滚动轴承的公差与配合

1、第5章 滚动轴承的公差与配合Chapter 5 The tolerances and fits of antifriction bearings GB/T 4199-2003 GB/T 4199-2003 滚动轴承滚动轴承 公差公差 定义定义 Antifriction bearings tolerance definitionsGB/T 6930-2002 GB/T 6930-2002 滚动轴承滚动轴承 词汇词汇 Antifriction bearings vocabulariesGB/T 307.4-2005 GB/T 307.4-2005 滚动轴承滚动轴承 推力轴承推力轴承 公差公差 An

2、tifriction bearings thrust bearings toleranceGB/T 307.1-2003 GB/T 307.1-2003 滚动轴承滚动轴承 向心轴承向心轴承 公差公差 Antifriction bearings radial bearings tolerance滚动轴承的精度等级及应用滚动轴承的精度等级及应用The accuracy classes and applications of antifriction bearings 滚动轴承与滚动轴承与 轴和壳体孔的配合轴和壳体孔的配合The fits that antifriction bearings fit

3、 with shafts and shell holes分类分类 Classify安装形式安装形式 Installation form 滚动轴承的公差等级及应用滚动轴承的公差等级及应用 The tolerance grades and applications of antifriction bearings 滚动轴承的内、外径公差带的特点滚动轴承的内、外径公差带的特点 The characteristics of antifriction bearings inradium and external diameter tolerance zone. 滚动轴承的作用滚动轴承的作用 The fu

4、nctions of antifriction bearings 支承旋转轴支承旋转轴 Bear rotation axis 减少轴与支承部件之间的摩擦力减少轴与支承部件之间的摩擦力 Reduce the friction force between shaft and supporting component 传动支承的标准部件 Standardized components which have the functions of transferring motions and bearing.5.1 5.1 概述概述 Summary5.1 5.1 概述概述Summary 特点特点 Fea

5、tures滚动轴承是一种标准件Antifriction bearing is a kind of standard component 有内外两种互换性 There are in and out two kinds of interchangeability滚动轴承的精度要求很高 The required precisions of antifriction bearings are very high. 5.1 5.1 概述概述Summary 滚动轴承的结构滚动轴承的结构 The structures of antifriction bearings 内圈 Inner ring保持架Hold

6、er 滚动体Rolling element 外圈Outer ring5.1 概述Summary 安装形式 Installation forms 外圈与箱体上轴承座配合.内圈与旋转轴颈配合 Housing washer fits with the bearing block which is on the cabinet. Inner ring fits with the journal of the rotation axis. 通常为过渡配合 It usually to be transition fit 考虑到运动过程中轴会受热变形延伸，一端轴承应能够作轴向调节；调节好后应轴向锁紧。Con

7、sidering that shaft will be heated so becoming deformed and extended in motor process.So one end bearing should be adjustable on axial direction.After being adjusted it should be locked on axial direction. 5.1 概述Summary前置代号Prefix code基本代号Basic code后置代号Post code字母letters 字母和数字 字母和数字 letters and figur

8、es内部结构改变 Inner structure changes密封、防尘与外部形状改变 Seal, dust prevention and the change of the external shape保持架结构、材料改变 The changes of the holder structures and materials公差等级和游隙 Tolerance grades and windages 其它 Others 类宽直内型度径径代系系代号列列号代代号号 深沟球轴承 6200 d=10mm Deep groove ball bearing 62005.1 概述Summary后 置 代 号

9、 Post code 12345678内 部结构Inner structure密 封与防尘套圈变形The distortions of seals and dustproof rings保 持架及材料Holders and materials 轴 承材料Bearing materials公 差等级Tolerance grades游 隙Clearance配置 Equipments其它Others5.1 概述Summary5.2 公差等级 Tolerance gradesGB/T307.1-2005GB/T307.1-2005滚动轴承滚动轴承 向心轴承向心轴承 公差公差Antifriction b

10、earing Radial bearing ToleranceAntifriction bearing Radial bearing ToleranceGB/T307.4-2002GB/T307.4-2002滚动轴承滚动轴承 推力轴承推力轴承 公差公差Antifriction bearing Thrust bearing ToleranceAntifriction bearing Thrust bearing Tolerance基本尺寸公差基本尺寸公差 旋转精度旋转精度Basic size tolerance Rotational accuracy 公差等级公差等级 Tolerance gra

11、desl轴承内外圈的径向跳动公差径向跳动公差 The radical run-out tolerance of bearings inner and outer ring. l轴承内、外圈的端面对内孔轴线的跳动公差跳动公差等The run-out tolerance that the end faces of bearings inner and outer rings face to inner holes axis. 公差等级分为五级：Tolerance grades are divided into five classes标注例：6200 /p6 Label case 2、4、5、6(

12、6x)、0最精密级Most precision class中等 精度等级Middle accuracy class普通级Normal class超精密级Ultra precision class 精密级Precision class凡属普通级的轴承，一般在轴承型号上不标注公差等级代号 For each ordinary lass bearing.The tolerance class grade is commonly not labeled on bearing type. 应用时主要考虑以下几点：应用时主要考虑以下几点：The following several points should

13、 be mainly considered when applying 机器功能对轴承部件的旋转精度要求机器功能对轴承部件的旋转精度要求 Machine function requirements for bearing parts rotational accuracy. 0级：用于旋转精度要求不高的一般机构中。级：用于旋转精度要求不高的一般机构中。0 class:It is used in the common mechanisms of which rotational accuracy requirements are not very high.6级、级、5级、级、4级：用于旋转精度

14、要求较高或转速较高的机构中。级：用于旋转精度要求较高或转速较高的机构中。6 class,5 class and 4 class:It is used in the mechanisms of which rotational accuracy requirements are relatively high or rotation rates are relatively high 2级：用于高精度、高转速的特别精密部件上。级：用于高精度、高转速的特别精密部件上。2class:It is used on special precise parts with high accuracy and

15、high rotation. 转速转速rotation rate转速高High ratationrate 旋转轴或孔的跳动The run-out of rotation axis or hole振动和噪音Vibration and noise 选用精度高的轴承Select and use the bearings with high precision accuracies公差等级Tolerance classes应用范围 Applied ranges0通常称为普通级，应用最广， 用于对旋转精度运转平稳性要求不高的一般旋转机构中。It is usually called universal c

16、lass and most widely applied.It is used in common rotary mechanisms of which rotation precision running stability requirements are not high6 5应用在旋转精度和运转平稳性要求较高或转速较高的旋转机构中，其中6级、5级轴承多用于比较精密的机床和机器中。They are usually used in the rotary mechanisms with higher requirements on rotation accuracy and operatio

17、nal stability or higher rotation rates.5 and 6 classes bearings are chiefly used in higher accurate machine tools or machines.4 24级轴承多用于转速很高或旋转精度要求很高的机床和机器的旋转机构中。2级轴承应用在精密机械的旋转机构中。4 class bearings are chiefly used in the machine tools and machines rotating mechanisms with high rotation rates or high

18、 rotary precision requirements.2 class bearings are applied in precision mechanisms rotating mechanisms. 公差带特点公差带特点:上偏差为0，下偏差为负值 The features of tolerance zones:The upper deviation is 0 and lower deviation is negative value06（ 6x）54206（ 6x） 542+0-+0-Dd轴承外径公差带 The tolerance zones of bearing external

19、diameters轴承内径公差带 The tolerance zones of bearing internal diameters 滚动轴承配合制: 与外圈相配合：基轴制 与内圈相配合：基孔制The fit systems of antifriction bearings:Fit with outer ring: Basic shaft system Fit with outer ring: Basic bore system 5.3滚动轴承的内、外径公差带的特点 The features of internal and external diameters tolerances in an

20、tifriction bearings 公差等级06542基本尺寸/mm极限偏差/m 大于到上偏差下偏差 上 偏 差下偏差上偏差下偏差上偏差下偏差上偏差下偏差内圈dm183001008060502.53050012010080602.5外圈D m5080013011090704801200150130100805部分向心轴承dm和Dm的极限值 The limit values of partial radial bearing dm and Dm例：已知轴承的基本尺寸如图所示。根据实际工况采用 6级向心轴承，试画出轴承孔轴公差带。Examples:It is known that the be

21、arings basic sizes are as shown in the figure. Adopting 6 class radial bearings according to actual working conditions and try to draw bearings hole and shaft tolerance zones. +0-+0-9050es=0ES=0ei=-13EI=-10 轴承公差带标注轴承公差带标注 The labeling of bearing tolerance zones 外壳孔外壳孔Outer shell holes 旋转轴颈旋转轴颈Pivot

22、journal5.4 滚动轴承与轴和壳体孔的配合 The fits that antifriction bearings fit with shafts and shell holes 1. 轴颈和外壳孔的公差带 The tolerance zones that axle journals fit outer shell holes 2. 滚动轴承配合的选择 The selections of antifriction bearings fits 轴颈和外壳孔的公差带 The tolerance zones of axle journals and outer shell holes GB/T

23、307.1- 2005 GB/T307.1- 2005 滚动轴承滚动轴承 向心轴承向心轴承 公差公差Antifriction bearing Radial bearing Tolerance GB/T1801 - 1999 GB/T1801 - 1999 极限与配合极限与配合 公差带和配合的选择公差带和配合的选择 limit and fit The selection of tolerance zone and fitr6m5m6j6js5k5js6h5h6h8h7 g6g5d内 圈 公 差 带 Inner ring tolerance zonek6n6p60 +-j5 轴承内圈与轴配合的常用

24、公差带关系 The common tolerance zones relationships that bearings inner ring fits with shaft 过渡配合 过盈配合 k5 k6 m5 m6 Transition fit Interference fit间隙配合 过渡配合 g5 g6 h5 h6 Clearance fit Transition fit 轴Shaft+0-eseiabccddeefffg g hjjskmn prstuvxyzzazbzc基本尺寸 Basic sizeM6K7M7N6N7P6 P7K6J6J7JS6JS7H6H7H8G7外圈公差带Ou

25、ter ring tolerance zone0 +-D 轴承外圈与外壳孔配合常用公差带关系 Common tolerance zone relationships that bearings outer rings fit with outer shell holes 配合性质基本一致，公差值较小，配合也稍紧。Fit properties are basically concordant.Tolerance values are smaller and fits are a bit tight. 孔 Hole基本尺寸 +0-EIESABCCDDEEFFFGGHJJSKM NPRSTUVXY

26、ZZAZBZCBasic size2. 滚动轴承配合的选择 The selection of antifriction bearings fit 保证机器正常运转，提高轴承寿命，充分发挥轴承的承载能力。To ensure machines normal running.Improving bearings lifetime and fully exerting bearings carrying capacity.任务：确定轴颈与外壳孔的基本偏差代号Task:Ascertain the basic deviation codes of axle journals and outer shell

27、 holes 选择轴承选择轴承配合性质配合性质依据依据负荷类型负荷类型径向游隙径向游隙其他因素其他因素负荷大小负荷大小静止载荷：配合应稍松一些 Static load:The fit should be slightly looser 循环载荷：配合应稍紧一些 Cyclic load:The fit should be slightly tighter 摆动载荷：配合应稍紧一些或略松 Oscillating load:The fit should be slightly looser or tighter 负荷越大，过盈量应越大 The bigger the load is the much

28、interference amount there should beThe bases of selecting bearings coordination propertiesLoad type Load sizeRadial clearanceOther factors公差等级的协调公差等级的协调：The coordination of tolerance class:一般与轴承配合时：一般与轴承配合时：Commonly fit with bearings: P0 轴IT6 箱体孔IT7 P0 Shaft IT6 Box hole IT7 P6 轴IT5 箱体孔IT6 P6 Shaft IT5 Box hole IT6n轴承的安装与拆卸轴承的安装与拆卸The installations and disassembly of bearings. 为了保证轴承的正常运转，除了正确地选择轴承与轴颈及箱体孔的公差等级及配合外，还应对轴颈和箱体孔的形位公差及表面粗糙度提出要求。In order to ensure the bearings n