工作安全分析及工 作安全观察JSAJSO training-cn

1、Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceJOB SAFETY ANALYSIS & JOB SAFETY OBSERVATIONbyHealth, Safety & Environment Vice PresidentOct. 13, 2011Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceWhy Should We Focus on Behaviors to Reduce Injuries?为什么重视行为来降低意外事故之发生为什么

2、重视行为来降低意外事故之发生At-Risk BehaviorNear MissMinor InjurySerious InjuryFatalityREACTIVEPROACTIVEGlobal Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceSESSION OUTLINE JSA Introduction & Procedure 工作安全分析介绍及程序工作安全分析介绍及程序 JSA Workshop工作安全分析讨论工作安全分析讨论 JSO Introduction & Procedure 工作安全工作安全观察观察介绍及程序

3、介绍及程序 Feedback on JSO工作安全工作安全观察的反馈观察的反馈 Exercise with Video/ PhotosGlobal Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceTHE SAFETY TRIANGLE 安全三角形安全三角形ENGINEERING工程工程RULES, PROCEDURES, TRAINING 规则、程序、训练规则、程序、训练 BEHAVIOR行为行为Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceJOB SAFETY AN

4、ALYSISDefinition:A method of breaking a job down into specific steps or tasks, identifying hazards associated with each step and determining the actions to be taken in order to prevent an incident. 将工作细分为将工作细分为各步骤及任务，确认每一步骤有关之危害，并决定避免发生意外应各步骤及任务，确认每一步骤有关之危害，并决定避免发生意外应采取之行动（预防措施）采取之行动（预防措施）Requiremen

5、t:Location department managers, in conjunction with their area supervision, should determine which JSAs each area will be completed. 部门主管及各级主管决定部门主管及各级主管决定该部门应进行工作该部门应进行工作安全分析之安全分析之工序工序Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceJSA Priority 优先顺序优先顺序1. New jobs that involve hazardous

6、work, the potential for an incident or may involve potential environmental impacts.新工作流程涉及危害作业或潜在环境影响新工作流程涉及危害作业或潜在环境影响2. Revised tasks involving hazardous work or potential environmental impacts.修订的涉及危害作业者或潜在环修订的涉及危害作业者或潜在环境影响境影响3. Those jobs resulting in past incidents or near misses throughout th

7、e industry.业界曾发生意外事件或近似意外业界曾发生意外事件或近似意外事件之工作事件之工作4. Those jobs representing a greater potential for an incident.有较高的发生意外事件可能之工作有较高的发生意外事件可能之工作5. Other identified hazardous works其他危险工作其他危险工作Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceProcedure for Performing a JSA 1. Identify the Steps

8、 of Job 鉴定一项工作之各个程序鉴定一项工作之各个程序2. Establish the Steps 建立各个工作步骤建立各个工作步骤3. Observe the job to identify the hazard and their clauses 观察分析的工作以鉴定危害性及原因观察分析的工作以鉴定危害性及原因Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceDescribe what is done using available procedures.描述采用什么工作程序Most jobs can be brok

9、en into twelve (12) steps or less.大部分工作可以区分为12个或更少之步骤Should not be too detailed or too broad.不应该太详细或太笼统Review with operator to make sure the steps are in the proper order.和操作人员一同讨论，以确认正确之工作顺序List Steps on JSA Worksheet在JSA工作表上列出工作步骤Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local Excellence观察分析的工作以鉴

10、定其危害性及原因观察分析的工作以鉴定其危害性及原因Select an employee to observe.选定一位同仁进行观察Discuss with the selected employee与该选定的同仁一同讨论Identify the materials, tools, equipment, chemicals, and protective apparatus associated with each step.鉴定各个步骤之物料、工具、设备、化学品及防护装置Identify the potential hazards or incidents确认潜在的危害或事故Develop s

11、olutions to eliminate the causes of the potential incidents.发展减低潜在意外事故原因之对策Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceList the precautions taken to avoid the potential hazard:wJob change solution改变工作之解决方案改变工作之解决方案:wIs there an entirely different or better way of doing the job? 是否有完全不

12、同或者是更好的工作方式？是否有完全不同或者是更好的工作方式？wIdentify the objectives of the job.确认工作之目标确认工作之目标wConsider different tools, materials, equipment, and methods. 考量不同的工具、材料、设备及方式考量不同的工具、材料、设备及方式wReduced or increased frequency减低或增加频率减低或增加频率:wGood for cleaning and repair types of jobs.良好清理和维修工良好清理和维修工作型态作型态wSolution, ins

13、tructions and new steps listed on the JSA worksheet. JSA工作表所列的对策、指引和新步骤工作表所列的对策、指引和新步骤Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceCheck the controls确认管制措施：确认管制措施：Will controls prevent the potential hazard from occurring? 管制措施是否可避免潜在危害之发生？管制措施是否可避免潜在危害之发生？Review controls with the emplo

14、yee observed and area supervision.与被观察之员工及该区域主管检讨管制措施。与被观察之员工及该区域主管检讨管制措施。Finalize the JSA工作安全分析工作安全分析(JSA)之定稿之定稿:Job steps properly identified. Listed in chronological order.Identified tools, equipment, materials, and protective gear.确确认工具、设备、物料及防护装置认工具、设备、物料及防护装置All potential hazards developed, ch

15、ecked and addressed.所所有潜在危害之发觉、检查及标明有潜在危害之发觉、检查及标明Review with all affected employees.与所有受影响员工来探讨与所有受影响员工来探讨Submit the JSA to area management &HSE leader 提交提交JSA给厂长及环安卫人员。给厂长及环安卫人员。Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceInitial by line employee, review by supervisor and HSE 练习

16、练习Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellencePurpose目的目的: wEvaluate conformance to established work instructions or procedures for a specific task 评估已建立的工作指导书或程序的评估已建立的工作指导书或程序的执行状况执行状况wEvaluate the adequacy of the procedure to protect the employee 对保护员工而言，评估工作程序的适当性对保护员工而言，评估工作程序的适当

17、性wIdentify additional conditions/hazards that may exist in performing the task 识别在执行工作时，可能存在额外的状况或识别在执行工作时，可能存在额外的状况或危害危害wProvide reinforcement for safe behaviors, compliance with procedures 对安全行为及遵守程序进行正面鼓励及强化对安全行为及遵守程序进行正面鼓励及强化Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceJob Safety O

18、bservationProcedure: 程序程序Select a task for the JSO 选择要进行工作安全观察的工作选择要进行工作安全观察的工作Review the JSA or work instruction for the task 检讨该工作的工作检讨该工作的工作安全分析（已建立）或工作程序书安全分析（已建立）或工作程序书Perform the observation 进行观察进行观察Evaluate and provide feedback 评估并进行反馈评估并进行反馈Document results 记录观察的结果记录观察的结果Focus on the task pe

19、rformed, not on the peoples performance/ compliance Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellenceReview JSA or work instruction 审核工作安全分析或工作指导书审核工作安全分析或工作指导书 PPE requirements 正确地使用个人防护具？ Tool requirements是否正确使用工具？ Identified hazards, warnings, cautions 识别危害、警告及注意事项 Steps associated with

20、 the task 执行工作的步骤 If no specific JSA or work instruction is available, discuss procedure with employee briefly before beginning observation 如果没有JSA或工作程序，在观察前与进行工作的员工讨论工作流程Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellencePerform the Observation 进行观察进行观察 Make sure the employee understands wh

21、at you are doing 确认员工知道你在进行工作安全观察确认员工知道你在进行工作安全观察 Make sure you stay out of the way 确认自己的安确认自己的安全防护全防护(dont stand next to the HF handling when the employee has to be in chemical goggles, face shield and chemical resistant clothes) Global Competencies | Regional Resources | Local ExcellencePerform th

22、e Observation Checking: 进行观察时检查进行观察时检查 PPE use and condition of PPE 个人防护具的使用及状况个人防护具的使用及状况 Presence and condition of safety equipment as needed (e.g. safety guard) 所需安全装备的状况所需安全装备的状况( (如安全护围如安全护围) ) Tool use and condition 工具的使用和状况工具的使用和状况 Handling of hazardous chemicals 危险化学品的操作危险化学品的操作 Performing steps in the proper order 正确的正确的工工作进行顺序作进行顺序 Performing all task steps 执行所有工作步骤执行所有工作步骤 Potential exposures such as