How is bilingual system constructed?Jean Piagets Point Four Stages Theory: 1) Sensorimotor Stage (0-2) 2) Preoperational Stage (2-67) 3) Concrete Operational Stage (67-1112) 4) Formal Operational Stage (1112-adult) Theory of Assimilation and Accommodation: Adaptation Piaget.docLanguage Acquisitio

12、n Process 1) Prelinguistic communication (gestures) 2) Early phonology (speech perception & production) 3) Lexical development ( from nominal to generalization) 4) Early grammar (categorization)Language comprehension-Mechanism Sensor organs Mental representation Loosely speaking, representations inc

13、lude the ideas, sights, images, and beliefs that fill our thoughts and also the sensations and dispositions which may fall outside our awarenessMental representationCognitive map; Schemata; Mental image and iconicity(mental image.doc);Conceptual representation ; Mental lexicon Dual representation (d

14、ual coding.ppt) Hierarchical representation Spreading-activation model Connectionist model (PDP Model) Modular representationDual representationHierarchical representationSpreading-activation modelConnectionist modelLanguage comprehension-Process Perception Access Integration (sentence parsing)semin

15、ar材料.doc;P600.docERP evidence Serial processing Parallel processing Bottom-up processing Top-down processingLanguage production What is the relationship between language and thought ? Whorf hypothesis : linguistic determinism and relativity Chomskys language universality Vygotskys view What is the p

16、rocess of language production? Serial Model Parallel Model(Language Production.ppt)Biological basis of language cognition What is the relationship between cerebral cortex and language behavior Findings from Aphasia cases Findings from the experiments of brain imaging Is language a localized or holis

17、tic brain function? Evidence of split-brain research Evidence from the normal brainsMethods Two types researches Qualitative research Quantitative research Theoretical hypothesis and proofs Relationship between hypothesis and proofs Proof DisproofQualitative study Natural observation Case studyQuant

18、itative study Questionnaire Correlation study Factor design experiments and null hypothesis Single-factor design Multi-factor designDifferent paradigms of experiments Response time Lexical (proposition) decision Naming Eye-movement measure Brain imaging:fMRI, PET, ERPData processing and analysis Dat

19、a editing in Excel Data editing in SPSS t-Test One-way ANOVA Repeated measure CorrelationReport of experiment Historical review Design and material Subject Material (stimuli) Procedure Result Discussion and conclusionReference Books Cognitive Assessment of Language (B84, M119) Foundation of Informat

20、ion Integration Theory(B842, R326) Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing: an Introduction (B842, L138) Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind (B844, W499) Research in Psychology: Methods and Design (B841, G658) Experimental Methods in Psychology (B841, L665) Grodzinsky. Y et al(eds). La

21、nguage and the Brain: Representation and Processing, Academic Press,2000. Robert J. Sternberg, PsychologyIn Search of the Human Mind.(B84, S839) Lyle Jenkins, Biolinguistics.(Ho, J52) Jesse E. Purdy, Learning and Memory. (B842.3, L438) Ray Jackendoff, Foundation of Language.(H0. J12) Erika Hoff, Lan

22、guage Development.(H09, H698) Janet L. Nicol(Ed.), One Mind,Two Languages.(H0, 058) Carol Myers-Scotton, Contact Linguistics. (H04, M996) William A. Foley, Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction. (外语教学与研究出版社，2001）。 皮亚杰著，王宪钿译，发生认识论原理，商务印书馆，1997。 Robert C. Gardner, Psychological Statistics Using S