十四、状语从句

1、十四、状语从句十四、状语从句语法精讲语法精讲状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。状语从句可位于主句之前等九大类。状语从句可位于主句之前, ,也可位于主句之后。也可位于主句之后。考点一时间状语从句考点一时间状语从句1.when/while/as1.when/while/as when when可以和延续性动词连用可以和延续性动词连用, ,也可以和短暂性动词连用也可以和短暂性动词连用, ,而而whilewhile和和asas只能只能 和延续性动词连用。和延续性动词连用。whenwhen引导的从

2、句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之引导的从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之 前、之后或同时发生前、之后或同时发生, ,而而whilewhile和和asas引导的从句的谓语动作必须和主句谓语引导的从句的谓语动作必须和主句谓语 动作同时发生。动作同时发生。asas常表示常表示“随着随着, ,一边一边一边一边”。 When John arrived,IWhen John arrived,I was cooking in the kitchen. was cooking in the kitchen. 约翰到时约翰到时, ,我正在厨房做饭。我正在厨房做饭。 They arrived while/when

3、/as we were having dinner.They arrived while/when/as we were having dinner. 我们正在吃饭的时候他们到了。我们正在吃饭的时候他们到了。 John sings as he works.John sings as he works. 约翰一边工作约翰一边工作, ,一边唱歌。一边唱歌。2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment/minute/ moment/minute

4、/ second/instant,no second/instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/rarely/scarcely. sooner.than.,hardly/rarely/scarcely. when. when. 这些从属连词都译为这些从属连词都译为“一一就就”,”,表示从句的动作一发生表示从句的动作一发生, ,主句的动主句的动 作随即就发生。作随即就发生。 He started as soon as he received the news.He started as soon as he received the news. 他一接到消息就动身了。他一接到

5、消息就动身了。 The moment I heard the voice,IThe moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming. knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音我一听到那个声音, ,我就知道父亲来了。我就知道父亲来了。 The man began to work immediately he arrived there.The man began to work immediately he arrived there. 那个人一到那儿就开始工作。那个人一到那儿就开始工作。 No sooner had I

6、 arrived home than it began to rain.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 我一到家就开始下雨。我一到家就开始下雨。3.till3.till和和untiluntil的用法的用法(1)(1)肯定句中肯定句中, ,主句谓语动词应是延续性动词主句谓语动词应是延续性动词, ,意为意为“某动作一直延续到某时某动作一直延续到某时 间点才停止间点才停止”。 He remained there till/until she arrived.He remained there till/until she arr

7、ived. 他在那儿一直待到她到达。他在那儿一直待到她到达。(2)(2)否定句中否定句中, ,主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词, ,从句为肯定式从句为肯定式, ,意为意为“某动某动 作直到某时间点才开始。作直到某时间点才开始。” I was not aware that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to I was not aware that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to the station. the station.直到到了车站我才意识到我忘带车票了。直到到了车站我才意识

8、到我忘带车票了。(3)till(3)till不可置于句首不可置于句首,until,until可以。可以。(4)(4)强调和倒装句中强调和倒装句中,not.until,not.until应视为一个整体应视为一个整体, ,同时被强调或置于句首。同时被强调或置于句首。 Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation. 我们只有了解更多情况才能改善现状。我们只有了解更多情况才能改善现状。 It w

9、as not until I had read your letter that I knew the truth.It was not until I had read your letter that I knew the truth.直直 到读了你的信我才知道事情的真相。到读了你的信我才知道事情的真相。4.since4.since(1)(1)从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词, ,主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反 复发生的动作。复发生的动作。sincesince引导的从句时态为一般过去时引导的从句时态为一般过去时, ,主句时态为现在完

10、主句时态为现在完 成时或现在完成进行时。成时或现在完成进行时。 She has been working for the company since she left school.She has been working for the company since she left school.她她 自从毕业一直在这家公司工作。自从毕业一直在这家公司工作。(2)(2)句型句型“It is/has been+It is/has been+时间段时间段+since.”+since.”意为意为“自从自从到现在多到现在多 久了久了”。 It is a long time since I saw y

11、ou last time.=I have not seen It is a long time since I saw you last time.=I have not seen you for a long time. you for a long time.我很久没见过你了。我很久没见过你了。 It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school. school. =I was ad

12、mitted to this key middle school two years ago. =I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago. 自从我被这所重点中学录取已经两年了。自从我被这所重点中学录取已经两年了。 It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I smoked a cigar. =It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar. =It is three years sinc

13、e I stopped smoking a cigar. 我三年没抽雪茄了。我三年没抽雪茄了。5.before 5.before (1)before(1)before常用于表示常用于表示“还未还未就就,不到不到就就;才才;趁趁;还没还没 来得及来得及就就”等含义。等含义。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四我们航行了四 天四夜才看见陆地。天四夜才看见陆地。 He rushed out

14、 of the room before I could say anything else.He rushed out of the room before I could say anything else.我还没来得及我还没来得及 说别的他就冲出了房间。说别的他就冲出了房间。 Please write it down before you forget it.Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2)(2)句型句型“It was/will be+It was/will be+时间段时间段+be

15、fore.”+before.”意为意为“过了过了/ /要过多久才要过多久才。“It It was not long before./ It wont be long before.” was not long before./ It wont be long before.”意为意为“不久不久 就就”。 It will be half a year before I come back.It will be half a year before I come back. 要过半年我才能回来。要过半年我才能回来。 It was not long before he sensed the dang

16、er of the position.It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.没过多久他没过多久他 就感觉到这个位置的危险。就感觉到这个位置的危险。 6.every time,each time,next time,the6.every time,each time,next time,the first time first time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语等名词短语用来引导时间状语 从句从句, ,表示表示“每当每当, ,每次每次, ,下次下次, ,第一次第一次”等。等。 Every time I saw h

17、im,IEvery time I saw him,I found him to be taller. found him to be taller. 每次我碰见他每次我碰见他, ,都觉得他长高了。都觉得他长高了。考点二地点状语从句考点二地点状语从句1.1.通常由连词通常由连词wherewhere和和whereverwherever引导引导, ,从句可位于主句之前从句可位于主句之前, ,也可位于主句也可位于主句 之后。之后。 Youd better not leave the medicine where kids can get it.Youd better not leave the med

18、icine where kids can get it. 你最好不要把药放在孩子够得着的地方。你最好不要把药放在孩子够得着的地方。 Children will play wherever they happen to be.Children will play wherever they happen to be. 小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。2.2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 Where theres a will,theresWhere theres a will,theres a way. a way. 有志者有志

19、者, ,事竟成。事竟成。 Where(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain,theWhere(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain,the fields are fields are green. green.哪里阳光雨水充足哪里阳光雨水充足, ,哪里的田野就绿油油的。哪里的田野就绿油油的。特别提示特别提示 wherewhere引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别: :wherewhere引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词, ,而在定语从句中而在定语从句中wherewhere作为关系副

20、作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如: :如果你到风俗习惯不同的地方旅游如果你到风俗习惯不同的地方旅游, ,请入乡随俗。请入乡随俗。If you are travelling where the customs are really foreign to If you are travelling where the customs are really foreign to your own,pleaseyour own,please do as the Romans do.( do as the Romans do.(地点状语从句地点状语从句) )If

21、 you are travelling in places where the customs are really If you are travelling in places where the customs are really foreign to your own,pleaseforeign to your own,please do as the Romans do.( do as the Romans do.(定语从句定语从句) )考点三条件状语从句考点三条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词引导条件状语从句的从属连词( (词组词组) )有有:if (:if (如果如果),

22、unless (),unless (除非除非, ,如果如果不不),as/so long as(),as/so long as(只要只要),supposing (that)(),supposing (that)(倘若倘若, ,假定假定),provided ),provided (that)(that)(假若假若, ,倘若倘若),providing (that)(),providing (that)(倘若倘若),on condition that (),on condition that (条件条件是是),in case (),in case (如果如果) )等。等。 You will succe

23、ed as long as you study hard.You will succeed as long as you study hard.只要你努力学习只要你努力学习, ,你一定会成功。你一定会成功。Supposing it rains,whatSupposing it rains,what shall we do? shall we do?假如下雨假如下雨, ,我们该怎么办呢我们该怎么办呢? ?考点四让步状语从句考点四让步状语从句1.although1.although与与thoughthough引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。 二者可互换二者可互换, ,且都可与且都可与yet

24、,stillyet,still或或neverthelessnevertheless连用连用, ,但不与但不与 butbut连用。连用。 thoughthough引导让步状语从句放在句首时引导让步状语从句放在句首时, ,可使用倒装结构可使用倒装结构, ,但但althoughalthough引导的引导的 状语从句不能倒装。状语从句不能倒装。 He didnt stop working though/although he was ill.He didnt stop working though/although he was ill. 虽然病了虽然病了, ,但他没有停止工作。但他没有停止工作。 Y

25、oung though she is,sheYoung though she is,she knows how to deal with such a thing. knows how to deal with such a thing.她虽她虽 然年轻然年轻, ,但懂得如何处理这件事。但懂得如何处理这件事。( (本句中本句中thoughthough不可换为不可换为although)although)特别提示特别提示 thoughthough还可作副词用于句末还可作副词用于句末, ,意为意为“可是可是, ,然而然而, ,不过不过”,although,although则不能。则不能。He sai

26、d he would come.HeHe said he would come.He didnt though. didnt though.他说他会来他说他会来, ,可是他没有来。可是他没有来。2.as2.as引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时, ,需要使用倒装结构需要使用倒装结构, ,表示强调。表示强调。 Tired as he was ( = Though he was tired),heTired as he was ( = Though he was tired),he continued his work. continued his work. 尽管他累了尽管他累了, ,他还是继

27、续工作。他还是继续工作。 Much as I respect him ( =Though I respect him much) ,I cant Much as I respect him ( =Though I respect him much) ,I cant agree to his proposal. agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊重他尽管我很尊重他, ,我还是不赞成他的提议。我还是不赞成他的提议。3.while3.while引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句, ,一般放在句首。一般放在句首。 While (= Although) I dont like it,

28、IWhile (= Although) I dont like it,I will try to learn it well. will try to learn it well. 尽管我不喜欢它尽管我不喜欢它, ,我也会努力学好。我也会努力学好。4.whatever/no matter what,whoever/no matter who,whichever4.whatever/no matter what,whoever/no matter who,whichever/no /no matter which matter which都可以引导让步状语从句都可以引导让步状语从句, ,而且而且

29、whatever,whoeverwhatever,whoever, , whichever whichever还可以引导名词性从句还可以引导名词性从句, ,但但“no matter +whno matter +wh-ever”-ever”不能引不能引 导名词性从句导名词性从句, ,只能引导让步状语从句。只能引导让步状语从句。 Whatever/No matter what you say,IWhatever/No matter what you say,I wont believe you.( wont believe you.(让步状语从让步状语从 句句) )不管你说什么不管你说什么, ,我

30、决不相信你的话。我决不相信你的话。 You can take whatever you like.(You can take whatever you like.(名词性从句名词性从句) ) 喜欢什么你就可以拿什么。喜欢什么你就可以拿什么。考点五方式状语从句考点五方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式, ,常由常由as (as (像像一一样样),as if/though(),as if/though(似乎似乎, ,好像好像) )等引导。等引导。1.as1.as引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句, ,前面常可用前面常可用justjust加

31、强语气。加强语气。 You must do the exercise as I tell you.You must do the exercise as I tell you. 你必须按照我告诉你的方法做练习。你必须按照我告诉你的方法做练习。 I did just as the teacher did.I did just as the teacher did.我就像老师那样做的做了。我就像老师那样做的做了。2.as if/as though2.as if/as though引导方式状语从句时引导方式状语从句时, ,常用虚拟语气。常用虚拟语气。 She spoke English so wel

32、l as if she had been to America.She spoke English so well as if she had been to America. 她英语说得非常好她英语说得非常好, ,就好像她去过美国似的。就好像她去过美国似的。考点六原因状语从句考点六原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有引导原因状语从句的连词有:because,as,since,now:because,as,since,now that that等。等。区别区别连词连词位置位置内涵内涵能否回答能否回答whywhy问句问句能否被能否被强调强调语气语气becausebecause灵活灵活直接因果直

33、接因果关系关系能能能能最强最强asas灵活灵活双方都知道双方都知道的原因的原因不能不能不能不能稍弱稍弱since/now thatsince/now that主句前主句前Why were you late?Why were you late?你为什么迟到了你为什么迟到了? ?Because I was caught in traffic jams.Because I was caught in traffic jams.因为我遇上交通堵塞了。因为我遇上交通堵塞了。As its dark,wedAs its dark,wed better go off work. better go off w

34、ork.由于天黑了由于天黑了, ,我们最好还是下班吧。我们最好还是下班吧。Since you cant answer the question,IllSince you cant answer the question,Ill ask someone else. ask someone else.既然你回答不了这个问题既然你回答不了这个问题, ,那我就问问别人吧。那我就问问别人吧。Now that youve known the truth,INow that youve known the truth,I neednt keep it secret. neednt keep it secre

35、t.既然你已经知道真相既然你已经知道真相, ,我就不必保密了。我就不必保密了。特别提示特别提示 forfor也可用来表原因也可用来表原因, ,为并列连词为并列连词, ,起补充说明的作用。起补充说明的作用。He cant see,forHe cant see,for he is blind. he is blind.他看不见他看不见, ,因为眼睛失明了。因为眼睛失明了。考点七结果状语从句考点七结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有引导结果状语从句的连词有:so that,so.that,such:so that,so.that,such.that.that。其结构是。其结构是: :1.so+ad

36、j./adv.+that 1.so+adj./adv.+that 从句从句 so+adj.+a(nso+adj.+a(n) +) +可数名词单数可数名词单数+ that+ that从句从句 so+manyso+many/much/little/few+/much/little/few+名词名词+ that+ that从句从句 2.such+a(n)+adj.+2.such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数可数名词单数+ that+ that从句从句 such+adjsuch+adj.+.+可数名词复数可数名词复数/ /不可数名词不可数名词+ that+ that从句从句 such+asuch+

37、a lot of/lots of + lot of/lots of +名词名词+ that + that 从句从句 3.3.主句主句+so that+so that从句从句 It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street. =It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street. =It was so cold a day that there wa

38、s nobody in the street. =It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street. =It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street. 天气非常冷天气非常冷, ,街上一个人也没有。街上一个人也没有。考点八目的状语从句考点八目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,in :so that,in order that,for fear that,in case

39、,lestcase,lest 等。等。1.so that 1.so that 与与 in order that(in order that(表肯定表肯定) ) in order that in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后, ,而而so that so that 引导的从句引导的从句 通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can,may,could,mightcan,may,could,might等情态动词连用。等情态动词连用。 John spoke through a microphone so that he cou

40、ld be heard in every John spoke through a microphone so that he could be heard in every room. room.为了让每个房间的人都能听到他的声音为了让每个房间的人都能听到他的声音, ,约翰用麦克风讲话。约翰用麦克风讲话。 In order that we might see the sunrise,weIn order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak started for the peak early. early.为了能看到日出

41、为了能看到日出, ,我们早早地出发去山顶。我们早早地出发去山顶。2.for fear that,in2.for fear that,in case case 与与 lest(lest(表否定表否定) ) 这三个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用这三个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should + ) (should + ) 动词原形动词原形”。 He wrote the name down for fear that/in case/lest he (should) He wrote the name down for fear that/in case/lest he (should

42、) forget it. forget it.他把名字写下来以免忘了。他把名字写下来以免忘了。考点九比较状语从句考点九比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有引导比较状语从句的连词有:than,as:than,as.as.,not so/as.as.as.,not so/as.as.John is taller than his father.John is taller than his father.约翰比他父亲高。约翰比他父亲高。John is as tall as his father.John is as tall as his father.约翰和他父亲一样高。约翰和他父亲一样高。J

43、ohn is not so/as tall as his father.John is not so/as tall as his father.约翰不如他父亲高。约翰不如他父亲高。特别提示特别提示 注意两种特殊的表示比较的结构注意两种特殊的表示比较的结构: :the more.the more.the more.the more.结构。结构。The more you exercise,theThe more you exercise,the healthier you will be. healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多就会越健康。你锻炼得越多就会越健康。A is to

44、 B what C is to D A is to B what C is to D 结构。结构。Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.发动机之于机器正如心脏之于动物。发动机之于机器正如心脏之于动物。真题链接真题链接1.Unbelievable! Oh.,1.Unbelievable! Oh., you dont mind,Illyou dont mind,Ill stop and take stop and take a dee

45、p a deep breathbreath. . (2014(2014辽宁辽宁) ) 2.2. neighbors want to get along well with each other,theyneighbors want to get along well with each other,they have to show their tolerance. have to show their tolerance. (2014(2014湖南湖南) )3.“3.“ the areas used for playing fields are often rough and the are

46、as used for playing fields are often rough and rocky,millions rocky,millions of real balls go flat( of real balls go flat(变瘪变瘪) )withinwithin 24 hours,” 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen,a says Tim Jahnigen,a California businessman. California businessman. (2013(2013湖南湖南) )4.Although it costs more to pro

47、duce 4.Although it costs more to produce a typical soccer a typical soccer ball,Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol ball,Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 can last 30 years. years. (2013(2013湖南湖南) ) 答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.if1.if考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知, ,此处需要填一个连词此处需要填一个连词, ,引导

48、条件引导条件 状语从句状语从句, ,表示表示“如果如果”, ,因此填因此填ifif。2.If/ When2.If/ When考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知, ,此处需要填一个连词此处需要填一个连词, ,引引 导条件或时间状语从句导条件或时间状语从句, ,所以填所以填If/ WhenIf/ When。3.Because3.Because考查连词的用法。根据语境可知考查连词的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处需要填一个连词此处需要填一个连词, ,引导原引导原 因状语从句因状语从句, ,所以填所以填BecauseBecause。4.than4.than考查连词的用法。根据

49、语境可知考查连词的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处需要填一个连词此处需要填一个连词, ,引导比较状引导比较状 语从句语从句, ,所以填所以填thanthan。填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。1.Make a mark 1.Make a mark you have any doubts or questions.you have any doubts or questions.2.Dont worry.2.Dont worry. we dont lose heart,wellwe dont lose heart,well find a way to find a wa

50、y to overcome the difficulty. overcome the difficulty.3.Youd better take down all the key points 3.Youd better take down all the key points the memory the memory is still fresh in your mind. is still fresh in your mind.4.4. you disagree with her,shesyou disagree with her,shes worth listening to. wor

51、th listening to.5.5. hard I tried,Ihard I tried,I could not memorize the text. could not memorize the text.语法专练语法专练答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.where1.where考查连词的用法。根据语境可知考查连词的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处需要填连词此处需要填连词, ,引导地点状语引导地点状语 从句从句, ,所以填所以填wherewhere。2.As long as2.As long as考查连词的用法。根据语境可知考查连词的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处需要填连词此处需要填连词, ,引导条件引导条件 状语从句状语从句, ,表示表示“只要只要”, ,所以