新编大学英语第一册Unit 1 课件（浙大版）

1、Personal Relationships“Life is yours to win:Learn the rules, play the game, and to win the prize.Bob EubanksPersonal Relationships Background Information A Story Talking in Pairs Appreciation and Group DiscussionFriendship We Need Friends Video ClipProverbs and Sayings Background Information All of

2、us are involved in personal relationships. Some of these are related to family, some with fellow students or workers, and others of a variety of types. Most of these are happy, positive relationships, but not all of them. To have a positive relationship a person must invest time and interest in the

3、other persons with whom he is associated. We all understand that our feelings and interest in other persons depend somewhat on what we have in common. Good relationships are usually valued because people who have good relationships are happier and more fun to be with. Listen to a short story and com

4、plete the following sentences:1. The story took place at the time of _ _.2. The relationship between the woman and the little boy is _.3. The woman led the little boy into the store because _.4. The woman bought the boy_ _.5. “Are you God here means _. strangers one cold eveningduring the holiday se

5、ason she knew he needed something in the store kind-hearted some new shoes and warm clothesA Story One cold evening during the holiday season, a little boy about six or seven was standing out in front of a store window. The little child had no shoes and his clothes were old and torn. A young woman p

6、assing by saw the little boy and could read the longing in his pale blue eyes. She took the child by the hand and led him into the store. There she bought him some new shoes and warm clothes. They came back outside into the street and the woman said to the child, “Now you can go home and have a very

7、 happy holiday. The little boy looked up at her and asked, “Are you God, Maam? She smiled down at him and replied, “No, son, Im just one of his children. The little boy then said, “I knew you had to be a relative of God. Talking in Pairs1.What is your viewpoint of the interpersonal relationships now

8、adays?2. If you were the woman, what would you do? Try to explain it.Appreciation and Group DiscussionDiscussion QuestionsVarious kinds of relationships exist in daily life as in the pictures. Discuss in groups the different personal relationships we deal with in real life. 2. In our life, some peop

9、le are open while some others are reserved. Which type do you prefer? Why?Discussion Questions3. What are the relationships of the people in the following pictures? Say anything you know about them. Sample Answer A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. They worked together

10、to further the American Revolution and later to shape the new scheme of government. From that work developed a friendship, which lasted 50 years. Four and a half months before he died, when he was ill and worried about his poor family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madisons r

11、eply remind us that friends are friends until death. Listen to a passage and answer questions:Words you need to know: acquaintance 熟人熟人 intimate 亲密的亲密的harmonious 和谐的和谐的 tolerate 容忍容忍 Questions :1. According to the passage, what is the word “friend? 2. Why does everyone need friendship? 3. Why do mod

12、ern people attach more importance to friendship?It covers a wide range of meanings as a classmate, a nodding acquaintance, a coworker, etc.We need help from, and also give help to, others. As life is full of difficulties and conflict, we need friends to support and help us and give us warnings again

13、st danger. We Need Friends The word, “friend, covers a wide range of meanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a classmate, a partner, a playmate, or an intimate colleague. Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed. We need help from, and also give help to, others.

14、 In modern times, people attach more importance to relationships and connections. As life is full of difficulties and conflict, we need friends to support and help us. Our friends give us warnings against danger. Our friends offer us advice with regard to how to deal with various situations. True fr

15、iends share not only our joys but also our sorrows. With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is sad and unfortunate. With friends, we know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share.I will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends. I will show m

16、y concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.Brainstorming : Tell the class any words you know to describe the qualities of a true friend. friendsfriendshonestconsideratehelpfulreliablegenerousunderstandingthoughtfulfaithfulVideo ClipWatch the video and discuss the following questions1.

17、Do you like the movie? Why?2. When you and your friend are both in danger, will you lay down your life for him/her?Video ClipClick the pictureProverbs and SayingsA life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有了太阳。人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有了太阳。 In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we kno

18、w our friends. John Churton Collins在顺境中，朋友结识了我们；在逆境中我们了解在顺境中，朋友结识了我们；在逆境中我们了解了朋友。了朋友。 约翰约翰丘顿丘顿柯林斯柯林斯Youth gives love and roses, age still leaves us friends and wine. Thomas Moore青春赋予我们爱情和玫瑰，岁月带给我们朋青春赋予我们爱情和玫瑰，岁月带给我们朋友和美酒。友和美酒。 托马斯托马斯摩尔摩尔Will you give your time, favorite books, money or blood to a fr

19、iend? I would be willing to give anything to my best friend. As to my casual friends, I would give my time and blood to them when they are really needed. But I would not give my money or favorite books to them. If they really need money or like my books I would lend some money or books to them. Anyw

20、ay, I would readily give help to my friends when it is needed because “a friend in need is a friend indeed. 2. Who released the bombs which landed in the small orphanage? And who offered medical help to the wounded? It was not exactly stated that which side released the bombs. But based on the fact

21、that the intruder to Vietnam was American troops, we could fairly say they were American Air Force. The medical help was a young American Navy doctor and a Navy nurse. So it was quite ironic that both the destroying part and the protecting part came from America. No. After the moment of the insertio

22、n, he let out a long sob. And after a few moments another sob escaped, but he was always trying to cover up his crying. Finally his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying. Hengs sobbing and silent crying suggested that he was terrified and frightened by death, but at the same time he would

23、 rather lay down his life for his friend. 3. Did Heng cry loudly as soon as the needle was inserted into his arms? context (para.12)whenwherewhowhat in Vietnam Warin a small villageseveral children, including one young girlBombs landed in the orphanage and some children were wounded. 1) Medical help

24、 arrived and they found the young girl needed blood. (Para.3) 2) Only several children had the correct blood type. (Para.4) 3) Because of language barrier, they had difficulties in asking the children for blood. (Para.5) 4) Heng was willing to give blood but he was always sobbing and then crying sil

25、ently during the operation. (Para.6 13) 5) Under the help of the Vietnamese nurse, the Americans knew the reason. Heng thought that he would die, but he still did it because she was his friend. (Para.14 Para.18) In time order, what happened next? (para.318) meaning of the story (para.19)There is no

26、love greater than this, that a person lay down his/her life for a friend.Nobody knows what these bombs were supposed to hit during the terrible Vietnam War, but they landed in a small orphanage run by a missionary group. (Line 1)be supposed to do 应该做应该做，理，理应做应做 在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹些

27、炸弹要要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。Every student is supposed to be in the classroom before 8 oclock. 所有学生8点以前应该到教室。情人节你不应该送她康乃馨，你该送她玫瑰。 On Valentines Day, you are not supposed to send her carnations. You are supposed to send roses.2. it was clear that without immediate actio

28、n, she would die from loss of blood and shock. (Line 9) it is clear + +主语从句主语从句 很显然，很清楚，显而易见很显然，很清楚，显而易见 此句型中此句型中clear 常可被其他形容词替换常可被其他形容词替换如如：it is obvious that, it is true that, it is evident that等等 显然你没有得到她的青睐，否那么，她不会拒绝你的邀请。 It is clear that you didnt win her affection, otherwise she wouldnt rejec

29、t your invitation.It is true that without English course, college life may become much easier. But it is obvious that you cant keep pace with the modern society if you dont study English. 没有英语课，大学生活确实会轻松很多。但是不学英语，你显然不能适应现代社会的需要。2. It was clear that without immediate action, she would die from loss o

30、f blood and shock. (Line 9) 如果不能立即采取行动，如果不能立即采取行动，显然显然她将因失血过多和休克而死亡。她将因失血过多和休克而死亡。3. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, they tried to explain to the frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certa

31、inly die. (Line 16)1. Using + 宾语从句在句中作状语2. together with 相当于as well as，与前面短语一起作状语3. they tried to explain 是句子的主语和谓语局部4. the frightened children 是句子的一个宾语间接宾语5. unless they could give 既是句子的直接宾语又是后面 句子的条件从句3. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, they

32、tried to explain to these frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certainly die. (Line 16)医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势语，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子合大量的手势语，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否那么她将必死无疑。伙伴，否那么她将必死无疑。4. Heng was quickl

33、y laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. (Line 27)此句中此句中 his arm cleaned with alcohol 和和 the needle inserted into his arm是是独立主格结构。独立主格结构。独立主格结构在句中作状语，有自己的逻辑独立主格结构在句中作状语，有自己的逻辑主语主语, 表示一种伴随的动作或情况。表示一种伴随的动作或情况。 独立主格结构独立主格结构 主语主语 +副词副词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动

34、词不定式动词不定式 +其他其他形容词短语形容词短语She lay on her back, _.她脸朝天头枕着交叉的手躺着。 _, she has to take care of the family.妈妈病了，她得承担起照顾全家的责任。her hands crossed under the headMother being ill_, we had to go to work.钟已敲过，我们不得不去工作了。The clock having struck伴随状语原因状语时间状语He has been working very hard,_.他工作一直很努力，第一部小说即将发表。his firs

35、t novel to be published soon There are four factories in this region, _.这个地区有四个工厂，每个有200名工人。 each having 200 workers 结果状语同位语与句子相比，独立主格结构短小精干，常使句与句子相比，独立主格结构短小精干，常使句子言简意赅，也使文章的句式丰富多彩子言简意赅，也使文章的句式丰富多彩Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol.Heng was quickly laid on a bed, and his a

36、rm was cleaned with alcohol.试比较试比较4. Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. (Line 27)Heng 很快被抱到一张床上，很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精手臂用酒精消了毒消了毒，并且，并且针插进了他的胳膊针插进了他的胳膊。5. The medical team now was very worried because the needle should not have been hurting t

37、heir tiny patient. (Line 42)should + have + 过去分词过去分词 这一结构的肯这一结构的肯定形式表示本应该做却没有做；其否认定形式表示本应该做却没有做；其否认形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。She shouldnt have left the hospital so soon, for she had not yet recovered.她不该那么早就出院，因为她还没有康复。 You should have got Mark A in your final examination but your handwritin

38、g is too bad.你本可以在期末考试中得A,但是你的字写得太糟。 5. The medical team now was very worried because the needle should not have been hurting their tiny patient. (Line 42)现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针不该不该使他们的小病人一直感到疼痛。使他们的小病人一直感到疼痛。 If you break the law, you must be prepared to suffer the consequences. 你如果违犯法律，就必须准备

39、承担后果。 That young man had to suffer the injuries caused by the chemical weapons left by Japanese troops in World War II. 那个年轻人不得不去承受日军在二战期间遗留的化学武器给他造成的伤害。1) vt. 忍受，容忍，承受，耐住1. suffer (Line 5): feel or have pain, loss, etc. Boxing legend Mohammed Ali suffers from the disease of Parkinson for a long tim

40、e. 拳王阿里身患帕金森氏病已经有很长一段时间了。It is natural for many freshmen to suffer from homesickness now and then.许多大学新生偶尔会想念自己的家乡是很自然的事情。2) vi. 受痛苦，受苦难，患病2. wound (Line 6); injure (Line 9); hurt (Line 36)woundinjure一般是指由枪械或者刀剑等锋利物体造成的身体上的伤害。a)由于重物如棍棒或者炸弹爆炸所造成的伤害；b)在事故中受到的伤害。hurt除表示受伤外，主要用于表示身体疼痛及情感受伤害。词义辨析请用请用woun

41、d, hurt 或或 injure 的适当形式填空的适当形式填空 She was slightly _ when she fell off the ladder. 她从梯子上跌下来时，受了一点轻伤。 The bullet unfortunately _ James Bond in the shoulder.枪弹不幸打伤了詹姆斯 邦德的肩膀。 Hong Kong Phoenix TV news anchor Liu Hai-ruo was seriously _ in a British train accident in 2002. 香港凤凰卫视新闻主播刘海假设在2002年发生在英国的一次列车

42、事故中身受重伤。 wounded injuredhurt3. supply (Line11)1) n. supplying, stock 补给,供给,常作supplies 供给品，补给品，(储藏)物资a good supply of fruit 水果的大量供给水果的大量供给 household (medical) supplies 家庭家庭( (医药医药) )用品用品 2) vt.make available to use 供给，供给，提供所需物品；把供给给with；为提供 The UN is urgently _ for the survivors in Bam, the quake-str

43、icken ancient city in Iran.联合国紧急向受地震侵袭的伊朗巴姆古城的幸存者提供粮食和帐篷。supplying food and campsrequest 请求,语气较强require 委婉、客气，通常不用于口语 May I request you to leave? We request the favor of a reply at your earliest convenience.请你离开一下好吗？请方便时尽早给予答复。4. request (Line21): vt. ask or being asked 请求，要求，恳求请求，要求，恳求 request requ

44、ire词义辨析require vt. 类似 order, demand 用法，向对方提出的要求有 一定权威性，强制对方服从其要求，但语气弱 些，常用于被动语态。 The border police required the traveler to unlock his luggage. 边境警察要求游客翻开自己的行李。要想成为一名优秀的足球裁判同样需要下苦工夫。 To become an excellent soccer referee requires painstaking effort as well.请用请用 request 或或 require 的适当形式填空的适当形式填空The U

45、S Navy _ us to provide emergent assistance.You are _ to attend tomorrows news conference.The presence of all members of the band was _.The new regulation _ strict observance in every detail.requestedrequiredrequestedrequires 5. insert (Line29)An surgeon inserted a special medical device into his mou

46、th to pick up DNA sample.医生把一个特殊的医学装置插入他的口中来提取DNA样本。1) vt. put something in something else 插入，嵌入Medical examiners found a knife-like insert inside the victims stomach.法医在受害者的体内发现了一把刀状的插入物。2) n. something inserted 插入物，镶补物6. stiff (Line32): adj.1) quite hard and not easy to bend 硬的，僵直的I cant play the

47、piano like I used to. My fingers have gone stiff from lack of practice. 我不能像过去那样弹钢琴了，我的手指因缺乏练习变得僵硬了。2) formal, unfriendly 生硬的，呆板的，不友好的Facing journalists questions, the Prime Minister always kept a stiff face. 面对记者的提问，那位总理总是板着面孔。7. occasional (Line 40): adj. happening sometimes 偶然的，偶尔的，非经常的 天气还算不错，只是

48、偶尔有阵雨。 The weather was good except for an occasional shower. occasional visits / rain / sneeze / trips 偶尔来访/有雨/打喷嚏/旅行8. steady (Line40): adj.1) developing or growing gradually 不断的，持续的Yao Mings steady progress in skills results from his wonderful performance in the NBA matches.姚明的不断进步的球技来自于他在NBA比赛中的出

49、色表现。2) firm, stable 稳的，平稳的Jackie Chans amazing Chinese kung fu lays a steady foundation for his success in Hollywood.成龙的令人惊叹的中国功夫为他在好莱坞的成功打下了牢固的根底。9. relief (Line50): n.1) the lessening or removing of pain, anxiety, etc. 痛苦等缓解，减轻，解除Fans support brought R. Baggio some relief from the missing of the p

50、enalty in the final of 1994s World Cup.球迷们的支持使罗伯特巴乔多少缓解了1994年世界杯决赛射失点球的痛苦。2) the feeling that you have when something unpleasant stops or becomes less strong痛苦、忧郁等消除后感到的轻松，宽心，宽慰It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen. 发现没丢任何东西，感到很宽慰。同根词：relieve: v. ease, lessen 使减轻，使解除痛苦、忧愁等；使宽慰She sai

51、d that listening to light music could relieve her pressure in study.她说听轻音乐可以减轻学习中的压力。10. lay down (Line57): lose or stop having something willingly in order to help others 牺牲，献身Countless space experts are laying down their wits and energy to accelerate the realization of the launch of Shenzhou VI sp

52、aceship. 无数航天科技人员都在为加速实现“神舟六号的发射奉献着自己的智慧和精力。Yitzhak Rabin, called man of Israel, even laid down his life for the eternal peace of the Middle East.被称为以色列伟人的拉宾为中东地区的永久和平甚至献出了自己的生命。10. lay down (Line57): lose or stop having something willingly in order to help others 牺牲，献身1. 这个女孩腿上有伤。 The girl suffered

53、 wounds to her legs.2. 几小时后，医疗救助人员赶到了。A couple of hours later, medical help arrived.3. 立即的行动immediate action4. 相配的/适合的血型 the matching/correct blood type 5. His life was / hung in the balance. 他命悬一线。 6. after several long moments of silence 几次长时间沉默后 7. Heng lay stiff and silent. Heng直挺挺地躺着，也不说话。 8. A

54、 look of great relief spread over his face. 他的脸上露出了轻松的表情。 Words you need to know:innocent 纯真的纯真的 impact 影响影响 Downing 道宁地名道宁地名Remembering the CarpentersThese were two innocent kids from Downing that loved to make music and they did it with tender love and care. They admired each other greatly. They h

55、ad an enormous impact. They made a lot of people happy and still continue to. 纪念卡朋特兄妹纪念卡朋特兄妹这是两个来自道宁的纯真孩子。他们热爱音乐，这是两个来自道宁的纯真孩子。他们热爱音乐，怀着爱心和关怀来创作音乐。他们彼此钦慕，影怀着爱心和关怀来创作音乐。他们彼此钦慕，影响深远。他们曾使并不断使许多人感到快乐。响深远。他们曾使并不断使许多人感到快乐。Yet they could only get the blood if one of the frightened children would agree to g

56、ive it. (Line 22)此句可以从反面着笔进行翻译，即正说反译或反说此句可以从反面着笔进行翻译，即正说反译或反说正译。不用这种反面着笔译法的译文并非不通，而正译。不用这种反面着笔译法的译文并非不通，而是译者为了到达行文优美、表达生动的目的。此为是译者为了到达行文优美、表达生动的目的。此为英汉翻译中非常有用的一个技巧。英汉翻译中非常有用的一个技巧。然而，如果这些受惊吓的孩子中无人然而，如果这些受惊吓的孩子中无人自愿献血，他们就无法得到血。自愿献血，他们就无法得到血。 You couldnt kill any more. 你已经恶贯满盈了。你已经恶贯满盈了。I prefer the re

57、d one to the black one.我要红的，不要黑的。我要红的，不要黑的。This book could not have been written or published without the help of dozens of people, and I am deeply grateful to all of them.这本书的写作和出版曾得到许多位友人的各种帮助这本书的写作和出版曾得到许多位友人的各种帮助, ,谨谨此一并深表谢意。此一并深表谢意。 After a moment, the little boy stopped crying, opened his eyes

58、, and looked questioningly at the Vietnamese nurse. (Line 48)词性转换在英汉翻译中是常用的手段。在英语里可以用一词性转换在英汉翻译中是常用的手段。在英语里可以用一个名词表达的感受，汉语也许可用一个动词；一个汉语里个名词表达的感受，汉语也许可用一个动词；一个汉语里的副词在英语表达时可能转换成形容词，这类例子比比皆的副词在英语表达时可能转换成形容词，这类例子比比皆是。词性转换几乎可以在所有词性间进行。是。词性转换几乎可以在所有词性间进行。 过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问

59、的目光看着越南护士。 The medical help was a young American Navy doctor and an equally young Navy nurse.救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。护士组成。 Their request was met with wide-eyed silence. 对医生和护士的请求，孩子瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。对医生和护士的请求，孩子瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。 A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an Ame

60、rican, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。像个美国人。 The Vietnamese nurse repeated the question to the little boy, who answered simply, “ Shes my friend. (Line 55) 定语从句翻译时的变通主要在于调整从句的类别。在翻译定语从句翻译时的变通主要在于调整从句的类别。在翻译过程中，可以灵活变通，把定语从句译成各种类型的状语，过程中，可以灵活变通，把定语从句译成各种类型的状语，包括原因、目的、结