语言学复习资料(全英)

1、第一部分 选择题1.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human_.Ca. writing b. speaking c. communication d. reading 2. The study of language as a whole is ofen called_. Ba. applied linguistics b. general linguisticsc. 3. Saussure is a_ lingusit. Ca. American b. Russian c. Swiss4. It is gen

2、erally believed that the beginning of morden lingusitics marked by the publication of the book? course in general linguistics5. Which of the following is not a major branch of lingusitic? Ba. syntax b.speechc. phonology d. pragmatics6. _ deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced?

3、B a. pragmatics b. psycholinguistics c. Anthropological linguistics7. Design features are proposed by the American linguist? Ca. Bloomfield b. Hall c. Hockett d. Harris8. _is not a design feature of human language? Da. Arbitrariness b. displacementc. Duality d. Diachronicity9. Among the following wo

4、rds, _ ends with a voiceless sound? C a. bang b. thud c. crash d. wham10. Among the following words, _does not ends with a voiceless voiced?Aa. splat b. kin c. tell d. bridge11. All the initial sounds of the following words are stops(爆破音) except? C a. Billy b. crazy c. happy d. dizzy12. All the init

5、ial sounds of the following words are fricatives(摩擦音) except? Ba. fine b.write c. shy d. think13. All the initial sounds of the following words are bilabials(双唇音,如b p m) except? B a. belly b. calf c. play d. medicine14. All the following pair words would be treated minimal pairs(最小分别) except? Aa. me

6、alheat b. heatheal c. mealheal d. bellbet15. The word glorification has entered the language by? Aa. derivational process b. add of inflectionsc. coinage d. functional shift16. The word gym is formed by ? Aa. clipping b. coinage c. borrowing17.UNESCO belongs to ? D a. clipped words b. borrowed words

7、 c. blend d. acronyms18. Syntax is the study of ? B a. language functions b. sentence structures c. textual organization19. The word “lcid, child, offspring” are examples of ? B a. dialectal synonyms b. stylistic synonymsc. emotive synonyms d. collocational synonyms20. All the following pairs of wor

8、ds contain the lexical relation of hyponymy(从属关系) except? Ca. automobile vehicle b. father , parentc. magazine, dictionary d. fish, shark21. All the following pairs of words contain the lexical relation of hyponymy except? A a. water , watemelon b. hurricane, storm c. ceremony , wedding d. captain,

9、officer22. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called? Da. hyponymy b. synonymy c. polysemy d. homonymy(同形异义)23. All the following pairs of words contain the lexical relation of hyponymy except? D a. emotion , love b. move, runc. occupation, teaching d. rose, tr

10、ee24. _ are a pair of complementary antonyms(互补反义关系)? Ba. doctor, patient b. absent, present c. old, young d. hot, cold25. _ are a pair of gradable antonyms(等级关系)? Ca. alive, dead b. male, female c. wide, narrow d. vacant, occupied26. _ are a pair of relational antonyms? Aa. let, rent b. single, mar

11、riedc. fail, pass d. appear, diasppear27. _ is best described as polysemy? Ca. The bookstores has some new titles in linguistics. b. Yes, I love those. I ate a whole box on Sunday. c. I had to park on the shoulder of the road.28. Leila: whoa! Has us boss gone crazy? Mary: Lets go get some coffee. In

12、 the conversation, the maxim of _ has been flouted(违背什么原则)? C (1) a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. mannerIn the utterance “Business is business.” The maxim of _ has been flouted? A (2) a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner29. Charlence: I hope you brought the bread and cheese. Dether: Ah

13、. I brought the bread.”In the conversation, the maxim of _ has been flouted? Aa. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner30. In the utterance, “ John runs as fast as a deer.” The maxim of _ has been flouted? B a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner第二部分T or F1 In ancient China, a famous philos

14、opher named XUN ZI reasoned that a name was accepted, through public agreement, and the appropriateness of naming a thing laying convention. T2 Aristotle held that there was a universally correct and acceptable logic of language for man to follow in expressing his ideas. F (Plato)3 A diachronic stat

15、ement is one about a language at one point in time, whereas a synchronic statement is one about a change or changes that took place over a period of time. F (弄反了)4 Language study today is descriptive rather prescriptive. T5 Auditory phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds, the way

16、 sounds travel from the speaker to the hearer. F Articulatory phonetics (production) Acoustic phonetics (transmission)6 Place of articulation English speech sounds can be divided into voiceless and voiced sounds. F ( manner of articulation)7 Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language which

17、can distinguish two words. T (Phoneme is the focus of Phonetics)8 Allophone is the phonetic variant of a phoneme, which can be substituted for another without bringing about a change of meaning. T9 Language of the world can be classified morphologically into 2 types: isolating&inflecting. F( 还有

18、agglutinating)10 Todays English is more similar to an isolating language. T11 Words can have 2 kinds of meanings: denotative(字面) and connotative. Connotative meaning includes all the feelings, associations and emotions that a word touches off in different type. T12 According to Austin, illocutionary

19、 act refers to the basic literal meaning of the utterance which is conveyed by particular words and structures which the utterance contains. F (locutionary)13 The cooperative principle holds that people in conversation normally cooperate with one another, and that they assume that the others are coo

20、perating to a maximum extent. T14 The uss of conversational maxims to imply meaning during conversation is called conversational implicative. T第三部分1 what determines whether a string of words in language is language is a sentence or simply a string of un related words-syntax (句子如何组成合法句)2 how do peopl

21、e use language within a context -pragmatics3 what are words like? morphology4what are speech sounds? What is their physical nature?phonetics (孤立研究詞,句意義)5 how do sounds behave in languages? phonology6 why does one set of words mean one thing and a similar set mean something very different?semeics 語義學

22、,特定語境下的意義7 when do two different sentences mean the same thing? How can one sentence mean more than one thing? -pragmatics 語境(同距在不同地方有不同意義)8 How similar are the process of listening and reading ?Psycholinguistics (comprehension production , mental process through 語言習得acquisition)9 What are the major feature of the English language as it is used by women native speakers?sociolinguistics10 How do we decide what is a dialect or accent and what is a language?sociolinguistics11 (comprehension) What mechanisms ope