综合英语(一)部分语法

1、综合英语（一）部分语法2003年01月03日英语老师1 现在分词和过去分词用作形容词现在分词常常用来直接形容事物,而被形容的事物往往是该分词的施动者;过去分词则往往是用来形容人的情感或感觉等,人是动作的施动对象。1. The book is interesting.I am interested in the book.2. The movie is exciting. I am excited at the movie. 2 一般疑问句中的宾语从句该宾语从句一般使用疑问词陈述句语序，只有当疑问词是宾语从句的主语时，宾语从句才采用特殊疑问句的语序。1.  

2、0;    Does it say where it is?2.       Could you tell me how soon it will be available?3.       Do you know how much it costs?4.       Could you tell me which bus runs near the apartment?5. 

3、      Do you know whats included in the rent?3 would rather & preferprefer的意思是：优先选择、比较喜欢、更喜欢、更为愿意。常用句型有：、prefer to do (常指特定的或具体的某项行动)、prefer +名词（动名词）to （介词）名词（动名词）、prefer +to do rather than doeg.I prefer to wait until he comes back.I prefer beef to pork.She prefers knitt

4、ing to sewing.My mother prefers to do housework herself rather than hire a house-maid.如果表示愿意让别人干什么事，用下列句型：. prefer sb to do .prefer that + sb +动词过去时例如：I should prefer Dick to attend the meeting.I should prefer Mike not to go there alone.I should prefer that Mike did not go there alone.I should prefe

5、r that a young actress played Anna Karenninna. Would rather 的意思是“宁愿”、“更为愿意”。常用句型：、would rather do would rather not do. would do rather than do would rather do than do.sb + would rather that + sb +过去（过去完成）时例如：I would rather do it right now.I would rather not tell you.Will you join us in a game o

6、f cards? -Thank you, but Id rather not.He would rather die than give in.Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from others.(I would borrow money from others rather than refuse to help you. / I would rather borrow money from others than refuse to help you.)Would rather 接名词从句时，从句中的谓语要用虚拟

7、语气。从句中说现在的事，谓语用过去时；说过去的事，用过去完成时，例如：I would rather you went with my daughter.I would rather you hadnt done such a stupid thing.She would rather Margaret stayed longer.She will die of grief. I would rather she didnt know her sons death.  4 条件句用if 引导的条件从句用一般现在时表示将来意义。If it is fine tomorrow, I

8、 will go to the beach.If the plane arrives at the ariport on time, I will meet you there at five.5 another, some / any more, something / anything else 与可数名词和不可数名词 another 只用来修饰可数名词，some more 既可以用来修饰可数名词，也可以用来修饰不可数名词；something else 在否定句中变成anything else，some more 变成any more6 现在完成进行时a.   

9、;    用于表示早些时候开始并一直在进行的动作，可能仍在延续what have you been doing?Ive been reading, my wife has been watching TV, and our baby has been sleeping.How long has it been raining? It has been raining for an hour. b.       有些动词如work, live, study, teach 等延续意味较强，可以用于现

10、在完成时和现在完成进行时，区别不大：How long have you working (been working) in this company?He has lived (been living) in Hong Kong for ten years (since 1987).c.       有些动词如see, write, read, translate, build, cut等用于现在完成时表示动作已经完成，用于现在完成时则表示仍在反复进行：Ive seen all my old friends and theyve go

11、ne home. (已经完成)Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. (在反复进行)She has written a report.She has been writing reports for the government all these years.They have just built an office block here.They have been building blocks of flats here for three years.  *现在完成时跟现在完成进行时的区分现在完成进行时强调

12、行为本身，而现在完成时则强调行为的结果。现在完成时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。We have been cleaning the classroom. (a)We have cleaned the classroom. (b)(a)    句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是： 我们身上都是灰。（b）句可译为“我们把教室打扫过了。“ 其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。

13、又，（a）句表示教室刚刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫地。Be careful! John has been paiting the door.John has painted the door.They have been widening the road.They have widened the road. 7 可数名词和不可数名词一、普通名词：某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。可分为四类： 个体名词（表个别人或事物）：man，teacher 集体名词（表若干人或事物）class，team 物质名词（表物质或材料） air，milk， 抽象名词（表性质

14、、行为、状态或情感等抽象概念等）二、专有名词：个别人、个别事物、团体Mr. Black ,the Yellow River,1可数名词的六种情况：2. 不可数名词要表示数量时可在前面加量词，如： a piece of , a box of , a bottle of , a bar of , a tube of , a basket of, a pair of8 hope & wishhope & wish 都可以接宾语从句表示一种希望。Hope所表示的一般对现在或将来的希望，往往是可以实现的；wish 可以指对过去、现在或将来的希望，这种希望往往是不可能如愿的，所以宾语从句中的谓语常用一般过去时（表示对现在的希望）、过去完成时（对过去的希望）、过去将来时（对将来的希望）。例如：I hope (that) you havent hurt youself.I hope you will be a good guide.We hope that the swimming pool will be completed as soon as possible.I wish I were the chairman of our country.She wished she had passed the