外研版高中英语必修一U5讲义

1、Unit5Section I重点词汇Point 1 , 2 measure;position教材 P50 It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.它用眼睛来测量太阳的方位。 1.measure用法详解(1)(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为。此时不用于进行时和被动语态，表示此意义的短语做后 置定语和状语时，要用现在分词形式。Do you know the history of that bridge measuring as long as 200 metres?(2)vt.量，测量Please stand still. I will

2、 measure your height.(3)n.措施，方法；计量标准。常见搭配：| take measures to do sth采取措施做某事to ones own measure按照某人自己的尺寸The tailor made a suit to his own measure.裁缝按照他自己的尺寸做了一套西服。语法填空(1)(2020 福建南平期末) Sandstorms are another(punish) nature gives to mankind. We should not only take effective measures(stop) them, but als

3、o draw some lessons from them.(2)The tree over there is so tall that I suppose it nearly twenty meters.(3)I can make an evening dress my own measure.(4)Mark lives in a big pleasant room approximately 5 meters wide by 6 meters long.2.position用法详解(1)n.位置I can tell the time from the position of the sun

4、.我可以从太阳的位置知道时刻。position做先行词表示 状态，位置”时，若定语从句缺状语，应用 where引导定语从句。We have reached a position where a change is needed我们至 U了 必须做出改变的地步。(2)vt.安置；定位They position the task by means of radar.他用雷达定位任务。归纳拓展当先行词为 system,case,point,position,situation,stage,condition,industry , activity, job, race, scene, circums

5、tance, family等且关系词在从句中做地点状语时，常用 where引导定语从句，表示抽 象地点当先行词为occasion等表示时间且关系词在定语从句中做时间状语时，用 when引导。语法填空You reach a point medicine cant help.2.完成句子(1)你能想象你没有朋友的状态吗？Can you imagine such?(2)市场调查有助于公司给自己的产品定位。Market research can help a company.Point 3 determine教材 P50 These two pieces of information-the time

6、 of day and the point where the sun is in the sky-allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. 这两条信息 一天中的时刻和太阳在空中 的方位一一让黑脉金斑蝶决定它的路线。用法详解vt.测定，确定，查明，准确算出；决定；安排We set out to determine what happened that night.我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。(2)v.决心(做某事)，决定。常见搭配：d determine to do sth.(表示动作)决心做某事，决定做某事L determine on

7、 sth.决心 /决定Greatly encouraged by what the teacher said, the boy retumed to his seat, determined to study harder老师的话使男孩深受鼓舞，他回到座位上，决心更加努力地学习。They determined on an early start.他们决定早点儿出发。归纳拓展相关词语积累:.- -,be detcmiTied lo do sfh (表示状 辿小，iM刘强地，有决心地3决心做某条法早做某事语法填空(1)(2018 d匕京卷改编) (determine)to be myself, m

8、ove forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签),I can now call myself a marathon winner.(2)Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the to push further and keep ongoing.(3)(2020 广东惠州调研)He patted(轻拍)me on the shoulder, with a( determine )look , saying that I had the capability( 能力)to succeed

9、.(4)(2020 四川成都校级月考)He did the experiment day and night, determined(find)out an effective( 有效的) way to treat the disease.Point 4 amazing教材 P51 The solution to the mystery of the monarchs amazing ability comes a time when it is inserious trouble.黑脉金斑蝶遭遇严重困境时它惊人的能力的奥秘才得以解开。用法详解amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的。在句中可

10、做表语、定语或补语，用来说明主语或所修饰词的特征。It was amazing that she could be so calm in such a situation. 在这种情况下她还能如此镇静， 真让人感到惊讶。归纳拓展(1)相关词语积累:amazed吨惊奇的产9nl酒at/by/th献对感到惊讶Lbe amaz4xl to do吕小_惊讶地做某事 amaze vt.使惊奇q iunazing adj.惊人的，了不起的ama雕merit n. f to ones amazement令某人感到惊讶的是I惊奇，惊诧n amazement惊讶地(2)amazing是由动词aniazc转化而来

11、的形容词，常见的由动词转化成形容词的词还有二rdelight此使高兴* delighting adj.令人高兴的 delighted岫.高兴的,excite也使兴奋 exciting adj.令人兴奋的 excited岫.兴奋的 ,surprise v. 使惊奇 surprising 岫,令人吃惊的 surprisedg-惊奇的 ,worry u.使担心 J worrying adj.令人担心的 worried adj.担心的 disappoint v.使失望 disappointing时,令人失望的 idiumppninted 心.失里的 F intrreei也使感兴趣 integratin

12、g at机有趣的. itih Ji htvd(加感界趣的r sill itify，h使满意“t曲in吕哂,令人满意的 ，电fiM哂、Hf意的1 .用amaze的适当形式填空The look on her face showed that she was to see what had happened.(2)(2020 湖北武汉期中)Much to my(amaze), he was able to recite the whole poemfrom memory.(3)The foreigners are by the achievements that the Chinese have m

13、adein the development of economy.(4)(2020 河北石家庄期中)It was only after we had watched Amazing China that we realized what achievements China has made in the past five years.(5)(2020 天津静海区调研)The expression on her face suggested she was when sheheard the news.2 .结合amaze的用法完成句子(1)(使我们感至U惊讶的是),there was no

14、 one in the school today.(2)Hearing my words, the boy looked at me( 惊讶地)(3)I 感至 U 吃惊) that Jane had won first prize.(4)(真是令人惊讶) that the headmaster is only 23years old.Point 5 crash 教材 P51 Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years.过去的几年 里，黑脉金斑蝶的数量骤减了百分之九十。用法详解vi.狂跌，暴

15、跌；（计算机等）崩溃（2）vi.&vt.碰撞，（飞机）坠毁。常见搭配：r crash into 撞上.L crash into J3）n.碰撞，（飞机的）坠毁；碰撞声；暴跌。常见搭配：a a car crash汽车撞车事故L a plane crash飞机失事There was a serious car crash here这里发生了一起严重的汽车撞车事故。 情景串记He experienced a serious car today-his car into another car and let outa loud of broken glass.今天他经历了一起严重的汽车撞车事故 他的

16、车撞上了另一辆车并发出了很大的玻璃破碎的声音。Point6 destroy教材 P51 In many of the places where the butterfly can be found,people are destroying the natural environment.在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正在破坏自然环境。 用法详解destroy v.破坏，摧毁，毁掉A number of paintings in this castle were destroyed in a fire in 2009.归纳拓展相关词语积累：destruction n.破坏，摧毁，毁灭dest

17、ructive adj.毁灭性的，弓I起破坏的辨析比较，destroy,damage 与 ruin易混词区别例句destroyv.彻底底毁灭性的破坏，还有不育逑难以修复An bomb would destroy a city.damagev./n多指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的事物，一般可以修复Smoking can severely damage your health.ruinV./n.多指出于外部原因而受到严重破 坏以至十小能修复，且这种破坏使某物 的价值或用处失去。也可以用语引申意 义，表示希望、愿望的破坏。The rainy weather lasted for a coupl

18、e of days, completely ruining our plan for a picnic.用destroy的适当形式填空（1）As a result of the of wildlife habitats（ 栖息地），many animals have no place to live.（2） The power of modern weapons is far beyond our imagination.2.选词填空：destroy,damage,ruinSeveral houses were slightly by the storm in the village.（2）O

19、ne of my friends asked me to help him with his lessons this weekend, and this myplan.（3）（2020 广东广州期中）Data shows that nearly 19,770 acres（英亩）of the Brazilian rainforests between August 2015 and July 2016.Point 7 lead to教材 P51 The research on the monarchs behaviour has however led to a greater awarene

20、ss of this creature.不管怎样，对黑脉金斑蝶（迁徙）行为的研究让人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。 用法详解1）导致，造成（后果） （相当于 cause/bring about/result in） Sating too much sugar can lead to health problems.The global warming , if not properly controlled , might lead to more natural disasters .2）通往，通向All roads lead to Rome.归纳拓展lead构成的其他短语：lead sb.t

21、o do sth.使某人做某事lead a/anlife过着的生活lead sb. to someplace 领某人至 U某地 be in the lead/take the lead 领先 lead the way 领路 语法填空Beijing exposed （使接触） too early to the foreign language, according to some experts, may lead some unfavorable outcomes.完成句子他带路把我们领到了一个美丽的村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。He and a beautiful villag

22、e, where we found the localpeople. Point 8 survive教材 P51 The more we know about this lovely creature,the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存的机会以及在很长一段时间内保持它在自然界中的地位的机会就越大。 用法详解survive v.活下来，幸存。（表示 幸存”时，不能用于被动语态。） 常见搭配

23、：survive from+时间从存留下来s survive on sth.（=live on sth.）依靠生活survive sth.幸免于,从中艰难度过Many customs have survived from earlier times.许多风俗是从早年留存下来的。The poor families survived on relief.这些贫穷家庭靠救济金生存The company managed to survive the crisis.公司设法渡过了危机 特别提醒survive用作及物动词时，本身已表示 幸存，幸免于难”，因而后面可直接加 war,flood,fire,ac

24、cident,earthquake,explosion,crisis 等表示灾难的名词，不能再力口 in 或 from 等 介词。 归纳拓展 相关词语积累:survival n. 幸存，生存，存活survivor n. 幸存者，生还者语法填空(1)Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of . Lastweek,thanks to the skills he and his friend succeeded in the severefloods and theywere the only two.(sur

25、vive)(2)(2020 湖北黄冈期末)Swifts(雨燕)are the typical sign of summer in the UK and many people believe their (arrive) marks the official start of the season.Point 9 effect教材 P52 Then use the sentences to complete thecause-effectflow charts. 然后用句子完成“因果 ”流程图用法详解(1)n.C,U 影响；结果；效力。常见搭配；have an effect on对有/产生影响

26、/作用/效果(2)v.使(某事物)发生；产生；引起Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their childrens behavior. 许多父母对自己是否有能力改变子女的行为缺乏信心。归纳拓展effect 构成的其他短语：put/o ellect 实行，实施come into effect 开始实施，开始生效take effect 生效；开始实施in effect 事实上，实际上with effect 有效地of no effect 无效的，无用的单项填空(2019 江苏卷)Fa

27、vorable policies are to encourage employees professional development.A . in effectB . in command C . in turn D . in shape语法填空(1)Scientists are convincedthe positive effect of laughterphysical andmental health.(2)Our government has taken(effect)measures to ban drunken driving.(3) His bad conduct had

28、an effect his reputation.(4) This trend, which was started by the medical community( 医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.Point 10 be related to教材P55 Think of another topic that is related to animals and hold a debate.

29、 思考一个其他与动物有关的话题展开讨论。用法详解与 有关。相当于be connected with 。 be related to 中的 to 为介词，related 前可用strongly,closely 等词修饰。Pay increases are strongly related to productivity. 工资的增加和生产效率有很大关系。(2)与有亲戚关系My mother might be related to him. 我母亲可能与他有亲戚关系。 归纳拓展相关词语积累：relate v.联系，使有联系relate.to.把 联系起来relate to sb./sth.涉及，与

30、某人/某事相关related adj.有联系的，相关的relative adj.相对的，有联系的(常与 to连用)n.亲戚relation n. 联系，关系；亲属in relation to.关于 ； 与相比语法填空(1)You dont have to get college education but the experience (relate)to the job isessential(必要的).(2) In Chinese culture, bamboo is known as one of the four gentlemenin plants. To Chinese peopl

31、e, bamboo is a symbol of strength and modesty( 谦虚 ). It is always closely (relate) to people of positive spirits.(3)If you still tend to relate Made in Chinapoor quality, you need to update yourideas. Chinas ability to produce high-quality products has been recognized by a growing number of foreigne

32、rs.句式剖析Pattern 1 教材 P51 People have been working together to record its migration and makesure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. 人们一直齐心协力记录它的迁徒，并确保它有足够的植物可食用。句式剖析have been working together 是现在完成进行时。考点提炼现在完成进行时1 .构成：have/has+been+现在分词2 .用法(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。I have b

33、een waiting for an hour, but she hasnt come yet.Tom has been working hard since the new term began.(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在这段时间内动作一再重复发生。She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.You have been telling me not to be late all the way.(3)表示动作刚刚结束，该动作一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。I have been playing ping-pong

34、all the morning, so Im sweating.Ive been painting the door, so my hands are very dirty.(4)表示某种感情色彩You have been daydreaming but never make an effort.单项填空(1) Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars. Wehere for more than two hours.A.waited B.wait C.would be waitingD.have been wai

35、ting(2)Dashan,whocrosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning语法填空(1)-Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.-He went to the library after breakfast and (write) h

36、is essay there ever since.(2)-Tony, why are your eyes red?-I(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.(3)(2020 郑州十校联考高一期中)一Nancy doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a terrible headache because she (work) too long. She should stop to have agood rest.Pattern 2 These two pieces of inf

37、ormation-the time of day and the point where the sun is inthe sky-allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.这两条信息一天中的时刻和太阳在空中的方位让黑脉金斑碟决定它的路线。Section IIPoint 1 encounter教材 P57 An Encounter with Nature 与自然的不期而遇 用法讲解(1)n.意外地遇见，与 避近，后常跟介词 withWe had an encounter with her last summer.(2)vt.意外地遇见，偶然碰

38、到，与 邂逅；遭遇，遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事)。常见搭配：encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难归纳拓展表示 “偶然碰到”的短语还有：come across, run across, run into。表示 “遇到(困难)”的短语还有：run into, meet withThe company ran into financial difficulties almost immediately. 公司几乎立刻就陷入了财务困境。语法填空I had a close encounter scientists a poisonous( 有毒的) snake

39、 in the woodsyesterday.完成句子年轻的科学家们在探险期间遇到了很多困难。The young during their exploration.Point 2 observe教材 P56One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.这份工作最棒的地方之一就是你可以在动物生存的自然环境中观察它们。 用法详解(1)vt.& vi.看到，观察。 常见搭配：广sb. doing sth.观察/看到某人正在做某事 observe+sb

40、.do sth.观察/看到某人做某事l sth.done看到某事被做(2)vt.遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝，庆贺Everyone should observe the law.每个人者8应该守法。Could you tell me how you usually observe Thanksgiving Day in your country? 判断下列句子中observe的含义(1)People should observe the traffic rules when they travel to a new place .(2)The scientist devoted most of

41、his life to observing the behavior of the chimpanzees( 黑猩猩).(3)She was observed to climb over the gate by the teacher.语法填空 When I passed by his house, I observed him( play ) in the yard.(2)The thief was observed( open ) the window and run away .(3)(2020 广东汕头期末)In the future, we can send robots equip

42、ped with advanced chips(芯片) to do(observe)for us. Points 3 variety教材 P56Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears.黄石因它各种各样的野生动物而闻名，但其中最有名的莫过于狗熊。用法详解a variety of/varieties of后接名词复数做主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式n.U多样化，变化(2)n.C(植物、语言等的)变种，变体；异体；品种。常见搭配：t the va

43、riety of 的种类I a(wide)variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.所供应的菜肴之丰盛让我叹服。A wide variety of flowers were on show in the street. 街上展出了各种各样的花。归纳拓展相关词语积累：various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的vary vi.相异；变化，变更vary from.to 从.至U.不等vary with.随变化而变化vary in.在方面相异/不同Customs vary grea

44、tly from country to country.不同的国家风俗习惯差别很大。Prices vary with the type of room you require.价格随你所要求的房间类型而有所变化。语法填空(1)(2020 天津滨海新区联考)There are(variety) things on sale, so you can choosewhatever interests you.(2)(vary) of solutions(have)been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose one to start

45、 with.(3)The price of tomatoes varies the season.完成句子(1)他由于种种原因辞职了。He resigned for.(2)近几年他各种各样的书被出版了。A variety of his books in recent years.Point4 concentrate 教材 P57 While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene,I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.我正专注于拍摄这个令人惊叹的场景时，突然感到

46、有人在注视着我。用法详解vi.&vt.专注，专心。常见搭配：c concentrate on(doing)sth.专心于(做)某事concentrateon(doing)sth.集中于(做)某事(2)vi.&vt使集中(或集合、聚集)于归纳拓展(1)相关词语积累：concentration n.集中； 专心，专注concentrated adj.全力以赴的；集中的；浓缩的(2)其他关于 专心于，全神贯注于”的表达法：focus on / upon be buried / absorbed infocus/fix/concentrate ones mind/attention onlose/bury oneself in语法填空(1)You should do more outdoor exercise, which can co