建筑结构英语常用词汇

1、总体设计General design设计依据Design basis建筑红线Building line建筑系数Coefficient of building occupation界区Battery limited有效面积Effective area使用面积Usable area结构面积Structural area建筑面积Building area建筑面积密度Density of building area竖向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高线Contour line相对标高Relative elevation绝对标高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度

2、Basic earthquake intensity抗震设防烈度Fortification intensity风玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Buildingorientation建筑间距Buildingdistance公顷Hectare指北针Northarrow测北Geophicalnorth建北Plantnorth气象Meteorology日照Sunshine天然采光Naturallighting人工照明Artificantlight;artificialillumination照度Degreeofillumination通风Ventilation正压通风Positiveventilati

3、ng噪声Noise隔声Soundinsulation吸声Soundabsorption保温隔热Heatinsulation层tWjFloor height净高Clear height; headroom横数Module; modulus裙房Skirt building楼梯Stair梯段Stair slab楼梯平台Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散楼梯Escape staircase楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Enclosure staircase防烟楼梯间Smoke prevention stair well消防电梯间Emergency elevators w

4、ell自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escape way耐火等级Fire-resistive grade生产类别Classification of production露点Dewpoint冷桥Cold-bridge遮阳Sunshade恒温恒湿Constanttemperature&constanthumidity消声Noiseelimination;noisereduction防振antivibration建筑一般词汇Conventionaltermsofarchitecture万案Scheme;draft草图Sketch透视图Pe

5、rspectivedrawing建筑构图Architecturalcomposition坐标Coordinate纵坐标Ordinate横坐标Abscissa跨度Span开关Bay进深Depth耐火极限Durationoffire-resistance防火间距File-breakdistance泄压面积Areaofpressurerelease闷顶Mezanine;mezzanine醇标号Gradeofbrick;strengthofbrick承重墙Bearingwall非承重墙Non-bearingwall挡土墙Retainingwall填充墙Fillerwall围护墙Curtainwall;

6、claddingwall;enclosurewall女儿墙Parapetwall隔墙Partition（浴室、厕所）隔断Stall窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁Gird;girt;girthDamp-proof course勒脚Plinth横梁Transverse beam纵横Longitudinal wall山墙Gable; gable wall防火墙Fire wall压顶Coping勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brick flat arch预埋件Embedded inserts直抓梯Ladder栏杆Railing防腐蚀Corrosion resistant; Antic

7、orrosion化学溶蚀Chemical erosion膨胀腐蚀Expansion corrosion化学腐蚀Chemical corrosion电化学腐蚀Electro-chemical corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion气相腐蚀防潮层Gaseous corrosion液相腐蚀Liquidoid corrosion固相腐蚀Solid corrosion腐蚀裕度Allowance for corrosion锈蚀rusting建筑材料Building materials级配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯实Rammed earth灰

8、土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete细石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete轻质混凝土Lightweight concrete加气混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶粒混凝土Ceramsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cement & expended pearlite岩棉Mineral wool; mine wool沥青asphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂Asphaltmastic粘土砖Claybrick釉面砖Porcelainenamelbrick空心科Hollowb

9、rick砌块Block缸砖guarrybrick锦醇mosac地面砖pavingbrick防滑地砖non-slipbrick耐酸醇(板)acidbrick(acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloytile玻璃瓦enamelledtile波形镀锌钢板galvanizedcorrugatesteelsheet玻璃钢瓦glass-fiberreinforcedplastictile彩色压型钢(铅)板colouredcorrugatesteel(aluminium)plat;profiuingcolouredstccl(aluminium)plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sh

10、eet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石marble水泥砂浆抹面cement plaster石灰砂浆抹面lime plaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster刀灰打底hemp-cut and lime as base原木Log方木square timber板材plank胶合板plywood三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃flat glass浮法玻璃float-processglass磨砂玻璃groundglass;fros

11、tedglass起玻璃prismglass夹丝玻璃Wireglass夹层玻璃sandwichglass中空玻璃hollowglass钢化玻璃reinforcedglass镀膜玻璃coatingglass有机玻璃organicglass建筑构造及配件Buildingconstruction&component铺砌paving地坪grade基层bedding素土夯实rammedearth垫层base结合层bondingcourse面层Covering隔离层Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天沟Valley挑檐overhanging eave檐口eave泛水flash

12、ing分水线watershed檐沟eave gutter汇水面积catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrance steps保温门thermal insulation door隔声门(窗)sound insulation door (window);acoustical door (window)防火门(窗)fire door (window)冷藏门freezer door安全门insulationcourse活动地板raisingfloor;movablefloor;accessfloor篦子板grating地面提示块groundprompt遮阳板s

13、unshade窗套Windowmoulding护角curbguard防水层water-proofcourse找平层Levelingcourse隔热层heatinsulationcourse保温层thermalinsulationcourse楝条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶suspendingceiling吊顶龙骨ceilingjoist雨水口draingulley水斗exit door防护门（窗）protection door （window）屏蔽门（窗）Shield door （window）防风砂门radiation resisting door （window）

14、密闭门（窗）weather tight door泄压门（窗）pressure release door （window）壁柜门closet door变压器间门transformer room door围墙门gate车库门garage door保险门safe door引风门ventilation door检修门access door平开门（窗）side-hung door推拉门（窗）sliding door弹簧门swing door折迭门folding door卷帘门rolling door转门revolving door夹板门plywooddoor拼板门FLBdoor（framed,Ledge

15、dandbatteneddoor）;matchboarddoor实拼门soliddoor镶板门paneldoor镶玻璃门glazeddoor玻璃门glassdoor钢木门steel&woodendoor百页门shutterdoor连窗门doorwithsidewindow传递窗deliverywindow观察窗observationwindow换气窗ventsast上悬窗top-hungwindow中悬窗center-pivotedwindow下悬窗bottom-hungwindow立转窗verticallypivotedwindow固定窗fixedwindowsill plate防护

16、铁栅barricade; iron grille; grating合页butts; hinges; butt hinges执手knob撑档catch滑道sliding track插销bolt拉手pull推板push plate门锁mortice lock; door lock执手锁mortice lock with knob建筑结构Building structure4.5.1 荷载Load活荷载Live load静荷载，恒载Dead load静力荷载Static load移动荷载Moving load动力荷载Dynamic load冲击荷载单层窗singlewindow双层窗doublewi

17、ndow百页窗shutter带形窗continuouswindow子母扇窗attachedsashwindow组合窗compositewindow落地窗Frenchwindow玻璃幕墙glazedcurtainwall门（窗）框door（window）frame拼樟料transom（横）,mullion（竖）门（窗）扇door（window）leaf（平开窗扇casementsash）纱扇screensash亮子transom,fanlight门心板pancl披水板weatherboard贴脸板trim筒子板Lining窗台板impact load附加荷载Superimposed load规定

18、荷载(又称标准荷载)Specified Load集中荷载Concentrated Load分布荷载Distributed Load设计荷载Design Load轴向荷载Axial Load偏心荷载Eccentric Load风荷载Wind Load风力、风压Wind force 、Wind Pressure雪荷载Snow Load屋面积灰荷载Roof ash Load(吊车)最大轮压Maximum Wheel Load吊车荷载Crane Load安装荷载Erection Load施工荷载Construction Load不对称荷载Unsymmetrical Loading重复荷载Repeate

19、d Load刚性荷载RigidLoad柔性荷载FlexibleLoad临界荷载CriticalLoad容许荷载AdmissibleLoad,AllowableLoadsafeLoad极限荷载UltimateLoad条形荷载StripLoad破坏荷载FailureLoad,Loadatfailure地震荷载SeismicLoad;Earthquakeload荷载组合Combinationofload4.5.2 地基和基础Soilandfoundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Naturalground人工地基Artificialground混凝土基础Concretefoundation;

20、Concretefooting毛石基础Rubblemasonryfooting;(Rubble)stonefooting科基础Brickworkfooting桩基础Pilefoundation设备基础Equipment foundation基础Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基础板Foundation slab基础梁Foundation beam Footing beam基础底面Foundation base基础底板Foundation mat基础垫层Foundation-bed基础埋

21、置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下连续墙Undelground continuous wall打桩Pile driving打桩机Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine钢桩Steel pile水桩Wood pile; Timber pile钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced concrete pile砂桩Sand pile石灰桩Lime pile; Lime column; Quicklime pile单桩Single pile机器基础Machinefoundation独立基础Individualfooting,Isolate

22、dfoundationPadfoundation联合基础Combinedfooting大块式基础Massivefoundation条形基础Stripfoundation;StripfootingStrapfooting;Continuousfooting方形基础Squarefooting杯形基础Footingsocket板式基础Slab-foundation;Matfooting阶梯形基础Steppedfoundation;Benchedfoundation(Steppedfooting)扩展基础spreadfooting扩底基础Under-reamedfoundation浮伐基地Raftfo

23、undation;BuoyantfoundationFloatingfoundation沉箱(井)基础Caissonfoundation构架式基础Framefoundation深基础Deepfoundation群桩Pile group; Pile cluster斜桩Batter pile预制桩precast pile灌注桩In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pileCast-in-situ pile; Filling pile板桩sheet pile拆密桩Compaction pile挤密砂桩Sand compaction pile灰土挤密桩Line-soil compac

24、tion pile钻孔桩Bored pile打入桩Driuen pile摩擦桩Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承桩End bearing pile; Point bearing pile;Column pile （ 柱桩）支承桩Bearing pile抗拔桩Tension pile; Uplift pile;抗滑桩Anti-slicle pile桩承台Pile cap桩帽Pile cap; pile couel桩头Pilecrown;pilehead桩端Piletip桩身Pileshaft桩距Pilespacing桩钢筋笼Pilecage试桩Testpile桩荷载试验P

25、ileloadtest桩的动荷载试验Dynamicloadtestofpile桩的侧向荷载试验Lateralpileloadtest桩的极限荷载Ultimatepileload桩承载能力Pilecapacity;BearingcapacityofapileCarryingcapacityofapile土压力Earthpressure主动土压力Activeearthpressure被动土压力Passiveearthpressure静止土压力Earthpressureatrest容许地耐力Allowablebearingstrength冰冻深度Frozendepth;Frostdepth;Fros

26、tpenetrationdepthoffrostpenetration防冻深度Frost-proofdepth粘土类土Clayeysoil轻亚粘土Sandyloam亚粘土Sandyclay;Loam砂质土Sandysoil砂砾石Sandygravelstratum膨胀土Expansivesoil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hardpan液限Liquidlimit塑限Plasticlimit塑料指数Indexofplasticity松软土Mellowsoil;spongysoil回填土BackfillRefilling杂填土Miscellaneousfill地表水Surfacewater;地下水Gro

27、undwater地下水位Groundwatereltualion;Groundwaterlevel;Groundwatertable容重Unitweight干容重Dryunitweight湿容重Wetunitweight饱和容重Saturatedunitweight不均匀沉降Unequalsettlement;Differentialsettlement地基处理Groundtreatment地基加固Groundstabilization;soilimprovement土质查勘Soilexploration地质勘察Geologicalexploration沉陷Settlement倾斜obliqu

28、ity;Inclination滑移Sliding夯实土Compactedsoil夯实填土Compactedfill夯实回填土Tampedbackfill夯实分层厚度Compactedlift持力层Bearingstratum;Supporting;Course结构构件Structure member肋形屋盖Ribbed roof肋形楼板Ribbed floor slab无梁楼板Flat plate; Flat slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss 梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof trus

29、s折线形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring truss框架Frame排架Bent frame刚架Rigid frame门架Portal frame抗风构架Wind frame抗震构架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girder管道与基础相碰Pipelineinterfereswithfoundation4.5.3 一般结构用语Termsforgeneralstructures建筑结构Buildingstructure建筑物Building结构形式Structuraltype混凝土（碎）结构Concretestructure砌体结构M

30、asonrystructure砖砌结构Brickstructure石砌结构Stonestructure砖硅结构Brickandconcretestructure钢结构Steelstructure结构型钢Shapesteel木结构Timberstructure组合结构Compositestructure框架结构Framestructure梁板结构Beamandslabstructure构件Member承重构件Load-bearingmember主梁Principalbeam;Primarybeam次梁Secondarybeam加腋梁Haunchedbeam筒支梁Simplybeam固端梁Fixe

31、dbeam悬臂梁Cantileverbeam连续梁Continuousbeam托梁Spandrel圈梁girth过梁Lintel曲梁Curvedbeambowbeam基础梁Foundationbeam吊车梁CranegirderT形梁T-beam柱Column组合柱Combinationcolumn立柱Post吊车柱Cranecolumn抗风柱Endpanelcolumn墙wall板slabplate承重墙Bearingwalls柱网Columngrid支撑系统Bracesystem柱间支撑Portalbracingbetweencolumns屋石支撑Roofbracing垂直支撑Vertic

32、albracing水平支撑Horizontalbracing剪刀撑Crossbracing临时顶撑，支撑Shoring桁架式支撑Trussedbracing斜撑Kneel-brace上弦Topchord下弦Bottomchord节间Panel节点Panelpoint压杆Compressionmember;strut拉杆Tensionmember;Tie-beam腹杆Webmember斜杆Diagonalmember斜腹杆Diagonalwebmember吊杆Hangedrod;sagrod系杆，拉杆Tiebar;sagrod天窗架Skylightframe天窗Monitor;Skylight托

33、座、牛腿Bracket檀条Purlin连接Connection接点Joint较接点Hingedpoint固接点FixedJoint安装接点Erectionjoint拼接接点Splicejoint节点板、连接板Gussetplate;connectingplate加劲板Stiffenerplate支撑板Bearingplate填隙板Fillerplate梁柱接头Beam-columnconnections截面Crosssection拱Arch壳Shell伸缩缝Expansionjoint沉降缝Settlementjoint施工缝Constructionjoint防震缝Aseismicjoint4

34、.5.4 结构理论用语Termsfortheoryofslructuresa）设计方法术语Termsfordesignmethod结构设计Structuredesign按极限强度设计Ultimatestrengthdesign按许可应力设计Workingstressdesign按承载能力设计Loadingcapacitydesign按稳定性设计Design according to stability按变形设计Design according to deformation结构分析Structural analysis结构计算Structural calculation静定结构Staticall

35、y determinate structures超静定结构Statically indeterminste structures精确计算Rigorous calculation近似计算Approximate calculation安全等级Safety classes极限状态Limit states摩擦系数Coefficient of friction质量密度Mass density重力密度Weight (Force) densityb)结构的作用效应术语轴向力Normal force剪力Shear force弯矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontalthrus

36、t水平拉力Horizontalpull水平(垂直)分力Horizontal(vertical)component合力Resultant正应力Normalstress剪应力Shearstress主应力Principalstress次应力Secondarystress预应力Prestress位移Displacement挠度Deflection变形Deformation弯曲Bending;Flexure扭转Torsionc)材料性能、结构抗力术语Termsofpropertyofmaterialandresistamleofstructure抗力Resistancc抵抗力矩Resistantemom

37、ent强度Strength刚度Stiffness;Rigidity抗裂度Crackresistance抗压强度Compressiuestrength抗拉强度Tensilestrength抗剪强度Shearstrength抗变强度Flcxuralstrength抗扭强度Torsionalstrength抗裂强度Crackingstrength屈服强度Yieldstrength疲劳强度Fatiguestrength弹性模量Modulusofelasticity剪切模量Shearmodulus变形模量Modulusofdeformation稳定性Stabilith泊松比Poissonratiod）几

38、何参数术语Termaofgeometryparameter截面高度Heightofsection截面有效高度Effectivedepthofsection载面宽度Breadthofsection截面厚度Thicknessofsection截面面积Areaofsection截面面积矩Firstmomentofarea截面惯性矩Secondmomentofarea截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Sectionmodulus回转半径Radiusofgyration偏心距eccentricity长度Length跨度Span矢高Rvse长细比Slendernessratio4.5.5 砖石结构Masonryco

39、nstruction砖砌体Brickwork砌筑Laying醇标号Gradeofbrick;Strengthofbrick毛石砌体Rubblemasonry毛石碎砌体Groutedrubblemasonry水泥砂浆Cementmortar石灰砂浆Limemortar水泥石灰砂浆cement-limemortar砂浆找平Mortarleveling4.5.6 钢筋碎结构Reinforcedconcretestructure素混凝土Plainconcrete钢筋混凝土Reinforcedconcrete预应力碎Prestressedconcrete碎标号Gradeofconcrete钢号Gradeofsteel整体式结构Monolithicstructure装配式结构Assembledstructure预制构件Precastelement;Fabricatedelement现浇Cast-in-site;Placed-in-site浇灌碎Concreting;Cost