商务英语term

1、1. Customs area关税区:2. Conversion货币兑换3. Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4. Invisible trade无形贸易:

2、The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5. FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets

3、 in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6. Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the mon

4、ey lent or invested together with interest.9. Maturity（票据等）到期10. Certificate of deposit大额存单11. Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, an

5、d can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12. Franchising特许经营: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark商标14. Patent专利15. Royalty专利（许可

6、）使用费，版税16. Copyright版权17. Licenser许可方18. Licensee被许可方 19. Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract管理合同: Under a management

7、 contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain价值链1. Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign pu

8、rchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.2. BOT建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer3. Expertise专门知识4. Bonus红利、奖金、津贴5. Royalty 许可使用费6. International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to

9、another.7. Contract manufacturing承包生产8. GATT关贸总协定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade9. International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.10.

10、 Intellectual property知识产权11. Oil deposit: 石油储备 = oil reserves12. the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备13. Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。1. GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an econo

11、my.2. GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. National income国民收入4. Per capita income人均收入5. Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average incom

12、e level of consumers.6. PPP购买力平价: Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism消费主义8. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra structure基础设施10. Staple goods大路货11. Invoice （开）发票12. Creditor country债权国13. OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织: Organization for Economic Coopera

13、tion and Development.14. The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体，独立国家联合体15. ASEAN 东盟，东南亚国家联盟: Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16. NIEs（亚洲四小虎）: Newly Industrialized Economies17. Factors of production生产要素18. while still adopts each own external policy19. Customs union关税同盟: The members remo

14、ve barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy20. Share holders股东21. Economic globalization经济全球化22. Board of directors董事会23. Inputs投入24. Services服务25. Primary commodities初级产品26. Specialization专业化: To restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields.27. Absolut

15、e advantage绝对利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)28. Comparative advantage比较利益: It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute dis

16、advantage in production both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.29. Capital资本30. Land and labor土地和劳动力31. International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.32. Farm produce农产品33. Scarce resource

17、s 稀缺资源34. Tariff关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.35. Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.36. Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an

18、area37. Export duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area38. Ad valorem duty从价税: 39. Specific duty从量税40. Compound duties复税、混合关税41. Drawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.42. Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under whi

19、ch a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country43. Tariff schedule税率表、税则44. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒45. GSP普惠制: Generalized system of preferences.46. Reasonable costs合理的成本47. Customs area关税区48. Customs union关税同盟49. Tariff barriers 关税壁垒

20、: The traditional protectionism measure50. Deal交易51. Trade terms贸易术语、交易条件52. Trade practices贸易惯例53. Negotiable（票据、证券等）可转让的、可流通的54. EDI电子数据交换: Electronic Date Interchange55. Customs clearance清关、结关56. Dispatch发运、发送57. ICC国际商会: International Chamber of Commerce58. Roll on-roll off滚装滚卸的59. Incoterms国际贸易

21、术语解释通则: It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.60. Negotiable transport doc

22、uments可转让的装运单据=Transferable transport documents61. EXW工厂交货: Ex Work62. FCA货交承运人: Free Carrier63. FAS装运港船边交货: Free Alongside Ship64. FOB装运港船上交货: Free On Board65. CFR成本加运费: Cost and Freight66. CIF成本、保险费加运费: Cost, Insurance and Freight67. CPT运费付至: Carriage Paid To68. CIP运费、保险费付至: Carriage and Insurance

23、 Paid To69. DAF边境交货: Delivered At Frontier70. DES目的港船上交货: Delivered Ex Ship71. DEQ目的港码头交货: Delivered Ex Quay72. DDU未完税交货: Delivered Duty Unpaid73. DDP完税后交货: Delivered Duty Paid74. UCP (the Uniform customs and Practice for documentary credit)跟单信用证统一惯例75. Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buye

24、rs to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.76. Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will cost77. Validity period有效期78. Offer发盘、出价1. Counter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offer

25、er2. Offeree收盘人3. Sales (purchase) contract销售（采购）合同4. Sales (purchase) confirmation销售（采购）确认书5. Consignment寄售6. Contraction parties缔约方7. Arbitration仲裁8. Business line业务范围、经营范围9. Contract proper合同本身、合同正文10. Article number货号11. A first enquiry首次询价: An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has n

26、ever dealt with12. A contract一个合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties13. A firm offer 一个实盘: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.14. Trade fairs 商品交易会15. Executed contract已履行的合同16. Executory contract待履行的合同17. Dispute s

27、ettlement合同争议的解决18. Law suit诉讼= Legal action, Litigation19. Counter trade对销贸易、反向贸易20. Hyperinflation极度通货膨胀21. Reichsbank德国国家银行22. Cross-border contract进出口合同23. Protectionism贸易保护注意24. Financial market金融市场25. Clearing system清算系统、清算制度26. Net positions实际头寸27. Compensation trade补偿贸易28. Trade credit accou

28、nts贸易信贷往来账户29. Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.30. Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services fr

29、om the importer or importing country.31. Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.1. Vertical竖式地、涉及生产销售全过程的2. Centrally planned economies中央计划经济国家3. competitive devaluation竞争性贬值4. V

30、olkswagen大众汽车公司5. Xerox Corporation施乐公司6. Processing trade加工贸易7. Consignment寄售8. Leasing trade租赁贸易9. Auction拍卖10. Agency代理11. Money market货币市场12. Discount market贴现市场13. Capital market资本市场14. Securities market有价证券市场15. Stock Exchange证券交易所16. Foreign exchange market外汇市场17. Gold market黄金市场18. EPU欧洲支付联盟

31、: European Payment Union19. Trade credit accounts贸易信贷往来账户20. Foreign exchange shortages外汇短缺21. Policy objective政策目标22. Debtor债务人23. Debit借方24. Financial standing财务状况= financial status = financial strength25. Credit worthiness资信可靠状况26. Periodic payments分阶段付款27. Cash in advance预付现金28. Draft汇票:= Bill o

32、f exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.29. Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)30. Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.31. Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving

33、 the payment.32. Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.33. Usance draft远期汇票=Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.34. Clean draft光票: The draft without documents35. Documentary draft跟单汇票: The draft i

34、s accompanied by the relevant documents.36. Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.37. Open account记账交易38.

35、D/P付款交单: Documents against payment39. D/A承兑交单: Documents against acceptance40. D/P at sight 即期付款交单41. D/P after sight 远期付款交单42. Title to the goods货物所有权43. Ownership to the goods货物所有权44. Insurance policy保险单45. Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trus

36、t each other46. Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)47. Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit48. Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened49. Correspondent band往来行、关系行:

37、The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it50. Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporters country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.51. Amendment修改52. Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.53. Reimburse偿付54. Unit price单价

38、55. Partial shipment分批装运56. Transshipment转运57. The uniform customs and practice of documentary credits跟单信用证统一惯例58. In favor of 以为受益人的59. The carrying vessel载货船只60. The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to p

39、ay upon presentation of the relevant documents.61. Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.62. Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the exporters draft submitted to it under a credit.63. Clean credit光票信用证: The credits only require clean draft.64. Non-trade settlement非贸易结算65

40、. Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.66. Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.67. Maturity到期，满期68. Nationalize国有化69. Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The cr

41、edit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank70. Leading bank (Prime bank, First rate bank)主要银行71. Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank.72. Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远

42、期信用证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.73. Capital turnover资金周转74. Face value面值75. Transferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.76. Non-transferable credit不可

43、转让信用证: The credit can not be transferred.77. Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.78. Discount折扣79. Deferred payment延期付款80. Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount c

44、an be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.81. Insolvent无支付能力的82. The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.83. A particular transaction一笔特定的交易84. Documents单据85. Documentation单据的制作或使用86. Take

45、delivery of提（货）87. Commission佣金88. Discount折扣89. Shipping marks唛头、运输标记90. Bill of lading提（货）单91. Carrier承运人: The shipping company92. Shipper货主、托运人、发货人93. Consignor托运人94. Carriage运输，运费95. Consignee收货人96. Notify party到货通知人、被通知人97. Payable应支付的、可支付的98. Airway bill空运（提）单99. Railway bill收货单（铁路）100. Insura

46、nce policy保险单（大保单）101. Insurance certificate保险单（小保单）102. Cargo receipt铁路运单、货运收据103. Commercial invoice商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The contents: Invoice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the

47、seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the commodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and commission and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature

48、of the exporter.104. Legal holder合法持有人105. Customs invoice海关发票106. Consular invoice领事发票107. Consular visa领事签证108. Shipping advice装船通知109. Certificate of quality品质证书110. Certificate of weight重量证书111. Certificate of quantity数量证书112. Certificate of health健康证书113. Certificate of disinfection消毒证书114. Cer

49、tificate of origin产地证书115. Veterinary certificate兽医证书116. Packing list装箱单: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.117. Straight b

50、ill of lading记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.118. Port of shipment发货港、装运港、起运港119. Finished products制成品120. Deregulation放松管制121. Productivity生产率122. Cost economies节约成本、成本节约123. Intermediate products中间产品、半成品124. Natural pro

51、duct province自然产品领域125. Inventory存货、库存126. Logistics物流127. Just-in-time inventory system零库存128. Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.129. Contract

52、carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).130. Private carrier自有承运人131. Representative carriers代表性的运载工具132. Production approach生产方式133. Transportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输: In broad sense, transportation is

53、defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.134. Carrier承运人135. Shipper托运人

54、= Consigner136. Consignee收货人137. Insured被保险人，保户: The person who transfer risk.138. Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).139. Claim索赔140. Client客户，主顾141. Margin保证金142. Draw提取，支取143. Jeopardy危险，风险144. Literature文献，说明书145. Underwriter保险公司146. Know

55、n premium已知的保险费147. Pool统筹的资金，共同的款项148. Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.149. Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their car

56、goes.150. Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.151. Values exposed to loss损失的价值152. Release of funds腾出资金153. Broker经纪人154. Port of origin始发港155. Voidable无效的156. I

57、ndemnity赔偿原则: It holds that a contract of insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.157. Ruin破产158. Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it. (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation, but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect.)159. Terms of sale价格条件、买卖条款160. All Risks全险、一切险、综合险161. Principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原则：The people who decide what premium is fair for a