2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第7讲错综复杂的时态与语态的高频考点与解题方法

1、 第 7 讲 错综复杂的时态与语态的高频考点与解题方法 【备考指导】动词的时态与语态是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空和 书面表达的形式进行考查。 解决时态类题目通常使用的方法有： 看是否是考查固定句型的固 定时态，是否可以运用句子中的时间状语来判断， 是否可以通过上下语境和时态呼应来找突 破口。解决语态类题目一般从固定搭配或习惯表达来解决， 但是高考中一般是把时态和语态 结合在一起进行综合考查的。 要掌握相关知识通常是先利用思维导图形成总体构架， 然后通 过创建语境来加深记忆。 一、高频考点知识 1 运用常见的固定句型解决时态问题 在一些固定句型中，对谓语动词的时态有特别的规

2、定， 我们可以把这作为判断时态的一个依 据。如下面的常见句型： (1) This/lt/That is the first/seco nd/last.time (that) .如主句中动词用 is，则 that 从句中动词用现在完成时；如主句中动词用 was，则 that 从句中动词用过去完成时。 This is the first time I have visited China. 这是我第一次参观中国。 It was the first time I d had visitors since I d moved to London. 那是我搬到伦敦以后第一次有人来看我。 (2) 主句+

3、since +从句。在该句型中，主句常用现在完成时，(若主句主语是 it 或表示时间 的词时，还可用一般现在时 )，since 从句常用一般过去时(偶尔会出现用现在完成时的情 况)。 Cathy hasn t phoned since she went to Berlin. Cathy 自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。 It is three years since I jo ined the army. 我参军 3 年了。 (3) It is (high) time that. 在 that 从句中常用一般过去时或 should do 。 It s time that we went to s

4、chool. 2 到我们上学的时间了。 It + be.before. 这种结构意为“要时间才”或“在时间以后 才”。若 be 动词用一般过去时，贝 U before 从句中常用一般过去时；若 be 动词用将来 时，贝 U before 从句中常用一般现在时。 It will be a long time before we meet again. 要过很久我们才能重逢。 It was half a year before I heard from him. 半年之后我才收到他的信。 (5) hardly/scarcely.when. ; no sooner.than. 在这两个句型中， wh

5、en从句禾口 than 从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。意为“一就”。 No sooner had I left tha n he came. 他一来我就离开了。 (6) was/were about to do.when. 在 when从句中常用一般过去时。 1 was about to leave whe n he came. 我正要离开这时他来了。 2 借助微语境中的信息词判断时态与语态 (1)找到信息词 if , unless , however 后然后通过语境判断它们引导的时间 (条件、让步)状 语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 However much advice you

6、 give(give)him , he will do exactly what he wants. I won t go either , if he doesnt go(not go) 安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)限于 begin , come, leave , go, arrive 等一类动词， 通常用一般现在时。 I arrive(arrive)in Beijing at 3 : 00 p . m.tomorrow. (3) 信息词 every day , often , sometimes 等时间状语说明应该用一般时，然后再根据语境 判断是用一般现在时还是一般过去时。 I us

7、ed(use)to play football whe n I was young. 3 (4) 如果语境表示的是事物的固有属性或必然趋势或者表示临时决定做某事， 那么就用 will do,而不用 be going to 。 The lights in the classroom are still on. Sorry , I will go(go)and turn them off. (5) 如果语境表示的是即将发生的或最近打算进行的事或者是强调根据现在的迹象，对未来 进行推测，那么这种情况下就用 be going to 来表示将来。 Look at the clouds .It is_go

8、ing_to. rai n(rain) _ I am going _to_see(see) him tomorrow , which is my long wish. 如果语境表示的是即将发生的动作， 意为“正要；很快，马上”，这种情况通常用 be about to do。这种情况后面一般不跟具体的时间状语，但是可以由 when连接一个并列句。 We were_about_to_leave(leave) whe n an un expected visitor came to see us. (7) 如果语境表示的是可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止或表示事先商定、安排或准备要做 的事情，这种情况

9、下用 be to do 表示将来。 It is said that she is to get married n ext mon th. (8) 用现在进行时表示将来。 如果谓语动词是表示位置转移的动词 (go , come, leave，start ， arrive 等)，这时通常用现在进行时表示将来。此时，谓语动词就是关键的信息词。 I have bee n told that he is_leaving(leave) for London n ext week. (9) 如果语境表示的是说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩，且有信息词 always， constantly ， c

10、ontinually 等时，就可以判断该句应该用现在进行时。 She is_always asking(ask)the same question. (10) 如果语境表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态， 或者还要延续下 去，同时伴有信息词 since ，for，yet，already ， ever，never，before 等，这时句子就用 现在完成时。 Great cha nges have taken(take)place in China since 1980. Have you ever visited(visit) that famous place of int

11、erest before? 如果强调的是动作一直在持续下去， 或者是一直在断断续续地进行着， 或者是表达强烈的感 4 情色彩，这时句子用现在完成进行时。 Over the past decades ， sea ice in the Arctic has_been decreasing(decrease) as a result of global warm ing. Tom has bee n. work in g(work) in the library every ni ght these days. Too much has been happening(happy) today. (1

12、1) 如果语境表示的是在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态以及过去某个阶段正 在做的事情，那么该句谓语就用过去进行时。 He was readi ng( read)a n in teresti ng book this time yesterday. (12) 如果语境表示的是在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或存在的状态， 或者从过去某个时 刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，这时谓语通常用过去完成时。 My teacher had_taught(teach)i n that school for ten years before she came here. (13) 女口果语境中的

13、谓语动词是 hope, want, expect , think , suppose , plan , mean intend 等而且强调的是未曾实现的愿望或打算， 即“本来希望或打算做某事 (但却没做)”，这种情 况下，谓语动词用过去完成时或者谓语动词用一般过去时而后面跟不定式的完成时。 I had_planned(plan)to send him a Christmas card ，but I forgot to do so. I planned(plan) to have sent him a Christmas card ， but I forgot to do so. (14) 含有

14、双宾语的句子如何变被动语态 主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语， 另一个保留不变。变为主语 的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词 to 或 for。 The pianist gave the pupils( 间接宾语)some advice ( 直接宾语). TThe pupils were_ given_ some_ advice_ b _the pianist . T Some advice was _given_ to_the_pupils_by 辿 e _piani _ . (15) 什么情况下用主动表被动 动词 sell , write , read 等

15、与 well , smoothly , easily 等连用时，说明主语内在的“性 能”、“特点”，用主动表示被动。 表示状态特征的连系动词如 smell , taste , feel , sou nd , look , prove 等无被动语态， 5 用主动形式表示被动意义。 不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态： come up, run out , give out 等。 以被动的形式表主动意义：有些动词 devote , surprise , seat , hide , station , dress 等，由于能接反身代词，因此，可用被动形式表主动意义。 二、解决时态、语态的 3 种

16、方法 方法 1 利用试题中提供的时间状语确定时态 时态往往和一些特定的时间状语连用。如： every. , sometimes , at. , on Sunday 等常 和一般现在时连用；.ago , the other day , in 2006 , last week , just now 等常和一般 过去时连用； now, at present , at this time 等常和现在进行时连用； tomorrow , next week, in +时间段等常和一般将来时连用； by the end of last week , before I we nt there 等 常标志着用过

17、去完成时。 同时要注意，像副词 always , forever , constantly 等常与进行时 连用，表示说话者的赞扬、批评、生气等语气。 【典例展示 1】 The sun was sett ing whe n my car _ (break) dow n n ear a remote village. 答案 broke 解析 该空是 when引导的时间状语从句主语 my car 的谓语。从句中没有时间状语或时间 状语从句， 但主句的谓语动词 was sett ing 用了过去进行时， 同时此句也是一个特殊的句 型：.was/were doing. when. did. 此句型中的

18、when 意为 at that time, 因此可 判断此谓语应用一般过去时。此外， 主语 my car 与谓语之间的关系是主动关系， 同时主 语也是单数。综合考虑可得此题答案为 broke。 【典例展示 2 In the last few years thousands of films _ （produce） all over the world. 答案 have bee n produced 解析 时间状语 in the last few years 通常要与现在完成时连用。 方法 2 利用上下文语境推测时态 很多试题中没有时间状语， 但是我们可以从试题所提供的语言环境或上下文来推测出动

19、作发 生的时间或从双方的交谈中“捕捉”到时间点， 这就要求学生要有宏观把握句子和分析句子 的能力。 6 【典例展示 1 （2016 全国卷 I ）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not for profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _ （allow） to get up close to these cute ani mals at the 600 acre cen tre. 答案 was allowed 解析 分析句子结构可

20、知，该空所在的句中没有谓语动词， 故空处应填谓语动词。 前句的谓 语动词是 was，根据时态一致的原则，后句的时态也应用一般过去时， I与 allow 之间为动 宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为 was allowed 。 【典例展示 2 （2016 全国卷 I ）lt is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. _ 答案 had have 解析 由前面的句子可知， 这里吃饭时总是涌满了顾客， 用的是一般现在时， 根据时态的一 致性，后面的句子也应用现在时。

21、故 had 改为 have。 方法 3 利用时态的呼应来把握时态 若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态常用与过去相关的时态 （表客观事实、科学真理的从 句总用一般现在时）；若主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态不受主句的限制，可根据 需要选用时态。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句往往用一般 现在时表将来，或主句为过去时，则从句也用相对应的过去时。 He said that he had helped Tom. 他说他已经帮过汤姆了。 I think he is ill today. 我认为他今天病了。 You will fail the test if you don t

22、 work hard. 如果你学习不努力，你考试会不及格。 【典例展示 1 I ll go to the library as soon as I fin ish what I _ _ (do). 答案 am doing 解析 句意：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。 由于“去图书馆”用的是一般将来时， 说明 要完成的工作是“现在”正在做的事情， 故用现在进行时。 【典例展示 2 Barbara is easy to recognize as she s the only one of the women who (wear) 7 evening dress. 答案 wears 解析 根据句意，

23、此处谈的是一般情况， 要用一般现在时； 由于 one of the women 前有 only 修饰， 说明其后的定语从句是修饰 one 的，而不是修饰 women的,所以定语从句中 的谓语动词要用单数； 故填 wears。 跟踪训练 【考点突破】 I. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. _ It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (attend) since I came to this school. 2. This is the first time we _ (see) a film in the cinema together as a f

24、amily. 3. What _ you_ (do) all the time? 4. When shall we restart our bus in ess? Not un til we _ (fini sh) our pla n. 5. I want to buy that jacket because I _ (tell) the cloth _ (wash) well. 6. They _ (expect) to see the film but couldn t get tickets. 7. _ The meet ing (begi n) at 2 _ : 00 in the a

25、fter noon and _ (end) at 5 : 00. 8. The mome nt _ (come) soon,” he thought to himself , wait ing n ervously. 9. In a room above the store , where a party _ (hold) , some workers were busily sett ing the table. 10. The preside nt hopes that the people will be better off whe n he quits tha n whe n he

26、_ (start) . 11. Shortly after we_ (seat) , a waiter came over to our table with a smile. 12. By the time you have finished this book , 8 your meal (get) cold. 13. _ I (sleep) whe n the teleph one rang aga in. 14. _ It was the third time that I (interrupt) that night. 15. Have you seen the movie 2 01

27、2? It s quite thrilling. No, I _ (intend) to buy a ticket , but it _ (rain) cats and dogs. 16. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ (promise) before leavi ng their hometow ns. n.单句改错 1. I never visited the Great Hall of People. _ 2. He has joined the leag

28、ue for two years. _ 3. The train left before I arrived. _ 4. They asked him to be captain, but he refuses._ 5. I shall speak to him as soon as he came. _ 6. His father has dead for forty years. _ 7 . He had invited to visit the United States before he finished his great novel. _ 8. We have to take m

29、easures to prevent the disease from being spread. _ 9. Be quick, we must get there before the sun is set. _ 10. No letters have received from their son since last month. _ 【能力提升丨 I阅读理解 What are buskers ？ They are street performers.They perform circus acts like acrobatics or juggling ，or singing and

30、dancing ，and they are always very clever and very funny.They get paid at the end of their show when the audience throws money in the hat.If the audience doesn t like the show ， the performer gets very little money. Buskers like a big crowd to watch their show ，so they call out to people passing by.T

31、he more people who watch ， the more money the buskers get.Buskers love involving the audience.They talk to the audience all the time and make jokes.Then they choose someone from the 9 audience to help them.That person has to do something silly or embarrassing ；everyone laughs and feels glad that the

32、 busker didn t choose them. Christchurch has a 10-day Buskers Festival every year at the end of January.This year there are about 50 individual performers or groups and about half of those are from New Zealand.Buskers from around the world enjoy performing in this festival so much that many of them

33、come back the following year.Christchurch people and tourists enjoy the performances so much that they also come every year. This festival started on Thursday night last week and continues until next Sunday 29th January.Each day performances start at about 11 am.with six different shows during the d

34、ay in six different locations ，then evening shows begin.Early evening shows are outdoors in the Arts Center and later evening shows are indoors at other places. Children s shows are in the Botanic Gardens during the day only.Evening shows are adults only. 1In order to be successful ，a busker needs t

35、o _ Abe friendly and polite Bbe strangely dressed C make clever jokes D know more about the audience 2 Whether buskers can make money depends on _ Athe number of performances they give Bthe person they choose from the audience C. the audienee s involvement in the performances D. the audienee s attit

36、ude towards their pe rformances 3. A person chosen from the audienee by a busker will _ A. help entertain other people B. help the busker collect money C. persuade others to drop money D. make others feel silly 4. What can we infer from the third paragraph? A. Buskers Festiv al can help promote tour

37、ism. B. Christchurch hosts the Iongest Buskers Festival in the world. 10 C. Buskers Festival in Christchurch is mainly enjoyed by local people. D. Tourists come to Christchurch mainly to learn some skills on Buskers Festival. n.完形填空 I sat in the chair reflecting on the past year.At that time , my _1

38、_ Charley came into the room.Charley took one look at myface and she could _2_ I was off in another world.Charley said ，“You have that _ 3_ on your face ! Tell me what you were 4 ”. Well, Charley，” I replied ，“ I was listening to a song on the radio that asked _5_ you have done over the last year.Wh

39、en I _6_ on the year , I ve realized I have had such good fortune , with a few bumps（ 碰撞）along the way. ” Charley immediately asked，“ Tell me about the three things that _7_ you the most duri ng this year. ” I sat thinking if I had to _8_ only three things that influeneed me , what would they be? Af

40、ter a few minu tes , I said，“ OK here are the three things that in flue need methe most: Myfamily.Throughout the year I had many_9_, but my family were always there _10_ support and en courageme nt.My frien ds.Over the years I have _11_ my _ dreams and my goals with my friends.Some goals I have 12 a

41、nd other goals I have not._13_ friends like you always supported and _14_ me.My colleagues .I have worked with some _15_ people over the last year.I have bee n very _16_ to have _ the opport unity to work with these excelle nt people over the last year. ” Charley smiled and said，“ Do you realize tha

42、t everything you have said has one thing11 in 17 ?” What are you saying , Charley ?” I asked. She replied ，“ One commonthing is _18_. Neither the material things in your life , nor your job has had the most mea ning in your life .It is the people in your life that have made the biggest _19_ in your

43、life ,and while our jobs provide the means of existe nee for us, the important 1. A.sister B .elassmate C. mother D . frie nd 2. A.argue B . suggest C. tell D .won der 3. A.look B . appeara nee C. mark D .mask 4. A.doi ng B . th in ki ng C. liste ning D .annoying 5. A.where B . that C. what D .why 6

44、. A.eall B talk C. in sist D refleet 7. A.i nflue need B . dema nded C. entertained D . motivated & A.write B . piek C. get D . own 9. A.pla ns B . experie nces C. ehalle nges D .aehieveme nts 10 .A.reeeiving B . expect ing C. wi nning D . offeri ng 11 .A.shared B .provided C conn eeted D .compa

45、red I smiled.Material things are not _20 12. A.set B . realized things in life are the people who touched our lives. 12 C failed D scored 13 A.But B Meanwhile C Otherwise D Unless 14 A.accepted B satisfied C replaced D encouraged 15 A.stupid B brave C amazing D ordinary 16 A.fortunate B miserable C

46、unhappy D surprised 17 A.character B store C common D nature me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question. When Dad first quit drinking, the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that, in the past, 2. _ (start) him drinkin

47、g again. For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3._ (begin) again. “ I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day ，” was Dads reply to my 18 year old unasked question. And then he 4. _ (share) the poem with me. About a month afte

48、r this talk with my father, when I 5. _ (have) a rest, I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine. It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year. It 6. _ (be) my experience that when you 7. _ (get) something with days of the year on it, you 8. _ (t

49、urn) to the page that lists your own birthday. I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me. There, on my birthday, was the exact same poem that 9. _ (help) my father for all these years! It 10. _ (call) the Serenity Prayer.18 A.effort B C moti

50、vation D 19 A.choice B C problem D 20 A.useful B C practical D 川.语法填空 spirit people difference progress important unnecessary How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years? It 1. _ (take) 13 第 7 讲 错综复杂的时态与语态的高频考点与解题方法 考点突破 I. I.have attended 2.have seen 3.have ； been doing 4have finis

51、hed 5.was told ； washed 6.had expected 7.begins ； ends 8.is coming 9.was to be held 10started 11.were seated 12.will get 13.was sleeping 14.had been interrupted 15.had intended ； rained 16.have been promised n. 1.never 前加 have 2.joined been 3.left 前加 had 4. refuses refused 5.camecome 6.has 后力口 been

52、7.had 后力口 been 8.去掉 being 9. 去掉 is 10.have 后加 been 能力提升 1. 1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句中的“ .and they are always very clever and very funny. ”和第二段第四句“ They talk to the audience all the time and make jokes. ”可知，为了获得成功，街头艺人需要开一些聪明的玩笑。 2. D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，观众是否喜欢街头艺人的表演，是他们能 否挣到钱的关键。 3. A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，被选中的观众要做出一些滑稽的事情，来 帮着街