考研翻译-夏伟

1、考研翻译考研翻译 夏伟夏伟 考研英语目标考研英语目标总计总计100分，分，180分钟完成分钟完成目标分数：目标分数：第一部分：完形第一部分：完形10分分第二部分：阅读第二部分：阅读 Part A 阅读理解阅读理解40分分 Part B 新题型新题型10分分 Part C 翻译翻译10分分第三部分：写作第三部分：写作30分分705324524考研英语目标考研英语目标艺体艺体总计总计100分，分，180分钟完成分钟完成目标分数：目标分数：第一部分：完形第一部分：完形10分分第二部分：阅读第二部分：阅读 Part A 阅读理解阅读理解40分分 Part B 新题型新题型10分分 Part C 翻译翻

2、译10分分第三部分：写作第三部分：写作30分分604284420考研翻译的现状考研翻译的现状 考研英语是中国大陆组织的最难的英语考试考研英语是中国大陆组织的最难的英语考试 考研翻译是考研英语中最难一部分考研翻译是考研英语中最难一部分 大多数非英语专业的学生，未接受翻译训练大多数非英语专业的学生，未接受翻译训练从从9090年到年到0 0年，考研英年，考研英译汉全国平均译汉全国平均3.53.5分！分！ 考研翻译考研翻译2003 Q65Thus, the anthropological concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematic

3、s, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.考研英语翻译总论考研英语翻译总论 提升实力课下提升实力课下 把握考试课上把握考试课上考研翻译课下需要做的考研翻译课下需要做的 基础词汇：考纲基础词汇：考纲5500 要求要求 7000-8000 词汇拓展：词汇拓展：Time；TOFEL / IELTS 语法句子：简单插入平行非谓尾重语法句子：简单插入平行非谓尾重 复合复合代词特殊（虚拟，倒装，省略）代词特殊（虚拟，倒装，省略） 文化常识文化常识

4、：经济学；心理学；哲学：经济学；心理学；哲学 考研大纲对于词汇的要求 考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录）。 除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。1997 P5 Much of the language used to describe mo

5、netary policy, such as “steering theeconomy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precisescience. Nothing could be further from thetruth. 考研翻译课下文化常识考研翻译课下文化常识文章体裁：议论文文章体裁：议论文(80%)、说明文、说明文(20%)、记叙文、记叙文(0%)、应用文、应用文(0%)文章来源：文章来源：“Economist” ; “Time” ; “Newsweek” ; “U.S. N

6、ews & World Report” 专业文献专业文献 ( Nature; Science; Scientific American)内容范围：社会科学：内容范围：社会科学：经济经济学、教育学、学、教育学、心理心理学、传播学学、传播学 自然科学：纯自然科学、边缘学科自然科学：纯自然科学、边缘学科 人文科学：文学评论、文艺史、人文科学：文学评论、文艺史、哲学哲学书目推荐书目推荐 ：经济学原理经济学原理格里高力格里高力曼昆曼昆 心理学与生活心理学与生活理查德理查德格里格格里格 西方哲学史西方哲学史 勃兰特勃兰特罗素罗素考研翻译考研翻译2003 Q65Thus, the anthropologic

7、al concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.补充练习补充练习1 2006 Q46(What is an intellectual?) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life

8、the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.后置定语：定语从句 非谓语1999 P1Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes. 2012 英语二 翻译When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are

9、usually concernedat the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally liveddistant from one another. （1997，P2）Technically, any substance other than f

10、ood that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. （1997 P3）International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. （2001 P4）Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity k

11、nown to geologists as hot spots. （1998 P5） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Sth. depends upon sth. and on sth. 1995 Q72（How well

12、the predictions will be validated by later performance ）depends upon （the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used ）and on （the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted）. 1995 Q722003 Q62 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans a

13、nd their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.21 找到主干： Social science （主语） is that branch of intellectual enquiry （系表结构）22 按照汉语句法结构（与英语一样），将上句译为： 社会科学是那个智力询问的分支。 社会科学是那个知识探索/研究的分支。 社会科学是知识探索/研究（领域/方面）

14、的分支。23 第二步：按照汉语的“定语总在名词前”或“单独译成句” 的句法要求，把which seeks to study humans and their endeavors定语译出，放在中心词intellectual enquiry之后，得出： 它寻找研究人类和他们的努力 它试图研究人类和他们的努力 它试图研究人类和他们的行为/活动24第三步：方式状语“in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner”修饰谓语动词study,所以根据汉语思维“谓前为状谓后补 ”的顺序，可把“ inmanner”方式状语放在谓语s

15、tudy 前译出：它试图在理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式下研究人类和他们的行为/活动25 第四步：按照汉语的“定语总在名词前”或“单独译成句” 的句法要求，把that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena定语译出： “自然科学家用这种方式研究自然现象” 放在中心词manner之前/之后，得出：26它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象一样，用理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式研究人类和他们的行为/活动。它试图在理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式下研究人类和他们的行为/活动，而自然科学家就是用这种方式研究自然现象。27译文

16、社会科学是知识探索/研究（领域/方面）的分支。它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象一样，用理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式研究人类和他们的行为/活动。社会科学是知识探索/研究（领域/方面）的分支。它试图在理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式下研究人类和他们的行为/活动，而自然科学家就是用这种方式研究自然现象。2005 Q47 In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, m

17、agazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 总结：定语从句的翻译 1. 前置法 2. 拆分法Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.第一种方法： 前置法 如果定语从句结构简单如果定语从句结构简单, 信息负载量不大信息负载量不大

18、, 翻译的时候前置。翻译的时候前置。定语从句前置法则 Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.第二种方法 拆分法 There will be television

19、 chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. there be 句型的翻译方法：1、增加人们、大家、我们等汉语的泛指主语 there is an agreement2、翻译为汉语的无主句，直接说“有”，“出现”，“存在” 如果定语从句结构复杂如果定语从句结构复杂,信息负载量大信息负载量大, 翻译的时候拆分独立成句后置翻译的时候拆分独立成句后置 这时常常需要重复先行词或用代词重复这时常常需要重复先行词或用代词重复 非限定语从句必须拆分非

20、限定语从句必须拆分定语从句拆分法则35综合练习：05年年Q49Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.36分清主干：Creating a “European identity”（主语） is no easy task and （系表结构） and （并列

21、）demands a strategic choice（谓宾结构）37按照汉语句法结构（与英语一样），将上句译为：按照汉语句法结构（与英语一样），将上句译为： 创造一个 “欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性的选择。 评论评论：上述句子，英、汉语句法结构完全相同（同序），很容易掌握。38 按照汉语的按照汉语的“定语总在名词前定语总在名词前”的句法要求，把的句法要求，把that respects the different cultures and traditions定语译出，放在中心词“European identity”之前，得出：创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择

22、。 “which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent” 是嵌套定语从句，修饰“the different cultures and traditions”构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统40创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统得到：创造一个尊重构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。 由于which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Ol

23、d Continent是嵌套定语从句，中心词前的定语太复杂拗口，因此翻译时采用“定从若嵌套定从若嵌套，择后者拆分，择后者拆分”的办法：创造一个尊重构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。不同的文化和传统构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带，创造一个尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。正是/就是/而这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。 常常可以直接翻译，常常可以直接翻译， 但有时候还可以放到整个句子最前面去翻但有时候还可以放到整个句子最前面去翻译译总结：插入结构 Thu

24、s, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.插入结构直接翻译 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s

25、, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.放到直接修饰的词前 英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直翻译英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直翻译 但有时候需要把时间，条件，让步，目的但有时候需要把时间，条件，让步，目的和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前，和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前， 状语的最佳位置应该是在汉语中主语之后状语的最佳位置应该是在汉语中主语之后动词之前动词之前 分词做状语需添加逻辑主语分词做状语需添加逻辑主语总结：状语和状语从句： Until these issues are resolved, a techno

26、logy of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. In general, the tests work most effectively the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. Argui

27、ng from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直翻译英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直翻译 但有时候需要把时间，条件，让步，目的但有时候需要把时间，条件，让步，目的和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前，和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前， 状语的最佳位置应该是在汉语中主语之后状语的最佳位置应该是在汉语中主语

28、之后动词之前动词之前 分词做状语需添加逻辑主语分词做状语需添加逻辑主语总结：状语和状语从句：综合练习-2012英语二 （The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. ）They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up w

29、ith clever new products for their factories to make. 总结：代词代词翻译，首先要理解其明确指代对象，如果在中文中没有歧义直接翻译如果中文中直翻理解有歧义，则使用名词重复的方法翻译万不得已，可以用“这种情况”、“这种说法”、“这种观点”等来翻译总结：被动结构 化被动为主动 保留被动53 It is said that 据说据说It is believed that 据认为据认为It is reported that 据报道据报道It is estimated that 据估计据估计It must be pointed out that 必须指出

30、必须指出It must be admitted that 必须承认必须承认It has been found that 实践证明实践证明It is suggested that 有人建议有人建议It is agreed that 人们同意人们同意54It is imagined that人们认为It can not be denied that不可否认It will be seen from this that由此可知It should be realized that必须认识到It is（always）stressed that人们（总是）强调It is（generally）consider

31、ed that大家（普遍）认为It may be said without fear of exaggeration that可以毫不夸张地说句子过于抽象句子过于抽象1997 Q72Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.综合综合练习练习 2008 Q48On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made

32、by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.57综合练习：2005 Q46 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in E

33、urope.58 Television is one of the means （主系表结构） and perhaps never before has it served so much （主谓宾结构）59 第二步：把by which these feelings are created and conveyed定语译出，放在中心词“the means ”之前，得出： “电视是制造和传递这种情感的手段之一” to connect different peoples and nations是不定式表示目的，是serve的具体内容，按汉语的习惯“在方面起作用”所以可移到前面；“so.as”是一个

34、比较级结构，比较复杂，以单独拿出来译。60 电视是制造和传递这种情感的手段之一，也许在此之前，在联系不同民族和国家上，电视从来没有像在欧洲最近的事件中那样起过如此重大的作用。 电视是引发和传递这种情感的手段之一;在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视从来没有像在欧洲最近的事件中那样起过如此重大的作用。61综合练习 2004 Q61 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before

35、people realized how diverse languages could be.62The Greeks （主语） assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought （主谓宾结构）63 第二步: 非限定性定语从句，独立成句，重复先行词的规则，把which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译出，放主句之后。 which took root in Europe 这种观点扎根在欧洲。 这种观点在欧洲生了根。（谓前