大学英语说明文-1

1、Section 4In this section, you will:vfirst review the type of writing: exposition vlearn about a writing skill: comparison and contrast vread Text B in Unit 3 and discuss its writing strategyvlearn to use comparison and contrast in essay writing Teaching ProceduresI. Introduction (1period) * Expositi

2、on * Comparison and ContrastII. Professional Reading (0.5 period) * Text B American Family Life : The Changing PictureIII. Essay Writing (0.5 period) * Title: Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life Comparison and ContrastlDefinitionslPurposeslPatterns lTransitionslPracticePlease look at the following

3、 two pictures. What have you seen?If you are figuring out the similarities, you are making a comparison of these two pictures.If you are figuring out the differences, you are making a contrast of these two pictures.Whats comparison? The process of examining two or more things in order to establish t

4、heir similarities. They are both round fruits. Both can be made into healthy juice. Both grow on trees. You have to peel both of them.apples and orangesWhats comparison? The process of examining two or more things in order to establish their differences.Contrastapplesorangesred or green in color smo

5、oth skingrow best in cool climateorange in colorrough skingrow best in warm climatePurposeslTo explain something which is unfamiliar to the reader. lTo show the superiority of one thing over another.lTo understand two or more things more clearly and make judgments about them.Two Patterns of Developm

6、entlSubject by Subject (block/one side at a time) 整体分析整体分析lPoint by Point (alternating) 逐点分析逐点分析ThesisSubject ASubject BPoint 1Point 2Point 3Point 1Point 2Point 3 Subject-by-Subject PatternDiagramSample OutlineI. Introduction Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in hi

7、gh school.II. College A. Self-directed study B. Campus environment C. Heavy course loadIII. High school A. More in-class time for study B. Fewer distractions at home C. Lighter course loadIV. Conclusion DiagramThesisPoint 1Point 2Point 3Subject ASubject BSubject ASubject BSubject ASubject BPoint-by-

8、Point PatternSample OutlineI. Introduction Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school.II. Support for study A. College B. High schoolIII. Study environment A. College B. High schoolIV. Word load A. College B. High schoolV. ConclusionWhich Pattern to Choose ls

9、ubject-by-subject pattern: 整体比较整体比较 a. In short essays b. A few aspects are considered. c. The writers interest is in the whole.lpoint-by-point pattern：逐点比较逐点比较 a. In long essays b. Many aspects are mentioned. c. Release the burden on readers memory.Common words and phrases of comparisonLikethe same

10、 assimilarlyin the same mannerin commonin comparison withresemblecompare withcompared withExamplesExpressionsExamplesand tooHigh level positions are stressful，and can be harmful to your health too.Just asJust as high level positions are stressful，they can be harmful to your health.similarlyHigh leve

11、l positions are stressful at times; similarly, they can be harmful to stressful at times.similar toSimilar to other important professions，high level business positions are stressful at timeslikeLike many cities in Germany，it had to recreate itself after World War IIin comparison withIs human heart w

12、eaker in comparison with the other organs?likewiseThis weapon could only be used against citiesLikewise the atom bombin the same wayThere is no reason why a gifted aircraft designer should also be a capable pilot. In the same waya brilliant pilot can be a menace behind the wheel of a car.Sentence Pa

13、tterns The similarity between A and B lies in A is similar to B in A has something/many features in common with B A is the same as B A and B share similar Common words and phrases of contrastunlikeon the other handin contrast toon the contrarybut，yet，althoughhowever ，neverthelesswhereas，whileconvers

14、elyin spite ofdiffer from，be different fromExpressionsExamplesbutHigh level positions are stressful at times，but professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.althoughAlthough high level positions are stressful at times，professionals can learn to manage their stress levelshoweverHigh level p

15、ositions are stressful at times; However, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.neverthelessHigh level positions are stressful at time; nevertheless, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.in spite ofIn spite of the stressful nature of high level positions, professiona

16、ls can learn to manage their stress levels.whileWhile high level positions are stressful at times, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.In contrastHigh level positions are stressful at times; in contrast, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.on

17、 the other handHigh level positions are stressful at times; on the other hand, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.unlikeUnlike the undesirable stress of high level positions, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.ExamplesSentence Patterns The

18、obvious differences between A and B are The difference between A and B lies in A differs from B in Compared with A，B has some/many/more advantages. A has nothing/little in common with B (1) Though the governments of Great Britain and the United States are quite different, they share basic similariti

19、es in some aspects. (2) First, the British Parliament is made up of two separate houses - the British House of Commons, and the British House of Lords. (3) Likewise, the U. S. Congress has two divisions - the House of Representatives and the Senate. (4) Next, the essential function of the British Pa

20、rliament is to make laws; a bill has to be presented to both houses for debate to get passed before it can become a law. (5) In the United States, the House of Representatives and the Senate play similar functions. (6) Third, the Prime Minister in Great Britain appoints the members of the cabinet, w

21、ho serve as advisors and make government policies. (7) In the same manner, the U. S. President appoints his cabinet, which is composed of heads of the governmental departments. (8) Finally, the British monarch (queen or king) has the right to veto any law. (9) The U. S. President can also refuse to

22、sign any bill passed by the Congress.Which sentence is the topic sentence? And what is the controlling idea?What are the main ideas of the compared points?the form of the governmentthe law making functionthe appointment of the cabinetthe veto rightWhat pattern does this paragraph employ?Please under

23、line the signal words for comparisonpoint-by-pointProfessional Reading Text B, Unit 1 American Family Life : The Changing Picture Donna BarronText Studyo Organizationo Introductiono Bodyo Transitionso ConclusionOrganizationoAs shown by the outline below, the organization of the text resembles the tr

24、aditional one-three-one model. Fill in the missing paragraph numbers. I. Introduction: Paragraphs _ II. Body: Paragraphs _ Supporting Point 1: Paragraphs _ Supporting Point 2: Paragraphs _ Supporting Point 3: Paragraphs _ III. Conclusion: Paragraphs _Introductiono What is the main idea of the introd

25、uctory part? o What method best describe the introductory paragraphs to the essay? a. General to narrow b. Questions c. An opposite situation d. AnecdoteBodyoAccording to the author, what are the three changes of American family life? And what are the effects of those changes respectively? oIt is ob

26、vious that the author presented her evidence by contrast? Whats the pattern, subject by subject or point by point? Explain your answer. Change Effects123Transitionso Can you find the following contrast signals used in the essay? (write the para. number after the signal) 1. first ( ), second( ), finally ( ) 2. a generation ago( ); thirty years ago( ); today ( ) 3. but ( )Conclusiono What is the main idea of the concluding part? o With which common method of conclusion does the essay end? a. A summary and final thought b. Thought-provoking questions c. A prediction