化合物英文命名规则PPT学习教案

1、会计学1化合物英文命名规则化合物英文命名规则第1页/共80页KCl potassium chloride NaBr sodium bromide BaS barium sulfideCaO calcium oxide HI hydrogen iodide第2页/共80页第3页/共80页第4页/共80页第5页/共80页symbolEnglishLatinsymbolEnglish LatinCucoppercuprumAugoldaurumSbautimonystibiumFeironferrumPbleadPlumbumAgSilverarrgentumHgmercuryhydrargyrum

2、NaSodium NatriumKpotassium kaliumSntinstannum第6页/共80页Na2O sodium oxide Al2S3aluminum sulfide第7页/共80页第8页/共80页第9页/共80页FormulaOxidation state of less electronegative atomName of saltKNO2+3Potassium nitriteKNO3+5Potassium nitrateRbSO3+4Rubidium sulfiteRbSO4+6Rubidium sulfateCsClO+1Cesium hypochloriteCsC

3、lO2+5Cesium chloriteCsClO3+5Cesium chlorateCsClO4+7Cesium perchlorate第10页/共80页第11页/共80页FormulaOxidation state of less electronegative atomName of saltFormula and name of corresponding acid KNO2+3Potassium nitriteH NO2 Nitrous acidKNO3+5Potassium nitrateH NO3 Nitric acidRbSO3+4Rubidium sulfiteH2 SO3

4、Sulfurous acidRbSO4+6Rubidium sulfateH2 SO4 Sulfuric acidCsClO+1Cesium hypochloriteHClO Hypochlorous acidCsClO2+5Cesium chloriteHClO2 chlorous acidCsClO3+5Cesium chlorateHClO3 chloric acidCsClO4+7Cesium perchlorateHClO4 perchloric acid第12页/共80页第13页/共80页第14页/共80页第15页/共80页第16页/共80页第17页/共80页第18页/共80页第1

5、9页/共80页2,2-dimethyl-5-ethyloctane2,2-二甲基-6-乙基壬烷第20页/共80页4-sec-butyl-3-methylnonane3-甲基-4-仲丁基壬烷4-propyl-5-isopropyldecane4-丙基-5-异丙基癸烷第21页/共80页2-methyl-4,4-bis(tert-butyl)-octane2-甲基-4,4-二异丁基辛烷5-sec-butylnonane5-(2-butyl)nonane5-2-butylnonane5-异丁基壬烷第22页/共80页4-vinyl-1-hepten-5-yne3-acetylenyl-1,5-hexad

6、iene3-乙炔基-1,5-己二烯H3CCHCHCC2H5CH3H3-vinyl-4-propyl-1,3-hexadiene-5-yne3-乙烯基-4-丙基-1,3-己二烯-5-炔第23页/共80页第24页/共80页Cyclohexene（环己烯）第25页/共80页1,3 cyclohexdiene1,3-环己二烯HC2H5CH3Htrans-1-ethyl-4-methylcyclohexane反-1-乙基-4-甲基环己烷第26页/共80页2-methyl-5-cyclopentyl-heptane2-乙基-5-环戊基庚烷CH3CH3C2H5H3C第27页/共80页benzene（苯）CH

7、3toluene（甲苯）CH3H3C第28页/共80页CHCH2styrene（苯乙烯）第29页/共80页C2H5ethylbenzene（乙苯）Clchlorobenzene（氯苯）NO2第30页/共80页CNcyanobenzene（苯甲腈）OHphenol（苯酚）NH2第31页/共80页HOOCOCH3HOOCHOClp-acetylbenzoic acid对乙酰苯甲酸o-hydroxybenzoic acid邻羟基苯甲酸第32页/共80页BrOCH3C2H5H3CC2H5p-bromomethoxy benzene对溴甲氧基苯3-ethyl-4-phenyl cyclohexene3-

8、乙基-4-苯基 环己烯第33页/共80页NH2CH3OHCNm-methylaniline间甲基苯胺O-cyanophenol邻氰基苯酚第34页/共80页CH3CH3o-xylene邻二甲苯FFFFFFCOOHCOOHphthalic acid邻苯二甲酸perfluorobenzene六氟苯第35页/共80页B. Functional compounds第36页/共80页halo: fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodohalide: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodideH3CCHCH3IBrCH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH32-brom

9、oisohexane2-溴异己烷第37页/共80页X3C-CX3 perchloro ethane第38页/共80页H3CCHCH3OH第39页/共80页HOCH3OHOH2-cyclopenten-1-ol 2-环戊烯-1-醇第40页/共80页H3CH2CCH2SHCH3SH1-propanethiol1-丙硫醇第41页/共80页H3CCHCH2H2CCH3OKO-NH4+potassium isopentyl oxide钾氧异戊烷第42页/共80页LiSCCH3CH3CH3第43页/共80页C2H5OC2H5H3CCH2CHCH3O CH3H3C CH2O CHCH3CH3ethyl is

10、opropyl ether乙基异丙基醚(di)ethyl ether 二乙醚sec-butyl methyl ether 仲丁基甲醚2-methoxybutane2-甲氧基丁烷第44页/共80页OOOOOOOOOO12-crown-418-crown-6第45页/共80页CHCHOH3CClCH CHORR1-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane1-氯基-1,2-环氧丙烷第46页/共80页H3CSCHH2CCH3CH3第47页/共80页H3CH2CSCOOHH2CCOHSH3Cp-(ethylthiol)benzoic acid对乙硫醇苯甲酸 第48页/共80页第49页/共80页H3

11、CH2CCHCH3NH2HNH2CCH2CH2ClH2CClH3CH2CCH2H2CCH2NCH3CH32-butylamine2-丁胺bis(2-chloroethyl)amine2（2-氯乙基）胺第50页/共80页N CH3H3CCH3CH3+OH-NH3+Cl-tertramethylammonium hydroxide四甲基氢氧化铵第51页/共80页H3CH2CCHCHCH3CH3NHC2H5OHCH3NHC2H53-ethylamino-2-methylcyclohexanol3-乙基胺-2-甲基环己醇N-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxycyclohexanamine

12、N-乙基-2-甲基-3-氢氧化环己胺第52页/共80页第53页/共80页H2CCCH2H2CC2H5CHOOHCH2CCHOCHO4-ethyl-4-pentenal4-乙基-4-戊烯醛propanedial 丙二醛第54页/共80页CHObenzaldehyde 苯甲醛OHC-CH2CH2CH2-CH-CH2-CHOCHO1,2,5-pentanetricarbaldehyde1,2,5-三甲醛戊烷3-formyl（甲酰基）heptanedial3-甲酰基庚二醛第55页/共80页H3CH2CCH2CCH3OH3CCH2CCHCH3OCH33-pentanone3-戊酮第56页/共80页OOH

13、3COO1,3-cyclopentanedione1,3-环戊二酮Acetophenone 乙酰苯methyl phenyl ketone 甲基苯基酮第57页/共80页第58页/共80页H3CCHCHCH3HCCOOHHCCH2CCOOHCH3CH2CH2COOHbutanoic acid 丁酸butyric acid3-butynoic acid 3-丁炔酸第59页/共80页第60页/共80页C NOCH3CH3HN,N-dimethylformamideN,N-二甲基甲酰胺CH3CH2CH2C-NH2Obutanamide丁酰胺CH2=CH-CH-CH=CH-C-NHCH2-CH3CH3O

14、N-ethyl-4-methyl-2,5-hexadienamideN-乙基-4-甲基-2,5-己二烯酰胺C NH2Ocyclopropanecarboxamide环丙基甲酰胺第61页/共80页H3CH2CCH2COH2CCH3OCOCHCH3CH3Oethylbutanoate丁酸乙酯第62页/共80页ethyl cyclopentanecarboxylate环戊酸乙酯CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-C-OCH3Ocyclopentyl 4-methylpentanoate4-甲基丁酸环戊酯COC2H5OH3CC-O-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3OCH3(2-methyl) 3-methylc

15、yclohexanecarboxylate3-甲基环己酸（2-甲基）丁酯第63页/共80页COOLiH3CCHCH2CH3H2CCOOKCH3C-ONaOsodium acetate 乙酸钠potassium isohexanoate 异丁酸钾第64页/共80页CH3-CH2-CH2COCCH2CH2CH3OOC3H7COCC2H5OObutyric anhydride 丁酸酐butanoic anhydride第65页/共80页benzoic anhydride 苯甲酸酐COCOOCOCOOcyclohexanecarboxylic anhydride环己甲酸酐OOObutanedioic

16、anhydride丁二酸酐第66页/共80页H3CH2CCH2CClO第67页/共80页CFObenzoyl fluoride苯甲酰氟H3CHCCHH2COBr3-pentenoyl bromide3-戊烯酰溴第68页/共80页第69页/共80页H3C CC CH2CNCNH3CCHCH2CHCH2CH2CNCNCN3-pentynenitrile 3-丁炔腈cyclopentanecarbonitrile环戊腈第70页/共80页OOOO5-petanelactone5-戊酸内酯5-valerolactone第71页/共80页OCC2H5O5-heptanelactone5-庚酸内酯NHO4-butanelactam4-丁内酰胺4-butyrolactamN-CH3ON-methyl 5-pentanelactamN-甲基-5-戊内酰胺N-methyl 5-valerolactam第72页/共80页CRR(OR)2第73页/共80页H3CCCH2CH3OOC2H5C2H5CHNO2OOCH3CH3m-nitrobenzaldehyde dimethylacetal间硝基苯甲醛二甲基乙缩醛CH3CH2CH2CH2CHOO1-ethylenedioxypentanepentanal ethyleneacetal戊醛乙烯基缩醛第74页/共80页1R2RCNR