跨文化交际复习最新版本

1、1. A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。2. Ma ny hands make light work 人多好办事。3. Don t put off until tomorrow what you can do toda今日事，今日毕。4. Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕 / 一石二鸟。5. Haste makes waste欲 速则不达。6. Where there s smoke there 无风不起浪。7. The grass is always gree ner on the other side of the s

2、tc这Ml 望着那山高。8. Beauty is only skin deep美 貌是肤浅的。9. Spare the rod and spoil the chile玉 不琢，不成器。10. Give a pers on a dose of his own medici n 以其人之道还治其人之身。11. Frank s advice is like good hemrbeadlicine: hard to take, but ultimately beneficial.良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。12. Eve n the dog swaggers whe n its master wi

3、 ns favor.人得道，鸡犬升天。13. You can t have your cake and eat 鱼与熊掌不可兼得。14. Speak the devil (and he will appear).曹操，曹操到。15. The same knife cuts bread and fin ger水 能载舟，亦能覆舟。16. Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧。17. Beat the dog before the lio n 杀鸡儆猴。18. Man proposes, God disposes谋事在人，成事在天。19. Everybody s bus in ess i

4、s n obody三个和尚无水喝。20. Ma ny kiss the baby for the nurse醉翁之意不在酒且21. Don t count the chicken before they are hatch不要盲目乐观。22. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit .吃一堑，长一智。23. Love me, love my dog 爱屋及乌。24. Facts speak louder tha n words事 实胜于雄辩。25. Misfort unes n ever come alone祸不单行。Case study oneIf i

5、n the dining hall, a fly was seen in a glass of beer, an Englishman would say,have another, please? ” ; a Frenchman would pour a beer out; a Spanish man would putthe money on the table and leave without a word; a Japa nesewould sum mon theman ager an obriticize,“ Do you do all your bus in ess like t

6、his?” ; an Arab wouldbeer to the waiter and say,“I ll buy you a drink.” ; and the more humorouswould say to the waiter,“ Please serve the fly and beer separately.”Questio n: What do their differe nt react ions toward a fly in a beer reflect?An swer: The case above shows that social in teract ions ma

7、y vary greatly owi ng todifferent cultural backgrounds In this case, people s different reactions toward a fly ina beer reveal not only their in dividual pers on ality but also the orie ntatio n of theirn ati on s main stream culture, e.g. the En glisheriousn essthe Frencharrogance,the Spanishgenero

8、sity,the Japanese cfiti6al approach the Arab sarcasm andthe America n humor.Case study twoBart Rapson had brought his family to the Philippines on a job assignmentfor amult in ati onal corporati on. Since the Philipp ines is largely Catholic, it was easy for Bart toplace his 7-year-old daughter in a

9、 Sundayschool classthat would prepare her for herFirst Communion（首次领圣餐仪式）.As the day approached, Bart planned for anafter-church party, in vit ing colleagues and their families from work.Manuel, one Filipino colleague, to whom Bart felt especiallyclose, kept putting off anan swer to Bart s in vitati

10、 on, say ing n either“ yes ” or “ no ” . Fin ally Bart sawife n eeds to know how many people to cook for.” Still not giving a yes or no an sweManu el later called and said that he would be atte nding a differe nt party that would be atte nded by other Filip inos.Bart was quite upset. He complained,

11、“If this is supposedlya Catholic country, why would they not place a value on this? Why would he turn dow n a on ce-i n-lifetime gathering, my daughter s First Communion, to go to a party with friends he admits tosee ing all the time?” After the party, Bart was merely cordg-tloeMeweee noIon ger any

12、in dicati ons of frie ndli ness.Ma nuel was puzzled, and had no idea what the problem was.Question: If you were the director and chosen to mediate （调解）this situation, what would you do to ensure not to offend either party? How would you explain Bart s behavior to Manuel? How would you explain Manuel

13、 s to Bart?An swer: For America ns, knowing how many people will atte nd a gatheri ng is one of the key priorities, as it helps the host to prepare properly. However, to Filip in os, the number of guests is n ot very importa nt, they usually prepare more food tha n eno ugh and would not mind if ther

14、e were leftovers. As well, Filip inos prefer to be together with people they know well. In addition, in the Philippines, the First Communion is not as important as the party that follows. The main problem in this case is Manuel ignorance of America n customs. He did not realize that America ns pay g

15、reat atte nti on to importa ntsocial gatheri ngs, especially whe n their childre n are invo Ived.Case threeIt is said that in Rome, in front of a shoe store, there was such a sign to attractEnglish-speaking customers: Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit. The sign caught the attention of

16、 many English-speakingtourists, but not to look at the shoes displayed in the win dows, but to read the sig n and the n break out into laughter.Question: Why did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder?Case analysisT he problem resulted from he misunderstanding of the idioms“ a streetwalker ”and

17、“ to have a fit ” They are almost impossible to understand from the meanings of the in dividual word. In this case, the Italia n shop owner did not realize that“ a street walker ” means a prostitute, while“ to have a fit ” does not me；try, but to become sudde nly and viole ntly angry or upset. No wo

18、n der the amuseme nt and laughter! Case fourMark had rece ntly moved from Denmark to Sydney to work as a salespers on for a large Australian company. After three weeks, he was invited to join a local club. During the first few weeks at the club, Mark would either sta nd in the corner talki ng with s

19、ome one or sit on a sofa listening to other people talk and chat. As time went by, he came to know most of the club members and seemedto enjoy talking with them. One day, at an eve ning party, one of the female members approached him. Mark immediately showed his interest by talking about the atmosph

20、ere of the party. At first, the conversation between them seemed to go quite smoothly, but as it progressed, the lady seemed to stepfurther and further away from Mark as he had bee n gradually movi ng closer to her. The lady obviously seemed un comfortable. As Mark was about to ask her questi ons re

21、gardi ng Australia n social customs, ano ther man sta nding n earby directed a gla nee toward the lady. She excusedherself and went to talk with that man, leav ing Mark sta nding alone and won deri ng why their conv ersati on had come to such a sudde n stop.Questio n: Why did that woma n sudde nly s

22、top talk ing with Mark and tur ned to ano ther man?Case an alysisT his is a typical case of misun dersta nding caused by differe nt percepti ons about body dista nee. There is a lot of evide nee to show that body dista nee varies with differe nt people, differe nt circumsta nces, and differe nt cult

23、ures. In Denm ark, at a formal event, the intimate space is usually between 20 to 30 centimeters; while in Australia, such an occasi on requires a body dista nee of 40 to 50 cen timeters. Therefore, whe n a Dane talks with an Australia n, the problem arises: the Dane is accustomed to a close dista n

24、ee while the Australian is comfortable with a great distanee. In this case, Mark, by trying to establish his normal intimate space, infringed on the Australian ladyof sthis, she felt somewhat threate ned and lost her sense of comfort. At that mome nt, the n earby man offered her the opport un ity to

25、 excuse herself from Mark. If Mark had had some kno wledge about the expected pers onal space for Australia ns, the eneoun ter might have bee n totally differe nt.Case fiveKatheri ne cameto Beiji ng in 1998 and found a job as an En glish teacher in a foreignIanguage institute. Soon after her classes

26、 began, she found that her students showed noin terest in her teachi ng style. Quite a few of them avoided atte nding her class. She wasfeeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang, for help. Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggestedthey meet at ten o cloc

27、k on Thursday morning. When Thursday cam, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang s office atthe exactly ten o clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing thatshe had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excusedhimself and con ti nu

28、ed to talk with the other teacher. After five minu tes, he fini shed his con versati on, and apologized to Katheri ne, and bega n to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teach

29、er in terrupted, with a form that required the Directorsis nature.The Director smiled,apologized to Katheri ne aga in, and turned to talk with the Chin ese teacher in Chin ese.Katheri ne became impatie nt, and won dered why their discussi on should be in terrupted since she had made an appo in tme n

30、t. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was appare ntly un happy about what had happe ned.Questi ons: How would you expla in the Directorbehavior toward Katheri ne? Howwould you make the Director un dersta nd why

31、Katheri ne felt frustrated and an gry?Case analysisT his is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great differenee in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To America ns, an appo in tme nt is a con firmati on to meet at a precise tim

32、e. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time. Forexample, if a professor makes an appointment with a student at a certain time, it shouldnot be interrupted by other things or people. In addition. Westerners are good timekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedule

33、s. However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitme nts. This differe nee in attitudes toward appointment was the root of Katherineuishappiness.Since theDirector made a ten o clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any in terrupti on. However

34、, whe n Katheri ne arrived on time, the Director was still talki ng with ano ther teacher. Whe n their meeti ng fin ally bega n, it was in terrupted aga in. There is no won der Katheri ne became frustrated and an gry.Case sixIn 1987, a delegationconsisting of four Chinese English experts went to Pin

35、gyong Foreign Language University to train faculty to be top-level simultaneous interpreters for the 13th International Youth Festival. Of the four experts, two were men and two were wome n. The two men were dressed in suits with ties and the two wome n were typically dressed in trousers and their t

36、ypical bus in essclothes. An authority from Pingyong Foreig n Lan guage Un iversity and two Korea n in terpreters greeted them at the Pingyong Railway Station. Surprisingly, while exchanging a few formal remarks, the two in terpreters eyes con sta ntly observed the two Chin ese female teachersyoun g

37、er teacher, sen sedometh ing and repeatedly checkedheir trousers and shoes to see if they were dirty or marked. About half an hour later, they arrived at the hotel where they would be staying during their mission. The two interpreters showed each of them to their rooms to give them an opport unity t

38、o freshe n up before the formal in troducti ons.In a couple of minutes, the four Chinese teachers gathered in one of the rooms, where the head of the uni versity and the two in terpreters in troduced themselvesfurther and briefed them on the training program. While talking, the two interpreters seem

39、edto con ti nue to study the two female teachers trousers. At first, they thought that the Korea n in terpreters were too embarrassed to look straight in the eye of a woma n. Later this assumptio n was proved wrong. The four Chin ese teachersrema ined a bit puzzled and didn t know what was going onQ

40、uestio n: Why did the two Korea n in terpreters con ti nue to study the Chi nesefemale teachers trousers?Case an alysisT he con flict of the case invo Ives a misun dersta nding of what is and is not appropriate clothing to wear in the situation given. In Korea, a woman with social status will gen er

41、ally wear dress or skirt. Very few wome n wear trousers. Although people might see some wome n weari ng trousers, they are gen erallycom mon citize ns of low social status. It is rare to find women of high social status, e.g. government officials, wearing trousers. Females in high school or universi

42、ty all wear skirts with few exceptionsThe Korea n in terpreters assumedthat the Chin ese female college teachersheld high social status and should therefore wear skirts. This is why they continued to look at the two Chinese women s trousers.? Questi ons and an swers:1. What is culture?Culture is the

43、 total accumulati on of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, in stituti ons and com muni cati on patter ns that are shared, lear ned and passeddow n through thegenerations in an identifiable group of people.2. What is communication?Communication is a process in which people attempt to sharetheir internal states with other people through the use of