高考英语语法必考点与常考点归纳

1、II.定冠词的用法12016高考英语语法必考点与常考点归纳、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an ）,定冠词（the ）,和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA pla ne is a mach ine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiti ng for you. 有个男孩在等你。3表示每一相当于 every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示相同相当于 the sameWe are n early of an age.Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?S

2、orry, wrong nu mber. There isntMr.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人Smith here.有类似性质的人或事A.不填B. aC. theD.oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have awalk, many a time7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于 so（as, too, how

3、）+ 形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.success（抽象名词）a success（ 具体化）成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity可惜或遗憾的事a must 必需必备的事a good kno wledge of精通掌握某一方面的知识21表示某一类人或物In many places in Chi na,bicycle is stillpopular means of tran sportati on.A. a; theB. /; aC. the

4、; aD. the;the2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the uni verse, the moon, the Pacific Ocea n3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind ope ning the door?4用于演奏乐器play the violi n, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the liv ing, the woun ded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇对比上文的不定冠词用法 5）Could you tell me the way toJoh nsons,please?Sorry, we don

5、 t haveJohnson here inthe village.A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级刖He is the taller of the two childre n.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party ofChina, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was inven ted in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990 （二十世纪九十年

6、代）11用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.III.不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beiji ng Uni versity, Jack, Chi na, love, air2名词刖有 this, my, whose, some, no, each,every 等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse isthis?33季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐刖March,

7、 Sun day, Nati onal Day, spri ng4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Li ncoln was made Preside nt of America.5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes play ing football/chess.6与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词刖We went right round to the west coast by sea in stead ofdrivi ng acrosscon ti nent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the;不填 D.不填；不填7以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husba nd

8、 and wife, knife and fork, day and ni ght8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful an imals.二、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体可数名词不可数名词机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意：名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质 She held some flowers in her hand.花儿个体名词 The trees are now in flower开花抽象名词 Youth is beautiful.冃春抽象名词 He is a youth of twe

9、nty年轻人个体名词 They have achieved remarkable成功抽象名词success in their work.成功的事个体名词4一 How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.铁物质名词 Please lend me your iron.熨斗个体名词 He broke a piece of glass.玻璃物质名词 He broke a glass.玻璃杯个体名词 I bought a

10、 chicke n this morning小鸡个体名词 Please help yourself to some鸡肉物质名词chicke n抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如:have 等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作1一 I dikeinformation about the managementof yourhotel,please.Well, you could haveword with the man ager. He might behelpfulA.some,aB.a n,someC.some,someD.a n,a2They sent usword

11、 of the latest happe nin gs.消息（扌由象名词）A.aB.a nC./D.the5 Could we haveword before you go to the meeti ng?话（个体名词）A.aB.a nC./D.the类 例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussi on/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance（进步）/make an early start（早点出发）/make a decision/make a change/give a

12、 cry of pain（发出痛古的叫声）/give atry表示知识和时间的抽 象名词转换为普通名 词时可以用来表示其中的一部分1Many people agree thatknowledge of English is a mustinintern ati onal trade today.A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /,thea knowledge of truth（ 知道实际情况）give a fuller kno wledge of Ch ina（ 提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）have a knowledge of shorthand（ 有速记的知识 ）2

13、If there were no exam in atio n, we should haveat school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier time3is mon ey.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一 Oh, Joh n.you gave me!A.How a pleasa nt surpriseB.How pleasa nt surprise6C.What a pleasa nt surpriseD

14、. What pleasa nt surprise She looked upwhe n I shouted.A.i n a surprise B.i n the surpriseC.i n surpriseD.i n some surprise其它例子： The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We havehad some un pleasa nt surprise It is_ work of art that every one wants to have a look at it.A.so unu sualB. such unu sua

15、lC.such an unu sualD.so an unu sualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书）英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表III.主谓一致规贝 y例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woma n-wome n,goose-geese, mouse-micefoot-feet,2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, tha nks, goods, glas

16、ses,compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）audienee, class, family, crowd,couple, group,次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象 或结果。这时名词前 往往有形容词修饰7也可以作复数（成员）committee, gover nment, populati on, crew, team, public,en emy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（ 海关）,forces（军队）,times（时 代）, spirits（

17、情绪）,drinks（饮料）,sands（沙滩）, papers（文件报纸）,manners（礼貌）,looks（外表）, brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）7表示 某国人”加-sAmerica ns,Australia ns,Germa ns,Greeks,Swedes, Europea ns单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chin ese, Japa nese以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-womenEn glishme n, Fren chwome n8合成名词将主体名词变为复数son s-i n-law,lookers-

18、on,passers-by,story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将取后部分变为复数grow n-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数wome n sin gers, men serva nts规情况举例则语以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名His father is working on the farm.词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用To study En glish well is not easy.8数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Readi ng in the sun

19、 is bad for your eyes.What he said is very importa nt for us all.由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词 多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构 时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three En glish books.由连接词 and 或 bothand 连接起来的主致 语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由 and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,原 each, every 或 mor

20、e tha n a(a n)/on e,ma ny a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each,every 或 no+单数名词和由some, anyno, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单则数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in theclassroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of

21、 us has a new book.Is every one here today?Somebody isspeak ingin class.Everyth ing around us is matter若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的 谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复9None of the sugar was left.None of us has （have） bee n to America.在定语从句里，关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先 行词的数一致。Those who want to go please wri

22、te their n ameson the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the（only）one of my friends who is work inghard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema toni ght.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are loo

23、k ing for the lost child.The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .（他的一家）His family are watchi ng TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班）Class Four are unable to agree upon a mon itor.由 a lot of /lots of/ pienty of/ a heap of/There are a lot of people in the

24、classroom.10heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+ 名词 构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时， 其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 perce nt of the stude nts in our class are girls.此外，还有 a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但 the number of + 复数名 词的数就得依 number 而定（用单数）。A number of stud

25、ents have gone to the farm tohelp the farmer pick apples.The nu mber of pages in this book is threehun dred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.Betwee n the two hills sta nds a monument.逻辑意What, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是

26、单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag?Which are your bags?Are any of you good at En glish?Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has bee n done.11义致原则All is going well.All have bee n take n out.All have gone to Beiji ng.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这 是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整 体。Thirty minu tes is eno

27、ugh for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用 复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的 复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China.The ArabianNights ” is an interestingstory-book.表数量的短语one and a half”后面接复 数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形 式。One and a half apples

28、is left on the table.一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics,politics, physics 以及 news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的 名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形 式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于 1990 年。I don think physics is easy to study.trousers,glasses, clothes,shoes,My glasses are broke n.12scissors （剪刀）等词作主语时，谓语用复The

29、 pair of shoes un der the bed is his.数,但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes 被 a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。“定冠词 the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类The old are take n good care of there.人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动The beautiful gives pleasure to all.词用单数。Either the teacher or the stude nts are our当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, notfri

30、en ds.only but also ,whether or连接时，谓语Neither he nor they are wholly right.就动词和邻近的主语保持一致，即就近一致。Neither they nor he is wholly right.近Is n either he nor they wholly right?/there be 句型中 be 动词的单复数取决There are two chairs and a desk in the远于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接room.-一-的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持There is a desk and two

31、 chairs in the room.致一致，即就近一致。原主语后面跟有 with, together with,Mr. Green, together with his wife and则except, but, like, as well as, no lesschildre n, has come to China.than, rather than, more than, besides,A woma n with a baby was on the bus.along with, in cludi ng, in additi on to等弓丨Nobody but Jim and M

32、ike was on the起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即playgro und.13就远一致。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have lear ned to speakJapa nese.No one except my teachers knows anything aboutit.三、代词I代词可以分为以下八大类1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容词性物主代词m

33、y, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs142反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,themselves3指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some4疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5关系代词/连接代词that, which, who, wh

34、om, whose, asone/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/6不定代词little/ a few/ a littleother/ ano ther, all/ both, n either/ either7相互代词each other,o ne ano ther类另 U区另 U例句 we ve been looking at the houses but havenfoundwe like yet.A.o neB.o nesC.itD.themone,one 可以泛指人或者事 Cars do cause us some

35、 health problems insome ,（东西），其复数为onesfact far more seriousthan mobileany 和 itphones do.A.o neB.onesC.itD.thoseII.不定代词用法注意点t15some 可用于疑冋句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等Your coffee smells great! It sromMexico . Would you like?A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittlesome 和 any 修饰可数名词单数时，some 表示某个，any 表示任何一个1I have read this

36、 article in some magazine. Pleasecorrect the mistakes, if any.2一 Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?way as you please.A.EachB.EveryC.A nyD.Eitherone 指同类中的一个，it 指代同一种类的东西。此外 it 还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型 史。There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow?No, I d rath

37、er buyin the bookstore.A.it; oneB.one;oneC.on e;itD.it;itsome 多用于肯疋句，any多用于疑问句和否定句 There scooking oil in the house.Would you go to the corner store and getA.1ittle,someB.1ittle,a nyC.alittle,someD.a little,a ny162We had three sets of garden tools and weseemed to have no use for.A.noneB.eitherC.anyD.

38、each3He doesn t havefurniture in hisroom -just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. mucheach 禾口everyeach 强调个别，代表的数 可以是两个或两个以上， 而every 强调整体，所指 的数必须是三个或三个以 上1Each stude nt has a pocket dicti on ary.Each (of us) has a dict ion ary. = We each havea dictio nary.2Every student has strong and weak points. /E

39、very one of us has strong and weak poin ts.none 禾口 nono 等于 not any ,作疋语。none 作主语或宾语，代替 不可数名词，谓语用单数， 代替可数名词，谓语单复 数皆可以1There is no water in the bottle.2How much water is there in the bottle? None.3None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.17other 禾口ano therother 泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如:the othe

40、r day,every otherweek,someotherreas on,no otherway,the other 特指两者中的另 外一个，复数为 the others1Both sides have accusedofbreak ing the con tract.A. anotherB. the otherC. neitherD.each2Two students in our class failed, but all the otherspassed the exam.an other 指又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是 others，泛指“别的人或事”1We had a pi

41、cnic last term and it was a lot offun，so let s haveone this monthA . the otherB . someC . anotherD. other2The trousers are too long, please give me ano ther pair/ some others.3Some like football, while others like basketball.either 禾口 neither前者意思为：两者都（两者中任何一方都）；后 者意思为：两者都1一 Do you want tea or coffee

42、?,Ireally dont mind.A. noneB. neitherC. eitherD.all2It was hard for him to learn English in a family,18in whichof the parentsspoke theIan guage.A. noneB. neitherC. bothD.each四、形容词和副词I.形容词1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰 some, any, every, no 禾口 body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时no body abse nt, everyth ing

43、possible2以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最咼级或the best book available,the on ly soluti ononly 修饰的名词之后possible3alive, alike, awake, aware,后置asleep 等作定语时the only pers on awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5 成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on withto take his adve

44、nturecourse willcerta inlylear nalotofuseful7enough 修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修skills.(NMET2000)饰形容词或副词时要后置A.Brave eno ugh stude ntsB.Eno ugh breave stude ntsC.Stude nts brave eno ugh19D.Stude nts eno ugh brave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词 + size （小）+ shape

45、 （形状）+ age （年 龄、时间）+ color （颜色）+ origin （国籍、来源）+ material （材料）+ purpose（目的）+名词。 This_ girl is Linda s cous 北京卷）A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. littlepretty Spanish2.复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkin d-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-lovi ng3形

46、容词+现在分词ordin ary-look ing8名词+过去分词sno w-covered4副词+现在分词hard-work ing9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词n ewly-built10数词+名词twe nty-year3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead .当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身， 死了。Afraid of difficulties , they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。20II.副词的分类:1时间副

47、词soon, now, early, fin ally,once, recen tly5频度副词always,ofte n,freque ntly,seldom, n ever2地点副词here, n earby, outside,upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, whe n, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly,excitedly, really7连接副词how,whe n,where,why,whether, however, mea nwhile4程度副词almost, n early, very,fairly, quite, r

48、ather8关系副词whe n, where, whyIII.形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er 和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和 most。项目例句同级比较时常常用asas以及 notShe is as tall as her mother.so(as)as I am not as/ so good a player as you are.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用This picture is more beautiful tha n that one.比较级(+ than )”I

49、 have never seen such a more interesting film的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另(tha n this on e).一方阴藏起来的情况。表示 方不及另 方时，用less +原This room is less beautiful tha n that one.级+ than的结构表示21表示一方随另一方变化时用“hemorethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比较级来表达最咼级的意思I have n ever spe nt a more worry ing d

50、ay.我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）倍数的表达表达 法一： A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of theold one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。表达法二： A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long,etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large

51、 as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, l onger, etc.)tha n B.Your school is three times bigger tha n ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用 twice 或double.注意：1.可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far.any, a great deal

52、 ;2.表示最高程度的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme,perfect， superior)unior 等。五、动词和短语动词知识网络动词的分类行为动词（实义动词）1及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop;2不及物动词（不带宾语）work,swim, go, come223状态动词(相对静止)contain, exist, own, prefer, bel ong4动作动词： 延续性(work, stay );非延续性(marry, go, come )连系动词(汉语中没有这种词类)助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)be(a

53、m,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall情态动词can( could),may(might),must,shall(should)短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn every light in the house off.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harry turned up after the party whe n every one had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)注意：1如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词冋动词分开She t

54、urned off all the lights which had bee n left o n.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。2如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。3同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异ring back 回电话ring off 挂断电话ring up 打电话23put away 放好put on 穿，上演put up 挂起，举起。不冋动词和冋一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异break out 发生，爆炸carry out 进行，开展go out 熄灭hand out 分发let out 放出look out 当心sell out 卖完set out 出发，take out 取出work out 算出动词+介词（及物）rm looki ng for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look aft