托福写作话题词汇表

1、教育学校教育schooling家庭教育upbringing; parenting课程大纲curriculum教学大纲syllabus必修课required/compulsory courses,选修课elective/optional courses课外活动extra-curricular activities社团活动club activities志愿者服务volunteer service社区工作community work实习 internship学生会 student union男生 /女生联谊会fraternity & sorority校园生活school/campus life学校是

2、社会的缩影a school is society in miniature文科 liberal arts/ liberal studies理科 sciences工科 engineering人文学科humanities社会学科social science艺术arts学科 subject/discipline基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences小学教育primary-level education; elementary education中学教育secondary-level education大学教育tertiary-level education; h

3、igher education职业教育vocational education/training接受教育enter/get access to schools/ education学位 degree (bachelor, master, doctor/PhD)文凭 diploma,证书 certificate青少年 teenagers/adolescents/the young generation/the youths 学生 students (fresh man, sophomore, junior, senior) 上课 attend classes逃课 skip class, be a

4、bsent from class老师 /学生为中心的课堂 teacher-centered/ student-centered/ classroom 有能力的 /有资格的 /有经验的 /良好培训的老师 competent/qualified/experienced/well-trained teachers无能力的 /不够格的 /欠经验的老师 incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trained teacherswell-equipped/ well-appointed/ well-decorated classrooms 设施良好的 /装

5、修良好的教室先进的教学设施 up-to-date teaching facilities保持身心健康适应逆境的能力在理解的基础上学习塑造某人的性格培养责任感按时完成作业promote studentslaboratory, library,multimediaresources (computer,projector,speaker, microphone,database,printer, photocopier)传授理论知识 impart /inculcate theoretical knowledge 教授职业技能 instruct professional/practical skil

6、ls灌输高尚的道德观instill/advocate high moral values and principles激励学生追求梦想 give students the motivation to pursue their dreams motivate students to fulfill their life goals唤起学生对文理知识的好奇心 arouse students curiosity aboutarts and science 激发学生的创新思维 inspire/stimulate students innovative thoughts鼓励学生批判 / 辩证 /独立思维

7、encourage students to think critically/dialectically/independently告诉学生各学科间的联系inform students of the correlation between different disciplines塑造学生的人生目标和价值观念 shape studentslife goals and philosophy 促进学生身体 / 心理 /智力 /情感的发展physical/mental/intellectual/emotional development maintain physical/psychological

8、 health/soundness adapt to adversity/adverse circumstanceslearn things through understanding mould/build one s charactercultivate a sense of responsibilitycomplete/accomplish assignment(presentation/report/essay/paper/thesis/dissertation) on time 填鸭式教学 force-feed/spoon-feed the knowledge to the stud

9、ents死记硬背 learn things by rote, spit back predigested ideas, cram for exams 机械记忆概念、方程式、公式、定理和定律mechanically memorize concepts, equations, formulas,theorems andlaws 盲从 的指令 follow someone s order blindly/indiscriminately (advs)限制创造力的发展extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity打击学生的学生积极性激起不必要的同辈压力dampen/sap

10、 students enthusiasm for learningfrustrate the studentsbeget/intensify undue peer pressure基于智力差异 / 学业成绩 /社会背景对学生进行分离教育segregate students on basis of their intellectual disparity/academic performance/social background评价老师的教学appraise/evaluate/assess teachersperformance从学生中获得建设性反馈/建议 gain constructive

11、feedbacks/suggestions from students使学生对教学过程有更大的发言权 give students a greater say in the teaching-learning process 对授课进行监督 provide an oversight over lectures改善教学方法improve teaching methodology/pedagogical methodology减少教职员工的懈怠态度minimize slack attitude among teaching faculty损害老师在课堂中的权威性impair the authorit

12、y of teachers in the classroom对课程 /老师持有偏见/不负责的评论hold biased opinions/ irresponsible comments on a course/teacher导致学生不守纪律 /行为不端 breed indiscipline/misbehaviors among students 小组学习有助于学生们了解团队工作的重要性和提高他们的社会技能。Studying in a group helps students to understandthe importance of team-work and improve theirso

13、cial skills.学生们在合作学习中获得不同的观点和经验。Students gain/obtain a variety of perceptions and experience in cooperative learning.休闲 /生活业余时间free time/leisure time/ spare time娱乐entertainment/recreation/amusement保持健康keep fit/healthy/in shape保持身体柔韧性keep the body soft and supple强壮体魄build one s muscle提升免疫功能enhance im

14、mune function消耗多余脂肪 / 热量 burn off extra fat/calories防止人们变胖prevent people from getting overweight预防重大疾病guard against fatal diseases改善血液循环improve blood circulation增强耐力build up ones stamina训练自制力train self-discipline磨砺意志build one s character丰富知识enrich ones knowledge开阔视野broaden ones mind/horizon陶冶情操culti

15、vate ones minds净化心灵purify ones soul发展特长develop one s specialties增强自信和自尊boost one s confidenceand self-esteem消除忧虑free/liberate oneself from daily trouble/worldly concerns缓解压力 relieve/ease/alleviate/release oneswork pressure/mental stress 娱乐自我 amuse/entertain/recreate/ oneself劳逸结合 keep/strike/maintain

16、 a balance between work and leisure 丰富人生经历 enrich life experience欣赏自然景观 admire/appreciate/experience the scenery/landscape of Mother Nature 扩大社交圈子 widen social circle增进友谊 /人际关系strengthen friendship/interpersonal relations体验精神上的享受experience mental amusement and enjoyment获得他人的支持/安慰 /鼓励 /忠告 /建议 /建设性批评g

17、et support/comfort/encouragement/advice/ suggestion/ constructive criticism from others工作体面的卑微的/理想的 /收入好的工作decent/ideal/well-paid jobs/无价值的 /收入低的工作menial/valueless/under-paid jobs脑力 /体力劳动mental/labor work; white-collar/ blue-collar申请兼职 /临时 /实习职位 apply for part-time/temporary jobs/internships 获得全职 /永

18、久职位 get/land/secure a full-time/permanent job position 有灵活的 /紧凑的工作时间 have a flexible/ tight schedule提供晋升空间provide a good chance of promotion提供有前途的未来offer a promising future为长期职业目标奠定基础 pave the way for long-term career plan 感到归属感 feel a sense of belonging承认某人的公司的努力 /地位 recognize ones efforts/status i

19、n the company 参与决策过程 participate in decision-making process充分发挥潜能 / 才华 realize ones full potential/talents学会合作和妥协learn to cooperate and compromise自信面对激烈竞争 face the fierce/stiff competition with confidence/self-assurance 获得颇丰的收入 get fat/high/generous salary/income/remuneration 更新专业知识和技能 update ones e

20、xpertise and skills建立和谐的工作关系establish harmonious working relationship在员工 /部门间形成协同作用 create a great synergy between different employees/departments 改善人际 /交流能力 improve interpersonal/communicative skills掌握解决问题 / 管理 /学历的能力 master problem-solving/managerial/learningskills 提供稳定感和满足感 afford stability and s

21、atisfaction培养责任感develop a sense of responsibility获得个人成就 attain personal achievement/accomplishment 出人头地 make it to the top of in the society形成团队合作和相互尊重的氛围 create an atmosphere of team spirit and mutual respect 理论付诸实践 put theories into practice;utilize book knowledge in reality;apply the theories lea

22、rned in school to the resolution of practical problems.获得宝贵的工作经验obtain invaluable working experience强化个人简历 / 任职能力 strengthen ones resumes/competence, 在工作面试中占有先机 have an edge/advantage in job interviews与受欢迎的雇主建立联系build important contacts with sought-after employers,使 熟悉某一产业的最新发展 familiarize one with

23、the contemporary state of an industry 迎接挑战 Stand up to the challenge / meet the challenge 实现人生价值 realize the values of life丰富一个人的生活阅历enrich/accumulate ones social experience培养自己的独立性和坚韧性 cultivate one s independence and toughness 追求个人发展 seek for personal development展示才能和创造力display ones talent and cre

24、ativity获得自我实现感gain a sense of self-fulfillment/ achievement为机构 /社会做出贡献 make ones own contribution to an organization/ the society 确定自己的角色 define ones role无薪加班work overtime without extra pay在团队中承担太多压力 assume/shoulder excessive responsibilities in the team 赶工作任务的最后期限 meet the deadlines for work tasks

25、应对巨大工作压力 face/handle extreme pressure from work生活有特殊审美价值的老房子old building of special aesthetic value有特殊历史意义的老房子building of historic significancepower grid让城市更美观beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape破旧的（房子）rundown/shabby/ dilapidated拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze to the grou

26、nd高楼high-rise/towering buildings摩天楼skyscrapers城市化urbanization缩小城乡差距 narrow/bridge the gap between the city and the countryside 城市 city; urban area大都市metropolis; cosmopolitan city乡村the countryside; rural area繁荣发展的developed/prosperous/thriving/ booming落后贫穷的poor/ needy/underdeveloped/poverty-stricken居民

27、dweller, residents, inhabitant城市文明的舒适civilized comforts田园生活pastoral/idyllic life节奏快速的生活fast-paced life生活节奏加速the tempo/pace of living has accelerated舒缓的生活节奏slow/gentle pace of life相对高 /低的生活水平relatively poor/high living standards低廉的 /飞涨的生活成本low/skyrocketing cost of living丰富的生活物资abundant life necessiti

28、es多种多样的娱乐方式various forms of entertainment交通堵塞traffic jams/traffic congestions人口激增 Population explosion拥挤的 /人多的crowded/populous人口稀少have a small/sparse/thinly-scattered population阶级两极分化Class polarization贫穷的needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/ destitute/indigent富裕的affluent/wealthy/well-off失业unemploymen

29、t/joblessness犯罪率上升a rising crime rate社会冲突social conflict社会稳定social stability提供更多的就业机会 /职位 offer more job opportunities/openings 现代生活的过大压力 overwhelming pressure/stress of modern life情绪 /精神 /心理 /社会 /经济 emotional/mental/psychological/social/financial stress 社会福利 social welfare基础设施infrastructure/public

30、facilities/ utilities便捷的交通工具 Convenient transportation means (airplane/aeroplane; car/automobile; train/ high-speed train /bullet train; bus;subway/underground/tube/metro; ship/ferry/vessel)公路 /铁路网road/railway networks公共交通public transportation电网供水系统water supply排水系统drainage system娱乐设施recreationalfaci

31、litiescafes/bars/pubs/clubs/discos/parks/squares/cinemas/theatres/museums/artgalleries/aquariums/zoos /funfairs/shopping malls/supermarkets/department stores/restaurants/hotels体育设施sportfacilitiesgyms/stadiums/fitness center公共教育体系public education system医疗服务medical service/ medical care技术电脑personal co

32、mputer,laptop, notebook, portable computers网络 the Internet, the virtual world, the cyberspace, World Wide Web 搜索引擎 search engine信息和资源的分享传播 the sharing and spreading of information and resources 网上学习 online learning; Internet-based learning; online courses电子书籍 /期刊e-books/online journals网络社交online cha

33、tting/socializing社交网站social network websites网络时讯 /天气预报online newsletter/weather broadcast网络购物online shopping/purchasing/ buying and selling网络视频和音频节目online video and audio program网络会议online video and audio meeting; teleconference网络犯罪cyber crime网络色情Internet porn网络诈骗Internet fraud电子商务 E-commerce, E-bus

34、iness生物技术biotechnology医学技术medical technology远程通讯telecommunications尖端的技术cutting-edge/ up-to-date/ state-of-the-art/advanced technology信息爆炸information explosion/ an overload of information信息时代the information age/era互联网被广泛的应用the proliferation of the Internet科技创新与发展 technological innovations/inventions/

35、advances/progress 接入网络 get access to the Internet打破时空界限break the limits of space and time打破国与国之间的文化、宗教、意识形态的障碍break the cultural/religious/ideological barriers of different nations 节省时间、节省体力 (能源 ) time-saving, energy-saving耗费时间、耗费体力 (能源 ) energy-consuming, energy-consuming 浪费时间、浪费精力 time-wasting, en

36、ergy-wasting为 牺牲个人时间sacrifice private time for 高效利用make the best use of; take full advantage of ; utilize efficiently提高效率augment/enhance/boost efficiency提高生产效率augment/enhance/boots productivity减少人力的机器labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery自动化automation(n)/ automatic (adj)彻底变革transform

37、/revolutionize/fundamentally change sth.以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance/progress at an unprecedented rate突发猛进地发展sth is advancing by leaps and bounds产生深远的影响create/ profound/far-reaching/pervasive influence/impact/effect促进文化交流promote cultural exchange增强国际交流和合作strengthen international communication and cooperati

38、on电脑的使用有助于老师和学生扩宽他们的知识面。The use of computers can help teachers and students broaden their horizons.掌握电脑的使用为学生未来的职业发展奠定坚实的基础。The mastery of computer techniqueslays a solid foundation for studentscareer development inthe future.一些学生过分沉迷于网络会严重影响学习。Some of students are obsessed with the Internet, which

39、will negatively affect their study.过度使用电脑会应影响身体健康。Excessive use of computer poses a serious threat to health of students.人们可以通过电脑和因特网在家办公。People can telecommute through the Internet and computers.人们需要不断接受职业培训以便赶上新科技的快速发展。People have to continue vocationaltraining to keep pace with the fast developme

40、nt of technology 电脑和办公自动化使得人们更有效地工作。Computerization and office automation enable people to work more quickly and effectively.降低日常开支 / 租金 /文具及设备开支reduce overheads/rent/expenses on office stationery and equipments 汽车、飞机和铁路的普及大大减少了人们在路途上奔波的时间。The popularity of automobiles, airplanesand railwaysgreatlyr

41、educe people s commutinge.tim媒体新闻界the press/journalism大众媒体mass media平面媒体the print media新闻的机构无处不在news outletsprevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive各种各样激动人心的节目various thrilling programs如实的报道factual accounts可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable客观公正的objective and balanced及时的up-to-the-minute/up-to-date信息量大的informat

42、ive娱乐性强的entertaining教育性的educational/instructive制造交流话题create topics of discussion加强家庭关系 strengthen the family ties/ the emotional bond of family members 唤起社会的良知或者责任感 awaken the conscience of society传播知识与科学 spread/diffuse/disseminate knowledge and science 明辨是非 distinguish/differentiate right from wron

43、g揭露事实和真理reveal/disclose truths and facts低质量节目poor-quality programs收视率audience ratings追求最大限度利润pursue maximum profit狗仔队paparazzi (复数 )名人celebrities/ (TV/sports/ political )personalities侵犯隐私 /私生活violate/intrude on/infringe on someone s privacy/private life破坏某人的名誉ruin/damage/smear ones reputation/presti

44、ge满足心理需要 satisfy peoples psychological needs丑闻scandals绯闻gossips充斥着 be flooded with/ be saturated with/ be inundated with过多的暴力与色情内容excessive violent and pornographic contents媒体炒作media hype夸大事实 exaggerate /overstate /blow things out of all proportions不公正的报道biased coverage有误导性的misleading/misrepresented

45、/distorted诈骗性的fraudulent虚假的false/bogus使丧失了想象力和创造力 deprive somebody of one s imagination and creativity 不能区别假象和现实 fail to tell the difference between illusion and reality 盲目追求时尚 follow the fashion blindly疏远家人和朋友 alienate oneself from the family and friends 与现实隔绝 be detached from reality模仿暴力 /反社会行为imi

46、tate violent/anti-socialbehaviors激发少年犯罪trigger juvenile crimes审查censor(vt)/ censorship (n)监督scrutinize/monitor/oversee道德 /行为准则code of ethics/code of conduct国家 /地区文化特性cultural identity of a nation/region全球文化同一化过程global cultural homogenization文化同一性cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity地球村the global

47、village环境生态系统ecosystem/ecological system生物多样性biodiversity打破生态平衡 disturb ecological balance/ecological equilibrium 保持生态平衡 keep/maintain ecological balance 形成恶性循环 form a vicious circle某一地区的动植物 animals and plants/ flora and fauna/ the wildlife in a region 濒危动物 Endangered animals自然栖息地natural habitat野生保护

48、区wildlife reserve可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者environmentalist/conservationists环境友好的environmentally-friendly生态友好的eco-friendly肥沃的土壤fertile soil贫瘠的土壤infertile soil耕地arable land/farmland增加农产品产量boost crop yield开采自然资源exploit natural resources消耗consume/deplete/ use up节约 save/ conserve/ economize on保护p

49、reserve/protect/safeguard再利用reuse/recycle用尽use up/exhaust污染pollute/contaminate/dirty污水effluent/sewage排放discharge/release废物处理 waste disposal有毒物质化学材料poisonous/toxic/hazardous substances/ chemicals农业 /工业 /家庭废物 agricultural/ industrial/ household waste; 车辆尾气 vehicle exhaust emission/fumes/gas 化石燃料 fossi

50、l fuels(coal, crude oil, petroleum, gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas)环保型 /可再生能源Environmental-friendly/renewable energies(solar energy, wind power, tidal power, hydro energy, electric power, nuclear energy, biofuel, biogas)灾害 Disasters and catastrophes:(flood, drought, mudslide, sandstorm, acid rain

51、, oil spill, nuclear leak, air pollution,greenhouse effect, global warming, unstable climate, desertification, land degradation, soil erosion, water contamination, species extinction)各国携手 countries must join forces/makes a concerted effort/unite as one 解决环境问题 combat/tackle/resolve/address environmen

52、tal problems严厉的措施harsh action/measures增强公众的意识raise the public awareness of sth提倡低碳生活advocate a low-carbon lifeMan dirties the air with poisonous gas and smoke,poisons the water with chemicals and othersubstances, and damages the soil with too manyfertilizers and pesticides.People showan appallingdis

53、regardfortheenvironment.Theythrowawayhouseholdwastesor takeaways packaging in public places. They operate motorvehicles that fill the air withdisturbing noise and hazardous gases. They hunt and killanimals for profitto the point ofextinction.Untreated sewage was poured into rivers and seas. Acid rai

54、n was caused by the poisonous gasesreleased from industries and automobiles. Marine life is threatened by oil spills or toxic wastes ofwhich factories dispose.Scientists believe that if humans do not take measures to control the emissionof greenhousegases, the temperature of the earth will continue