-1995年英语专业八级改错真题及问题详解持续更新(部分详解)文字问题详解校对版

1、实用文档1995-2017 年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字 / 答案校对版）2017 年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguisheshumanbeings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which1._distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe

2、 equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is2._what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe factthatthey need to improve communication skillsfrom timeto time.They need to take stock of the way how they

3、 interact and the direction3._in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change,the more one accepts one s strengthsand works4._towardsdealingwiththeirshortcomings,speciallyintheareaof5._communication skills, the better will be their interactions andthe more th

4、eir social popularity.Thedominated questionthatcomeshereis:Howtoimprove6._communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of menand women. In fact, a large number of companie

5、s are bringing intrainerstoregularlymakesessionsonthesubject,inorderto7._help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominantfactor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewersjudgethem o

6、n thebasisoftheskillstheycommunicatewith.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but abilityto 8._communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There aretrainers,who specializedindeliveringcustom-made9._实用文档programs on the subject. T

7、hrough the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look intotheproblemsinthemanner of being abletoconvey messages effectively.10._2016 年改错真题Allsocialunitsdevelopa culture.Even intwo-person relationships,a culture develops in time. In friendship and rom

8、antic relationships,1._for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special2._character acharacterthatdiffersitinvariouswaysfrom3._other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,songs, or events

9、 that come to have a unique andimportantsymbolicmeaningforthetwoindividuals.Thus,any4._social unitwhether a relationship, group, organization, orsociety develops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,allculturessharecertainsame functions.The

10、 relationshipbetween5._communicationandcultureisaverycomplexintimateone.6._Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthemeans ofhuman interaction,throughitculturalcharacteristics7._are createdand shared. It isnot so muchthatindividualsset out tocreatea culturewhen theyinte

11、ractinrelationships,groups,organizations,orsocieties,butratherthan thatculturesareanaturalby-productofsocialinteraction.8._In a sense, cultures are the“ residue ” of social communication.Withoutcommunicationand communicationmedia,itwould be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics f

12、rom one place and time to 9._another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._transmitted, and learned through communication.2015 年改错真题When Iwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspecta实用文档cularshowonicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundat theluxuryofthe1. _rink,myfriendsmotherremarkedo

13、nthe“plush ”seatswehadbeengiven.Ididnotknow whatshe meant, andbeingproudofmy2._vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“ Plush ”wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;that3. _much Icouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4._startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainl

14、yareplush,andsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren tthey?Myfriendsmotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5. _expressionthatI hadnotgotthewordquiteright.Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthe contextwhatawordroughlymeans,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth6._newwordsand newmeani

15、ngsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7._ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhaveaskedforplush ,and thisisparticularlytrueinthe8._aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9_speakersofthelanguage youarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthele

16、arnerofEnglish.Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomend thegap.10._实用文档2014 年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatquestions1._havepossessedthemost

17、attentionofresearchersa:2._theinfollowingthisare Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?3._Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave4._more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates people to acquire additional la

18、nguages?Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe5._acquisition of an additional language?What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?Froma check of theliteratureof thefielditis clearthatall6._the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so

19、 far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof anadditionallanguage isthatofanindividualattemptstodo7._so. Whether one labels it“ learning ” or“acquiring ” an additionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder8._focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitut

20、ionalstatusofanindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning9._or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.10._2013 年改错真题Psycho-linguisticsisthe

21、name giventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguist实用文档icsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,and henceare concerned1._withlistening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually2._happenssoeffortless

22、ly,and mostoftime,soaccurately.3._Indeed,whenyou listentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,4._younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareof5._thecomplexityinvolved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeor colleaguehashadastrokewhichh

23、as6._influencedtheirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;7._ifwetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet anyoneelse8._whois.As weshallsee,alltheseexamplesofwhatmightbecalled“ languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheproc

24、essesevolvedinspeaking,listening,writingandreading.But9._giventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealso10._needtocarryoutcarefulexperimentstogetatwhatishappening.2012 年改错真题Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeen goingsinceatleast1._

25、thefirstcenturyB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavoredcertainkindof“ free ”translation:thespirit,notthe2._实用文档letter;thesensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematter3._notthemanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho4._wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof

26、5._19thcentury,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguagewas6._entirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible7._gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmust8._beasliteralaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementof

27、the9._extreme“ literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Toooften,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.10._2

28、011 年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, Iknew thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheages1._of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon thisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmy2._truenatureandthatsoonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledown3._and write books.I

29、was the child of three, but there was a gap offiveyearsoneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfather4._before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhich5._made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the实用文档lonely childs habit of making up stor

30、ies and holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfromthe6._verystartmyliteralambitionswere mixedupwiththefeeling7._of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facilitywithwordsand apoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,and I8._feltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldwhichIcouldget9._myo

31、wnbackformyfailureineverydaylife.Therefore,the10._volume of serious i.e. seriously intended writing whichI produced all through my childhood and boyhood would notamount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poemat the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010 年改错真题Sofarasweca

32、ntell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1_thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.2_Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive3_peoplesorcultures,butthat isanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe4_faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5_English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalledprimit