General Biology 0701(3)

1、General BiologyPeiyong LiuBiotechnology InstituteCollege of SciencesNortheastern UniversityE-mail: Tel: 83687284(O);M)General Biology Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Fundamental material of Life Chapter 3 Structure and function of cell Chapter 4 Tissue, apparatus and system Chapter 5 C

2、lassification of speciesChapter 4 Tissue, apparatus and system 4.1 tissues( including plant and animal) 4.2 apparatus and system of plant 4.3 apparatus and system of animal 4.2 apparatus and system of plant Teaching Objectives:1. Understanding the conformation and physiological function of vegetal o

3、rgans and reproductive organs and their metamorphism;2. Mastering the structure of vegetal organs and reproductive organs expertly;3. Understanding the transportation manner and transformation manner of mineral elements and organic substance, reproductive manner of plant and the regulating and domin

4、ate substance of vegetal growth activity;4. Mastering the mechanism of photosynthesis, the water transportation path in plant body, and transportation rules of organic substance in plant body;5. Mastering the formation and development process of microspore and megaspore, development process of dicot

5、yledon embryo, and life history of angiosperm. 4.2 apparatus and system of plant Teaching contents: 4.2.1 conformation, structure and function of vegetal nutrition apparatus 4.2.2 conformation, structure and function of vegetal reproduction apparatus 4.2.3 system of plant 4.2.4 regulating and domina

6、te substance of vegetal growth activity4.2.1 Conformation, structure and function of vegetal nutrition apparatus 4.2.1.1 root 4.2.1.2 stem 4.2.1.3 leaf 4.2.1.4 metamorphic apparatus 4.2.1.1 root (1) physiological function of root(2) root types and root system (3) structure of root A. root tip struct

7、ure; B. primary structure of dycot root; C. secondary structure of dycot root; D. structure of monocot root 4.2.1 conformation, structure and function of vegetal nutrition apparatusRoot systemTap root system and fibrous root system Secondary growth process of dycot root1.1.维管形成层的活动：维管形成层的活动：(1)首先是位于

8、初生韧皮部内方的薄壁细胞恢复分裂能力，并向两侧扩展，推移至初生木质部的放射角端;(2)接着，正对着初生木质部的中柱鞘细胞也出现分裂活动，最后连成完整的波浪状的维管形成层环;(3)以后，进行着不等速的分裂，在初生韧皮部内方分裂速度快，形成的次生术质部多，而在初生木质部的外方，分裂速度慢，从而使原来的波浪状形成层环变成圆环。(4)维管形成层主要进行平周分裂，向外产生次生韧皮部，向内产生细胞数量较多的次生木质部。在根增粗过程中，初生韧皮部常被挤毁，但初生木质部仍保留在根的中央。2.2.木栓形成层的活动：木栓形成层的活动：在维管形成层进行次生生长的过程中，中柱鞘细胞也恢复分裂能力，形成木栓形成层。木栓

9、形成层进行平周分裂，向外产生木栓层，向内产生栓内层。木栓层、木栓形成层和栓内层共同组成了周皮。由于木栓层细胞不透水、不透气，而且排列紧密，因而木栓层外的组织由于给养断绝而死亡。 4.2.1.2 stem (1) Physiological function of stem(2) Conformation and structure of stem A. Primary structure of dicotyledon stem B. Secondary structure of dicotyledon stem C. Structure of monocotyledon stem4.2.1 c

10、onformation, structure and function of vegetal nutrition apparatusPrimary structure of dicotyledon stemSecondary structure of dicotyledon stemAnnual ring of woody plantStructure of peridermCross-section of monocot stem 4.2.1.3 leaf (1) Physiological function of leaf (Photosynthesis; Transpiration)(2

11、) Conformation of leaf (Constitution and classification)(3) Structure of leaf A. Lamina structure of dicotyledonB. Lamina structure of monocotyledon 4.2.1 conformation, structure and function of vegetal nutrition apparatusLamina conformation and constitutionCompound leaf typesLamina structure of mon

12、ocotyledon 4.2.1.4 metamorphic apparatus 4.2.1.4.1 metamorphic root (1) hoarding root贮藏根 fleshy tap root肉质直根, root tuber块根 (2) aero-growing root气生根 prop root 支持根, climbing root 攀援根, respiratory root 呼吸根 (buttress root 板根 ) (3) parasitic(al) root寄生根Pic.4-2-16 metamorphic rootPic.4-2-17 parasitic (al)

13、 root4.2.1.4 metamorphic apparatus 4.2.1.4.2 metamorphic stem (1) subterraneous stem 地下茎 bulb 鳞茎, corm 球茎, rhizome 根状茎, stem tuber 块茎, runner bulb 匍匐鳞茎 (2) aerial stem 地上茎 stem tendril 茎卷须, stem thorn 茎刺, phylloid 叶状茎 4.2.1.4.3 metamorphic leaf leaf tendril 叶卷须, leaf thorn 叶刺,scale leaf 鳞叶, insect-c

14、atching leaf 捕虫叶Pic.4-2-18, 19 subterraneous stemPic.4-2-20 aerial stem Pic.4-2-21 metamorphic leaf 4.2.2 conformation, structure and function of vegetal reproduction apparatus 4.2.2.1 flower (1) constitution of flower pedicel 花柄, receptacle 花托, calyx 花萼, corolla 花冠, androecium 雄蕊群, gynoecium 雌蕊群 (2

15、) structure of stamen filament 花丝, anther 花药 (3) structure of pistil stigma 柱头, style 花柱, ovary 子房(ovary wall 子房壁, , placenta 胎座, ovule 胚珠)Pic.4-2-22 structure mode picture of flowerStamen typesPistil typesStructure of ovuleOvary location 4.2.2 conformation, structure and function of vegetal reproduction apparatus 4.2.2.2 fruit and seed (1) structur