浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语

1、2014年博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语满分：100分考试时间：180分钟Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points, point each)Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. The patient has been of the safety of the operation.

2、A. guaranteedB. assuredC. entrusted D. confirmed2. Some teenagers harbour a generalized resentment against society, which them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A. deprivesB. restrictsC. rejectsD. denies3. When travelling, you are advised to take travellers 

3、9; checks, which provide a secure to carrying your money in cash.A. substituteB. selectionC. preferenceD.alternative4. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for herattitude toward customers.A. impartialopposingB. mildC. hostileD.5. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrat

4、ed on December 25th the birth of Jesus Christ.A. in accordance withB. in terms ofB. in favor ofD. in honor of6. No one imagined that the apparently businessman was really acriminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulDreceptacle7. In some parts of the world the indigenous population has been com

5、pletelyA. wiped upB. wiped outC. wiped awayDwiped offwere8. the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transporthorse-drawn.A. Akin toB. Prior toC. In addition toD. With reference to9. Because his workplace was so busy and noisy, he longed most of all forA. lonelinessirrelevancyB. associationC

6、. solitudeD.10. Because Mark needed to pass the exam, he madestudying a overwatching his favorite television show.A. priorityB. conformityC. perplexityD.concept11. The record of the past is always incomplete, and the historians who write about it reflect the preoccupations of their own time.A. bound

7、 toB. inevitablyC. indispensably D.justifiably12. Man is a animal, and much more so in his mind than in his body:he may like to go alone for a walk, but he hates to stand alone in hisA. conceited . vanityB. solitary . thoughtsC. gregarious . opinionsD. special . uniqueness13. He says he would write

8、an English course book if he could find a(n) to deal with the less interesting parts.A. accompliceB. collaboratorC. spouseD. kin14. International travelers may have difficulties understanding the adjustment problems that them.A. amazeB. besetC. humiliateD. resurrect15. The distinctive qualities of A

9、frican music were not appreciated or evenA. deploredB. perceivedC. reveredD. ignored16. The spokesperson knew he had madea error when he prematurelyannounced that all of the victims had survived the accident.A. glaringB. grievousC. dazedD.furtive17. His for wanting to stay on as manager is to see En

10、gland as thetop team in the world.A. measurement B. motivation C. requirement18. Manyof the villagers rely on fishing as their source of income.19. She couldn t imagine herself in any form of with her employer,much as she liked him.8. Fantasy C. intimacy20. The fall in the number of deaths from hear

11、t disease is generally to improvements in diet.B. referred21. Do you believe that he had killed a man with his hands?22. It meas strange that the mandidn t introduce himself beforehe spoke.A. occurredB. dawned C. impressedD. struck23. He definitely meant to be rude it was quite .A. spontaneousexpres

12、siveB. deliberateC. consciousD.24. The lawyer told the judge that his did not have a criminalrecord.25. Attitudes learned at home onto the playground.outB. carry on C. carry forwardover26. I m worried about washing that shirt in case it .C. diminishes27. After you ve signed the contract, it will be

13、impossible to .outup offdown28. Korean newspapers only have four pages, so stories have to be very much .the corethe effect the pointbe exact29. She s bought an exercise bike to keep .A. in effectshape sessionhealth30. The judge most of the police evidence, saying it was clearlyfabricated.A. dispose

14、d B. declinedPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text AWhenwe use a word in speech and writi

15、ng, its most obvious purpose is to point to some thing or relation or property.This is the word s “ meaning. ” We seea small four- footed animal on the road and call it a“ dog, ” indicating thatit is a memberof the class of four- footed animals we call dogs. The word “ dog” as we have used it there

16、has a plain, straight- forward, “ objective ” meaning. Wehave in no way gone beyond the requirements of exact scientific description.Let us suppose also that one grandparent of the dog was a collie, another was an Irish terrier, another a fox terrier, and the fourth a bulldog. Wecan express these fa

17、cts equally scientifically and objectively by saying that he is a dog of mixed breed. Still we have in no way gone beyond the requirements of exact scientific description.Suppose, however, that wehad called that sameanimal a “ mongrel. ” The matter is more complicated. Wehave used a word which objec

18、tively meansthe sameas “ dog of mixed breed, ” but which also arouses in our hearers an emotional attitude of disapproval toward that particular dog. A word, therefore, can not only indicate an object, but can also suggest an emotional attitude toward it. Such suggestion of an emotional attitude doe

19、s go beyond exact and scientific discussion because our approvals and disapprovals are individual they belongto ourselves and not to the objects we approve or disapprove of. An animal which to the mind of its master is a faithful and noble dog of mixed ancestry may be a “ mongrel” to his neighbor wh

20、ose chickens are chased by it.Once we are on the lookout for this difference between“ objective ” and“ emotional ” meanings, weshall notice that words which carry more or less strongsuggestions of emotional attitudes are very common and are ordinarily used in the discussion of such controversial que

21、stions as those of politics, morals, and religion. This is one reason why such controversies cannot yet be settled.There is a well- knownsaying that the word “ firm ” can be declined as follows:I am firm , thou are obstinate , he ispigheaded. That is a simple illustrationof what is meant. “ Firm, ”

22、“ obstinate, ” and “ pigheaded” all have the same objective meaning that is, following one s own course of action and refusing to be influenced by other people s opinion. They have, however, different emotional meanings: “ firm ” has an emotional meaning of strong approval, “ obstinate ” of mild dis

23、approval,“ pigheaded” of strong disapproval.In much the same way when, during the World War, thoughts were dominated by emotions, the newspapers contrasted the spirit of our heroic boys with ruthlessness of the Huns （ 贬义 德国兵）, and the heroism of our troops withthe enemy s savagery. Now, with the mor

24、eobjective attitude that has been brought by the lapse of time, we can look back and see that spirit and ruthlessness are objectively the samething, only the one word has an emotional meaning of approval, the other of disapproval. We can see, too, that a soldier going forward under shellfire to prob

25、able death is doing the same thing whether he is a German or one of our countrymen, and that to distinguish between them by applying the word savagery to the action of the one and heroism to that of the other is to distort reality by using words to makean emotional distinction between two actions wh

26、ich are objectively identical.31. The author s point in the first three paragraphs is that .A. there is no real difference between calling a dog a mongrel or calling it a dog of mixed breedis an emotional termB. “ a dog of mixed breedC. “ mongrel ” is an objective termD. words may suggest emotional

27、attitudes as well as objective meanings32. The author maintains that .A. in discussing scientific subjects, emotional words are often used to make meanings clearerB. in discussing controversial questions, objective terms are generally used to help clarify meaningsC. in discussing scientific subjects

28、, objective terms are generally used, in order to avoid controversyD. in discussing controversial questions, emotional terms are used very often33. The author believes that people have disagreements on manysubjects partially because .A. people have not learned how to get along with each other withou

29、t conflict and argumentB. words used in discussing those subjects carry emotional overtones which tend to antagonize peopleC. words with objective meanings mean different things to different persons, and must be used carefullyD. politics, morals, and religion cause controversies that cannot yet be s

30、ettled34. Regarding war, the author believes that in World War I, .A. our menshowedspirit and heroism, while the Germansdisplayed ruthlessnessand savageryB. although our menacted heroically, there were occasions whenthey were almost as ruthless as theGermansC. there was no difference at all between

31、the actions of our soldiers and of the German onesD. at the time of the war, most people thought that both sides had fought equally bravely, but with the passage of time they began to realize how savage the Germans had really beenText BIf Johnny can t write, one of the reasons may be a conditioning

32、based on speed rather than respect for the creative process. Speed is neither a valid test of nor a proper preparation for competence in writing. It makes for murkiness, glibness, disorganization.It takes the beauty out of the language.It rules out respect for the reflectivethought that should prece

33、de expression.It runs counter to the word-by-word and line-by-line reworking that enables a piece to be finely knit.This is not to minimize the value of genuine facility. With years of practice, a man may be able to put down words swiftly and expertly. But it is the same kind of swiftness that enabl

34、es a cellist, after having invested years of efforts, to negotiate an intricate passage from Haydn. Speed writing is for stenographers and court reporters, not for anyone who wants to use language with precision and distinction.Thomas Mann was not ashamed to admit that he would often take a full day

35、to write 500 words, and another day to edit them, out of respect for the most difficult art in the world. Flaubert would ponder a paragraph for hours. Did it say what he wanted it to say not approximately but exactly? Did the words turn into one another with proper rhythm and grace? Were they artist

36、ically and securely fitted together? Were they briskly alive, or were they full offuzz and ragged edges? Were they likely to make things happen inside the mind of the reader, igniting the imagination and touching off all sorts of new anticipations? These questions are relevant not only for the estab

37、lishednovelist but for anyone who attaches value to words as a medium of expression and communication.E. B. White, whose respect for the environment of good writing is exceeded by no word-artist of our time, would rather have his fingers cut off than to be guilty of handling words lightly. No sculpt

38、or chipping away at a granite block in order to produce a delicate curve or feature has labored more painstakingly than White in fashioning a short paragraph. Obviously, we can t expect our schools to make every Johnny into a White or a Flaubert or a Mann, but it is not unreasonable to expect more o

39、f them to provide the conditions that promote clear, careful, competent expression. Certainly the cumulative effort of the school experience should not have to be undone in later years.35. According to the passage, competence in writing is .A. an art that takes practiceB. a skill that requires dexte

40、rityC. a technique that is easy to learnD. a result of the spontaneous flow of words36. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. present an original ideaB. describe a new processC. argue against an established practiceD. comment on a skill and its techniques37. Our schools, according to the passage

41、, .A. are providing proper conditions for good writingB. should not stress writing speed on a testC. should give essay tests rather than multiple-choice testsD. teach good writing primarily through reading38. In describing White as a “ word - artist, ” the aut hor means that White .A. illustrated hi

42、s storiesB. was colorful in his descriptionsC. was a great writerD. had artistic background39. It can be inferred from the passage that the author values good literature primarily for its abilityto .A. relieve the boredom of everyday lifeB. communicate ideas and experiencesC. accurately describe eve

43、nts as they occurD. provide individuals with skills for successText CThe American university is a direct descendant from the ancient universities in Europe. These are the oldest institutions, aside from the church itself, in Western civilization. They have survived many periods of trouble, of revolu

44、tion, and of persecution. But the tradition of learning and of scholarly inquiry has lived on.Yet there are shortsighted people today who are saying that the modern university has outlived its usefulness; that it must be overthrown and replaced by something else whose nature is unspecified.Remember,

45、 however, that there have been many occasions during the last 700 years when people said that universities were irrelevant or that it was wrong for them to pursue long-term goals in the face of immediate and pressing problems. Fortunately, there have been stouthearted souls who insisted that the sea

46、rch for knowledge would never be outdated by current events and we can all be eternally thankful that the forces of ignorance were so often defeated. They must be defeated again.Knowledge and the search for knowledge have persisted through the centuries to the enormous benefit of human beings. The w

47、orld may be troubled and distressed today but think how much better off the people in this country are now than they were 50 years ago or 100 years ago and how much better off they are than the millions of people in countries which have not benefited from the progress of knowledge. Wein the Western

48、world have encouraged scientific discovery and its application intensively for 200 years to our vast materialbenefit. Today we are at a turning point. We can now use our stores of wealthand of knowledge as tools to solve the new problems which now beset our modern society.What are those of us who ha

49、ve chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about meeting our current problems?First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world troubles. Quite the contrary, science and engineering have madevast contributions to better living for

50、 more people.Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of greater service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can makemany speeches, and pass manylaws, the quality of our environment will be improved onl

51、y through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction which we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. Wehave been so eminently successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we

52、cannot attain other goals more rapidly. Wehave achieved a better life for most people but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have illuminated many sources of environmental deterioration but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our rising expectations

53、rather than our failures which now cause our distress.Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than by science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, c

54、lean water, better transportation, better housing, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer foods, conservationof resources, and many other areas.The discovery and use of knowledge have always been relevant to a humane future. They are equally relevant today.40. The author is prima

55、rily concerned with the .A. answers to current problemsB. defense of the search for scientific knowledgeC. problems of our nation s universitiesD. moral obligations of technology41. According to the author, a belief exists that much of our national dissatisfaction is due to the .A. emphasis of scien

56、ce on material goalsB. irrelevancy of many of our modern universitiesC. failures of scientists to solve modern day problems as quickly as theysolved problems of the pastD. improper use of past discoveries in science and technology42. It is the feeling of the author that the place of science in solvi

57、ng the problem of pollution will be .A. on the same level as social and political influencesB. the only thing needed to solve the problem successfullyC. the frontrunner in developing new methods of approaching the problemD. overshadowed by other areas of knowledge43. It is suggested that science has

58、 been most successful in .A. developing material benefitsB. solving problems of worldwide concernC. preparing America for a humane futureD. controlling technology as a means of preventing serious problems44. It is stated that science contributed to all of the following EXCEPT .A. a better lifeB. peaceC. healthD. a better environmentText DSuppose you