Definition ParagraphsPPT学习教案

1、会计学1Definition Paragraphs第1页/共25页Touch BarBar第2页/共25页Touch BarBarThe Touch Bar is a screen which replaces The Touch Bar is a screen which replaces the function keys. It changes automatically the function keys. It changes automatically based on what the userbased on what the users are doing to show s

2、 are doing to show relevant tools system controls like tools system controls like volume and brightness, interactive ways to volume and brightness, interactive ways to adjust or browse through content, adjust or browse through content, intelligent typing features like emoji and intelligent typing fe

3、atures like emoji and predictive text, and more. predictive text, and more. 第3页/共25页HAZEHaze Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon where dust, smoke and other dry particles where dust, smoke and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky.

4、Sources for haze obscure the clarity of the sky. Sources for haze particles include farming (ploughing in dry particles include farming (ploughing in dry weather), traffic, industry, and wildfires.weather), traffic, industry, and wildfires.第4页/共25页Abstract word:HappinessAccording to Merriam-Websters

5、 Online Dictionary, happiness is a state of well-being and contentment or a pleasurable or satisfying experience 第5页/共25页Definitions of Happiness of some of the greatest minds in history Happiness is different from pleasure. Happiness has something to do with struggling and enduring and accomplishin

6、g. - George SheehanHappiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence. - AristotleHappiness is not something you experience, its something you remember. - Oscar LevantHappiness is not a station you arrive at, but a manner of traveling. - Margaret Lee Runbeck H

7、appiness is the spiritual experience of living every minute with love, grace and gratitude. -Denis Waitley 第6页/共25页What is a definition paragraph?Read P99What is definition?Definition means establishing limits or marking boundaries of a subject.Why do we need definition in our communication?By using

8、 definition, we can avoid confusion or misunderstanding of some symbols or ideas.第7页/共25页Three basic ways to define a term:1. Give a synonym2. Use a sentence3. Write a paragraph or even an essayto mend means to repairInk is colored water which we use for writing. A tornado is usually formed on a hot

9、, sticky day with south winds and an ominous sky. From the base of a thundercloud a funnel-shaped cloud extends a violently twisting spiral toward the earth. As it sucks in objects in its path, the twister may turn black, brown or occasionally even white (over snow). The moving cloud shows an almost

10、 continuous display of lightning. The funnel is very slender: its area of violence generally averages no more than 400 yards wide.第8页/共25页Two main types of definitionFormal definitionIt refers to the definition of a word or a concept simply based on the dictionary. The purpose is to identify the wor

11、d and clarify the meaning of the concept. This type is short and rigid in form.Informal / Extended definitionThis type refers to the definition of a concept or a subject which may or may not begin with a dictionary meaning. This type is much longer in length and less formal. (e.g. beauty, happiness,

12、 freedom). Various other methods can be used to define it (comparison/contrast, description, example, and so on). 第9页/共25页Two main types of definitionFormal definitionInformal / Extended definitionA tornado may be identified as a strong dangerous wind which forms itself into an upside-down spinning

13、cone and is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground.A tornado is usually formed on a hot, sticky day with south winds and an ominous sky. From the base of a thundercloud a funnel-shaped cloud extends a violently twisting spiral toward the earth. As it sucks in objects in its path, th

14、e twister may turn black, brown or occasionally even white (over snow). The moving cloud shows an almost continuous display of lightning. The funnel is very slender: its area of violence generally averages no more than 400 yards wide.第10页/共25页Exercise on P102第11页/共25页Different strategies to define a

15、 concept第12页/共25页Exemplification:The writer first gives a dictionary meaning like this: A fanatic is a person who is extremely enthusiastic about something. Then he illustrates its meaning this way:For instance, I have an uncle who is fanatic about streetcars. He loves them so much so that he drags

16、them almost into every conversation. If I say something about coming home on the bus, he says, Now if that had been a streetcar, you wouldnt have had that trouble and then he goes into some long-winded account of where the streetcars used to run and how much cheaper they were to operate. He has a sc

17、rapbook full of old pictures he took with the streetcars. He makes everybody who visits the house look, even though weve already seen those pictures a thousand times.第13页/共25页Process analysisWhen you define a device , an event , or a concept , you need to explain what the device does, how the event

18、takes place, or how a procedure is carried out. All this requires using process analysis to better clarify the particular meaning for the reader.e.g., If your paragraph is about “ happiness”, you should not just define what happiness is, you should also explain how to be happy.第14页/共25页comparison an

19、d contrast:Sometimes you need to use comparison and contrast to help the reader better understand the distinguishing features of a word or a concept.Look at the following paragraph, noticing how the writer defines parenthood:第15页/共25页Parenthood refers to the state of being a parent. It is apparently

20、 very necessary to distinguish between parenthood and parentage. Parenthood is an art; parentage is the consequence of a mere biological act. The biological ability to produce, to conceive, and to give birth to a child has nothing to do with the ability to care for that child as it requires to be ca

21、red for. It is highly desirable that parentage should not be undertaken until the parenthood has been learned. Parentage is often irresponsible whereas parenthood is responsible. Parenthood is responsible for the development of a human being-not simply a child, but a human being. It can thus be stat

22、ed that parenthood is the most important occupation in the parison and contrast:第16页/共25页Negation:Negation is often adopted for developing a definition paragraph. Before you explain what something means, you can explain what it does not mean. Take the following for example:Many people think that a n

23、urse is a smiling woman, in a white uniform and cap, whose main job is to take temperature for a patient and change his or her bedpan in the hospital. However, this stereotype is not correct. Today/s nurses are both male and female. They are trained professionals who offer comfort and assistance to

24、people who are ill or who are experiencing great physical or mental stress. They work in hospital bedrooms and in operating room. They also help people institutions and provide professional home care第17页/共25页Cause-and-effect:To further clarify the characteristics of certain concept, a definition ess

25、ay may need to use cause and effect to explain the causes and consequences concerned.What is cited in the following is an extended definition of “ sudden infant death syndrome “( SIDS ) or “ crib death”:第18页/共25页.As might be expected, researchers have offered many theories concerning the cause of cr

26、ib death. Dr. R. C. Reisinger, a national cancer Institute scientist, has linked crib death to the growth of a common bacterium, E. coli, in the intestines of newborn babies. The organisms multiply in the intestines, manufacturing a toxin that is absorbed by the intestinal wall and passes into the bloodstream. Breast milk stops the growth of the organism, whereas cows milk permits it. Therefore, Dr. Reisinger believes, bottle