电路原理及电工学常用专业英文词汇

1、电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of P“rinciples of Electric Circuits ”电路electrical circuit电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电位差potential difference电动势electromotive force功率power能量energy电阻resistor / resistance电导conductor / conductance电感inductor / inductance电容capacitor / capacitance欧姆定律Ohm' s Law广义欧姆定

2、律generalized Ohm '参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极negative polarity理想独立电压源s LawChapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuitsideal independent voltage source 理想独立电流源ideal independent current source 理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source 压控电压源voltage controll

3、ed voltage source(VCVS) 压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS) 流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS) 流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff ' s Law基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff's Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff's Voltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed bound

4、ary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resicircuits串联series connection分压voltage divisio

5、n并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resistanceY- 变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix行row列

6、column4 -IV.1参考节点reference node平面电路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则Cramer's rule代入法substitution method运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端noninverting input反向输入端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resis

7、tance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放大noninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustained oscillation21Chapter 4 叠加原理 输入 /激励 输出 /响应 线性电路 代数和 替代定理 戴维南定理 诺顿定理 二端网络 开路电压 短路电流 特勒根定理 功率

8、平衡定理 互易定理 对偶原理 对偶元件 对偶图Chapter 5 非线性电路 非线性元件 压控电阻 流控电阻 静态电阻 动态电阻 小信号分析 小信号模型 分段线性化法 数值解法 Chapter 6 一阶电路 一阶微分方程 过渡过程 线性时不变电路 单位阶跃函数 单位脉冲函数 单位斜坡函数 起始条件 起始值 零输入响应 零状态响应 稳态响应 暂态响应 时间常数 指数函数 阶跃响应 冲激响应 自由响应 强迫响应 全响应 稳态值Circuit Theorems superposition principle input / excitation output / response linear ci

9、rcuit algebraic sum substitution principle Thevenin 's Theorem Norton ' s Theorem two-terminal circuit open-circuit voltage short-circuit current Tellegen TheoremPower-balancing Theorem reciprocal theorem principle of duality dual element dual graphNonlinear Circuit nonlinear circuit nonline

10、ar element voltage-controlled resistor current-controlled resistor static resistance dynamic resistance small-signal analysis small-signal modal piece-wise linear mthod numerical analysisFirst-order Circuitfirst-order circuit first-order differential equation transient process linear time-invariable

11、 circuit unit step function unit pulse function unit ramp function initial condition initial value zero-input response zero-state response steady-state response transient response time constant exponential function step response impulse response natural response forced response complete response fin

12、al value卷积积分 时域延迟 换路 跳变现象 脉冲持续时间 脉冲重复周期convolution integrationtime delayswitchingjump phenomenonpulse duration repeating period of pulseChapter 7 Second-order Circuit 二阶电路 second-order circuit 齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation 常系数微分方程characteristic equation characteristic root eigenvalue eigen

13、vector particular solution general solution natural frequency damping factor resonant frequency / undamped natural frequency overdamped case underdamped case critically damped caseconstant coefficients equation 特征方程 特征根 特征值 特征向量 特解 通解 自然频率 衰减系数 谐振角频率 过阻尼情况 欠阻尼情况 临界情况衰减振荡 无损 正弦响应 波形 实数 复数 衰减固有振荡角频率da

14、mping frequency / damped natural frequencydamped oscillation lossless sinusoidal response waveform real complex attenuation幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effec

15、tive valueroot-mean-square valueu 领先 i0 u leads i by $u 落后 i0 u lags i by $同相in phase反相opposite in phaseChapter 8Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis实部real part虚部imaginary part直角坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor电压三角形voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous powe

16、r平均功率average power阻抗impedance导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum P

17、ower Transfer Theorem 功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配共轭匹配impedance matching conjugate matchingChapter 9Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transfor

18、mer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合变压器unity-coupled transform变比turns ratio / transformation ra自耦合变压器 多绕组变压器 右螺旋定则 同名端漏感auto-transformermultiple-winding transformer right-handed screw rule dotted terminal

19、terminals of same magnetic polarity leakage inductanceChapter 10Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11Frequency Response复频率complex freq

20、uency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-

21、reject / notch filterChapter 12Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流 线电流phase curre

22、nt line currentSteady-State Response of Periodic Excitation 周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation 三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series 指数形式的付里叶级数 exponential Fourier series 付里叶系数 基波 基波频率 谐波 高次谐波 频谱 谱线 线状频谱 奇次 偶次 奇对称 偶对称 半波对称 帕斯瓦尔定理Chapter 13Fourier coefficient fundamental harmonic fundamental

23、frequency harmonic wave higher harmonic frequency spectrum spectrum line line spectrum odd even odd symmetry even symmetry half-wave symmetryParseval ' s theoremChapter 14付里叶变换 拉普拉斯变换 原函数 象函数 积分变换 频域 幅度谱 相位谱 矩形脉冲 线性性质 时域微分 时域积分 时域平移 频域平移拉普拉斯反变换 拉普拉斯变换对Fourier Transformation and Laplace Transform

24、ation Fourier transformationLaplace transformation original function transform function integral transformation frequency domain amplitude spectrum phase spectrum rectangular pulse linearity time differentiation time integration time shift frequency shiftinverse Laplace transformation Laplace pairsC

25、hapter 15 端口 二端口网络 四端网络Z 参数Y 参数Two-port Networks port two-port network four-terminal network / quadripole impedance parameters admittance parametersH 参数Hybrid parametersT 参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point（二端口 ）级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constantChapter 16Basis of Network Graph Theo

26、ry图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix 基本割集矩阵unit matrix transposed matrix positive definite matrix nonsingular matrix inverse matrix square matrix

27、zero matrix determinantfundamental cut set matrix 单位阵 转置阵 正定矩阵 非奇异矩阵 逆矩阵 方阵 零矩阵 行列式state variable state equation state space column vector characteristic value characteristic vector characteristic equation similar matrixChapter 17 State Variables Approach 状态变量 状态方程 状态空间 列向量 特征值 特征向量 特征方程 相似矩阵Chapter

28、 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits 非线性时变电路nonlinear time-varying circuit自治电路非自治电路前向欧拉法forward Eular 's method后向欧拉法 相平面backward Eular' s method状态平面相轨线中心点state planar焦点八、八、节点鞍点平衡点稳定性 渐近稳定stability asymptotic stabilityChapter 19Distributed Circuits分布参数电路distributed circuit传输线transmission line均匀传输线u

29、niform transmission line反射reflection透射transmission波长wave length波速wave speed行波traveling wave驻波standing wave正向行波direct wave反向行波returning wave波阻抗wave impedance波前wave front传播常数propagation constantAppendix Magnetic Circuit磁路magnetic circuit铁磁物质ferromagnetic substance磁导率magnetic permeability磁感应强度magnetic

30、induction磁通magnetic flux磁链magnetic linkage磁通势magnetomotive force磁通密度magnetic flux density磁通连续性定理principle of continuity of magnetic flux磁场强度magnetic flux intensity磁阻reluctance磁导permeance安培环路定理principle of Ampere loop circuit磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞hysteresis涡流eddy current涡流损失eddy

31、 current loss集肤效应skin effect漏磁通leakage flux磁饱和magnetic saturation电磁感应定律law of electromagnetic induction励磁电流exciting current中英名词对照表一阶电路 first-order circuit电荷 electric chargeV 形曲线 V curve电场 electric field三相电路 three-phase circuit电场强度 electric field intensity三相功率 three-phase power电位 electric potential三相

32、三线制 three-phase three-wire system电位差 electric potential difference三相四线制 three-phase four-wire system电位升 potential rise三相变压器 three-phase transformer电位降 potential drop三角形联接 trianular connection电位计 potentiometer三角波 triangular wave电压 voltage三相异步电动机three-phase induction motor电压三角形 voltage triangle支路 bran

33、ch电动势 electromotive force （ emf）支路电流法 branch current method电源 source中性点 neutral point电压源 voltage source中性线 neutral conductor电流源 current source中央处理器 centre processing unit（ CPU）电路 circuit互感 mutual inductance电路分析 circuit analysis介电常数 permittivity of the dielectric电路元件 circuit element瓦特 Watt电路模型 circui

34、t model功率表 powermeter电流 current无功功率 reactive power电流密度 current density韦伯 Weber电流互感器 current transformer反电动势 counter emf电阻 resistance反相 opposite in phase电阻器 resistor反馈控制 feedback control电阻性电路 resistive circuit方框图 block diagram电阻率 resistivity开路 open circuit电导 conductance开关 switch电导率 conductivity水轮发电机

35、water-wheel generator电容 capacitance功 work电容器 capacitor功率 power电容性电路 capacitive circuit功率因数 power factor电感 inductance功率三角形 power triangle电感器 inductor功率角 power angle电感性电路 inductive circuit电能 electric energy电桥 bridge电机 electric machine自动控制 automatic control电磁转矩 electromagnetic torque自动调节 automatic regu

36、lation电角度 electrical degree自锁self-locking电枢 armature负极negative pole电枢反应armature reaction负载load电工测量electrical measurement负载线load line电磁式仪表electromagnetic instrument负反馈negative feedback电动式仪表electrodynamic instrument动态电阻 dynamic resistance平均值 average value并联 parallel connection平均功率 average power并联谐振par

37、allel resonance正极 positive pole并励发电机shunt d-c generator正方向 positive direction并励电动机shunt d-c motor正弦量 sinusoid并励绕组shunt field vending正弦电流 sinusoidal current同步发电机synchronous generator结点 node同步电动机synchronous motor结点电压法 node voltage method同步转速synchronous speed对称三相电路 symmetrical three-phase circuit同相 in

38、phase主磁通main flux机械特性 torque-speed characteristic外特性external characteristic过励 overexcitation发送机transmitter执行元件servo-unit他励发电机 separately excited generator传递函数transfer function可编程控制器 programmable controller （ PLC）传感器transducer安培 Ampere闭环控制closed loop control电流表currenter回路loop安匝ampere-turns网络network伏特

39、Volt导体conductor电压表valeage导纳admittance伏安特性曲线 volt-ampere characteristic阶跃电压 step voltage有效值effective value全电流定律 law of total current有功功率active power全响应 complete response交流电路alternating current circuit （a-ccircuit）麦克斯韦 Maxwell交流电机alternating-current machine基尔 霍失电 流定律 Kirchhof f's current law自感 sel

40、f-inductanceKCL ）自感电动势self-induced emf基尔霍失电压定律 Kirchhof 's voltage law（ KVL ）自耦变压器autotransformer库仑Coulomb自励发电机self-excited generator亨利Henry自整角机selsyns角频率angular frequency周期 period串联 series connection串联谐振 series resonance 参考电位 reference potential参数 parameter串励绕组 series field winding阻抗 impedance视

41、在功率 apparent power阻抗三角形 impedance triangle定子 stator阻转矩 counter torque转子 rotor初相位 initial phase转子电流 rotor current时间常数 time constant转差率 slip时域分析 time domain analysis转速 speed时间继电器 time-delay relay转矩 torque励磁电流 exciting current 组合开关 switchgroup制动 braking励磁机 exciter励磁绕组 field winding 单相异步电动机 single-phase

42、 induction motor励磁电流 exciting current相 phase励磁变阻器 field rheostat相电压phase voltage两相异步电动机 two-phase induction motor相电流phase current两功率表法 two-powermeter method相位差phase difference伺服电动机 servomotor相位角phase angle步进电动机 stepping motor相序 phase sequence相量 phasor步距角 stepangle汽轮发电机 turboalternator 相量图 phasor dia

43、gram直流电路 direct current circuit (d-c cir-cuit)响应 response直流电机 direct-current machine星形联接 star connection法拉 Farad复数 complex number空载 no-load阻抗 impedance空载特性 open-circuit characteristic导纳 admittance空气隙 air gap复励发电机 compound d-c generator非线性电阻 nonlinear resistance欧姆 Ohm非正弦周期电流 nonsinusoidal periodic欧姆定

44、律 Ohm's law受控电源 controlled source 等效电路 equivalent circuit变压器 transformer品质因数 quality factor变比 ration of transformation绝缘 insulation变阻器 rheostat绝缘体 insulator线电压 line voltage显极转子 salient poles rotor线电流 line current测速发电机 tachometer generator线圈 coil绕组 winding线性电阻 linear resistance 绕线式转子 wound rotor起

45、动 starting接触器 contactor起动电流 starting current控制电动机 control motor起动转矩 starting torque控制电路 control circuit起动按钮 start button旋转磁场 rotating magnetic field容抗 capacitive reactance隐极转子 nonsalient poles rotor容纳 capacitive susceptance涡流 eddy current诺顿定理 Norton's theorem涡流损耗 eddy-current loss高斯 Gauss焦耳 Joul

46、e原动机 prime mover奥斯特 Oersted原绕组 primary winding短路 short circuit铁心 core锯齿波 sawtooth wave铁损 core loss幅值 amplitude矩形波 rectangular wave最大值 maximum value特征方程 characteristic equation最大转矩 maximum ( breakdown ) torque积分电路 integrating circuit滞后 lag效率 efficiency超前 leadF 、. |-T1 Lt r /rr/ 、r< /.振荡放电 oscill t

47、ory discharge傅里叶级数Fourier series继电器 relay暂态 transient state热继电器 thermal overload relay ( OLR )暂态分量 transient component换向器 commutator等幅振荡 unattenuated oscillation调节特性 regulating characteristic联锁 interlocking调速 speed regulation感抗 inductive reactance继电接触器控制 relay-contactor control感纳 inductive susceptan

48、ce副绕组 secondary winding感应电动势 induced emf铜损 copper loss楞次定则 Lenz's law基波 fundamental harmonic频率 frequency谐波 harmonic频域分析 frequency domain analysis谐振频率 resonant frequency频谱 spectrum通频带 bandwidth输入 input理想电压源 ideal voltage source输出 output理想电流源 ideal current source微法 microfarad减幅振荡 attenuated oscill

49、ation微分电路 differentiating circuit常开触点 normally open contact叠加原理 superposition theorem常闭触点 normally closed contact零状态响应 zero-state response停止 stopping零输入响应 zero-input response停止按钮 stop button罩极式电动机 shaded-pole motor接收机 receiver滑环 slip ring鼠笼式转子 squirrel-cage rotor 截止角频率 cutoff angular frequency 滤波器 f

50、ilters 磁场 magnetic field 磁场强度 magnetizing farce 磁路 magnetic circuit 磁通 flux 磁感应强度 flux density 磁通势 magnetomotive force （mmf ） 磁阻 reluctance 磁导率 permeability 磁化 magnetization 磁化曲线 magnetization curve 磁滞 hysteresis 磁滞回线 hysteresis loop 磁滞损耗 hysteresis loss 磁极 pol 磁电式仪表 magnetoelectric instrument 漏磁通 l

51、eakage flux 漏磁电感 leakage inductance 漏磁电动势 leakage emf 赫兹 Hertz 稳态 steady state 稳态分量 steady state component 静态电阻 static resistance 碳刷 carbon brush 额定值 rated value 额定 rated voltage 额定功率 rated power 额定转矩 tated torque 瞬时值 instantaneous value 戴维宁定理 Thevenin's theorem 激励 excitation 满载 full load 槽 fuse

52、 熔断器 fuse二 十 进 制 system（BCD ）三画RC selection frequencyrise edgefall edge 四画block diagrambackward resistance backward bias reverse breakdownvoltage amplifiervoltage gainvoltage comparator master-slave flip-floppower amplifiergiant transistor（GTR） forward resistance forward bias正反馈 positive feedback正弦波

53、振荡器 sinusoidal oscillator 正逻辑 positive logic 击穿 breakdown占空比 duty ratioadder电工学下 中英名词对照表 二画 PN 结 PN junction P 型半导体 P-type semiconductor JK 触发器 JK flip-flop D 触发器 D flip-flop 二极管 diode 二进制 binary system 二进制计数器 binary counter 十进制 decimal system 十进制计数器 decimal counter binary coded decimalRC 选频 网络 networkRS 触发器 RS flip-flopN 型半导体 N-type semiconductor N 沟道 N-channel 门电路 gate circuit 三态逻辑门 tri-state logic gate 三相整流器 three-phase rectifier 工作点 opera