汉口校区高升专英语动词种类

1、系动词系动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词实义动词实义动词 系动词，又叫连系动词，这种动词并系动词，又叫连系动词，这种动词并没有没有具体动作具体动作，而只是，而只是起连接起连接主语和后边成分主语和后边成分的的作用作用。 系动词本身有词义，但系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语必须和表语一起构成谓语。说明主语的。说明主语的状状态、性质、特征或身份。态、性质、特征或身份。一一. 系动词系动词 (+形容词形容词)例：1. Come home before it gets dark. (天黑前回家。) 2. My dream will come true in th

2、e future. (我的梦想未来会实现。) 3. She went red with anger. (她气得满脸通红。) become /1get, grow, come, go 形容词 名词变得形容词(2)起来起来look () sound () smell ()/ like ( )taste () fell ()看起来，听起来，闻起来，形容词像名词尝起来，感觉起来例：1. It sounds great. (听起来很棒。)It sounds like a true story. (那好像是真实的故事。)2. The cloth feels soft. (这块布摸起来很柔软。)The cl

3、oth feels like silk. (这块布摸起来像丝。)注意注意：feel like + V-ing (想要想要)；feel like (大概像大概像似的似的)例：例：1. I dont feel like taking a walk now. (我现在不想去散步。我现在不想去散步。) 2. It feels like rain. (大概快下雨了。大概快下雨了。)例：l. She during the earthquake. (地震时她保持冷静。)2. The weather is going to for a few days. (晴天将会持续两三天。)(3)保持保持(状态状态)ke

4、ep, staykept calmstay fine二、助动词二、助动词什么是助动词什么是助动词 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词，）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词，被协助的被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：例如： He doesnt like English.（doesnt是助动词，无词义；是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义是主要动词，有词义)2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：，可以用来：表示时态，例如：表示时态，例如：He is s

5、inging.He has got married.表示语态，例如：表示语态，例如：He was sent to England.构成疑问句，例如：构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life?与否定副词与否定副词not合用，表否定，例如：合用，表否定，例如：I dont like him. 加强语气，例如：加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.3） 最常用的助动词有最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would助动助动词词变化变化

6、形式形式功能功能例句例句beam, is,are, was, wereBe + V-ing 构成进行时The students are having class.They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.Be + done构成被动语态The baby was put in bed by his mother.The invitation was received yesterday.dodoes, did帮助实义动词构成疑问句Do you live in China? Yes, I do.帮助实义动词构成否定句He didnt go to see

7、 the film last Sunday.havehas,hadHave + done, 构成完成时I have never travelled by plane before.- Have you found your lost pen yet?- No, I havent found it yet.will/shallWill/shall + 动词原形，构成将来时I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.There will be more trees in one hundred years.助动词助动词例句例句词义词义词性及作用词性及作用b

8、eI am a student.是系动词I am studying grammar.无词义助动词haveI have two brothers.有实义动词I have studied English for 3 years.无词义助动词doI often do my homework at home.做实义动词I do not like English.无词义助动词助动词的特殊用法：助动词的特殊用法：三、情态动词三、情态动词 情态动词有一定词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和动词原形一起构成谓语。其肯定句，否定句疑问句式的结构通常是: 肯定句：情态动词+动词原形

9、否定句：情态动词+not+动词原形 疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形 情态动词有： can (could), may (might), will (would) shall (should), ought to must, have to (had to) need, dare (dared)Can (could) 能力能力,许可许可,可能可能a.表表能力能力=be able to1.He can speak Japanese, but he cannot/cant write it.2.She tried to tie the rope, but she couldnt(过去式).3.明天我

10、将能完成报告并出去看展览。明天我将能完成报告并出去看展览。 I will be able to finish the paper, and go out to see the exhibition tomorrow.4.我一直想不起他的名字。I havent been able to recall his name.b.表表可能可能1.It cannot be true.2.This kind of thing can happen every now and then.3.A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble. 与人发生口角有时可能导致麻烦。c.表表许可

11、许可1.You can come in if you have a ticket.2.Im afraid you cant park your car here.3.-Can I leave early because Im not well today?-Certainly.d.表表请求请求1.Can you do me a favor? Could you do me a favor? 更为客气2.Could you repeat your cell phone number, please?May （might)a.表表许可许可1.You may not chew gum in clas

12、s.2.-May I interrupt you?-Sure.b.表表可能可能1.You may be right but I am against your opinion.2.His health may or may not turn for the better.3.She might not know that you are here.might所表示的可能性较may低c.表表祈愿祈愿1.May I never see a film like that again!愿我不会再看到那样的电影了。2.May you succeed.祝你成功Musta.表表义务义务,命令命令1.You

13、must return this book by next Tuesday.2.You must not talk with your mouth full.注意 must not 不可以,禁止3.Must I really attend the meeting?-Yes, you must.-No, you need not.-No, you dont have to.注意must=have to must只能用于现在式其过去时只能用had to, 将来时用will have to, 完成时用have had to代替1.I had to go to see the doctor becau

14、se I caught a cold. I caught Toms cold. 被Tom传染了感冒2.Youll have to replace the light bulb.你得把灯泡换一下。3.We have had to stay here because its raining heavily/cats and dogs outside.我们必须一直待在这里,因为外面正在下大雨重点口语中,常用have got to 代替have to 其中have是助动词Youve got to be more patient, Mary.由于have是准助动词,所以可以缩写b.表表推测推测1.You

15、 must be kidding.2.That is an enormous animal; it must weigh a ton.重点表推测时的must,否定用cannot, must not 是不可以,禁止Shes very young. She cannot be over twenty.c.表表必然必然All man must die.人一定会死Willa.表表现在的推测现在的推测1.Mom will be downstairs now.妈妈现在应该在楼下吧2.That will be his house.那应该是他家吧b.表表主语强烈的意志主语强烈的意志;固执固执1.The win

16、dows will not open.窗户怎么也打不开 (人的感受,也许其他人感到可以打开)2.He will insist on his right.他要坚持他的权利c.表表习惯习惯;倾向倾向1.Accidents will happen.事故总会发生2.A drowning man will catch at a straw.溺水者总会攀草求援d.表表请求请求;劝诱劝诱1.Will you bring me a ladder? 请你 好吗 ?麻烦你拿个梯子给我好吗?2.Will you have one more coffee?你要不要再来杯咖啡呢?Wouldwould为will的过去式,

17、但其有特殊的用法a.表表客气的请求客气的请求1.Would you mind if I sit next to you? Would you mind me/my sitting next to you?2.Would you call me back later? Would you please call me back later? Would you call me back later, please?b.表表过去的习惯过去的习惯/常常做的事情常常做的事情常伴随sometimes, often等频率副词Before they had television, people would

18、listen to the radio.Before they had television, people listened to the radio. 语气没上去在有电视之前,人们常常听收音机.Susan would often chat with us at this coffee shop. Susan以前经常和我们在咖啡馆聊天。(现在不了)c表表过去的意志过去的意志You wouldnt eat carrots when you were a boy.The rusty screw wouldnt come loose.这生锈的螺丝怎么也弄不开 表过去习惯1.约翰以前在下课后经常到餐

19、厅打工。 John used to work part-time(adv.) at a restaurant after school.2.我以前常在午休的时候去游泳，但现在不了。 I used to go for a swim on my lunch break, but now I dont.3. I used to go to the movies every Sunday. I wound often go to the movies when I was young.used to 表示过去相当长的习惯would 表示过去动作的重复, 其习惯意味较淡注意used to的否定形used

20、 not to(因其为情态动词) / didnt use to疑问为Used+S+to? 或 Did+S+use to? 1.He used not to drink. He didnt use to drink. 2.Used he to go to school with you? Did he use to go to school with you?Used tob.表表过去持续的状况过去持续的状况1.There used to be an old temple here.这里曾经有一座古庙2.He isnt what he used to be three years ago.他不再

21、是三年前的他了重点物 be used to V (物)被用来人 be used to Ving (人)习惯人 used to V 过去习惯于1.The knife is used to cut bread.2.I am used to keeping good hours. 早睡早起Shoulda.表表义务义务应该应该1.You should exercise more and eat less.play sports有运动项目, take exercise扭扭腰什么的2.The government should spend more money on education.注意注意：人 +s

22、pend+时间或金钱+on sth/doing sth it + takes + 时间 物+cost + 金钱 b.表表推测推测 应该会应该会吧吧1.Our guests should be here within an hour.我们的客人应该会在一个小时之内到吧。be my guest 别客气，请用；请便别客气，请用；请便2.I sent you e-mail/an e-mail yesterday, so you should know about the invitation.我昨天寄了封邮件给你，所以你应该知道邀请函的事吧。 C.表表强烈的惊奇强烈的惊奇怎么会呢怎么会呢1.Who s

23、hould make such a foolish mistake?谁会犯如此愚蠢的错误呢?2.How should I know it?我怎么会知道呢?重点重点ought to(应该应该) 语气强于should, 在口语中常用(美式)1.My bicycle ought to/should/was supposed to be here because I left it just beside the telegraph pole.我的脚踏车应该在这里,因为我就把它停在电线杆旁2.You oughtnt (to) do so.3.Ought we (to) tell him about i

24、t?在疑问和否定,美语常省toNeed (普通动词普通动词/情态动词情态动词)重点：作为情态动词时只在否定句,疑问句,不用在肯定句 作为一般动词 人+need+toV 物+need+Ving/to be done1.You dont need to speak so loud. I hear you very well. 普通动词 你不需要说话这么大声，我听得很清楚You need not speak so loud. I hear you very well. 情态动词2.-Do I need to record the program on the tape? 普通动词我需要把节目录下来吗

25、？-No, you dont （need to）.不， 你不需要3.-Need I record the program on the tape? 情态动词-No, you neednt.-Yes, you must. need作情态动词不能用在肯定句Dare (dare-dared)敢敢dare + VR 情态动词dare +(to)+ VR 一般动词1.她不敢说实话。 She dare not/darent tell the truth. 情态动词She does not dare to tell the truth. 一般动词She does not dare tell the trut

26、h. 一般动词2. 那时不不敢嘲笑他。 I dared not laugh at him at that time. 情态动词I didnt dare to laugh at him at that time. 一般动词I didnt dare laugh at him at that time. 一般动词3.How dare you ask me for help?你怎么敢要求我的帮忙呢？ 4.I dare say he is right.我敢说他是对的。 四、实义动词（根据用法分类）四、实义动词（根据用法分类） 实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。 实义动词是能独立做谓语的动词。 分为及物

27、动词和不及物动词 分为延续性动词和非延续性动词 分为感官动词 使役动词和情绪动词1.及物动词(vt)：及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。1）动词 + 宾语 Would you please open the window?2）动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.3）动词）动词 + 间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物）直接宾语（物） 动词动词+直接宾语（物）直接宾语（物）+介词介词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）例：She asked

28、me a question. (她问我一个问题。 )授与动词所搭配的介词to give (给)，lend (借出)，show (展示)，pass (传递)，pay (付钱)，sell (卖)，send (寄)，teach (教)，tell (告诉)等。for buy (买)，make (制造)，cook (烹煮)，get (得到)，find (找出)，play (演奏)，sing (唱歌)等。of ask (问)例：1. Will you lend me your pen? (请你把你的钢笔借我好吗？)注意：borrow (借入)，其后只能接宾语(物)。例：I borrowed many st

29、ory books from my friend. (我向朋友借了许多故事书。)2. His mother bought him a CD player. (他妈妈买了CD音响给他。)=Will you lend your pen to me? =His mother bought a CD player for him. =His mother bought it for him. = She asked a question of me.2.不及物动词(vi):自身意思完整，无需接宾语；后面若要跟宾语，必须加介词 Horses run fast.look at the blackboard

30、.3.有些动词既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词。如：Boys fly kites.（vt使飘扬）Birds can fly.（vi飞）They run the factory very well.(vt管理)他们管理工厂管的很好。They run ahead of the schoolmates.(vi跑)他们在同学们前头跑。3.延续性动词延续性动词(短暂动词短暂动词)和非延续性动词和非延续性动词(持续动词持续动词)(1)延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示 一段时间一段时间的状语连用。的状语连用。如：如：live, stay, study, wo

31、rk, keep, teach。 1.You can keep this book for two weeks. 2.We have lived in China since 2001.(2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束。非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束。如：如：lend,borrow,die,start,begin,stop,finish,arrive etc.非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和一非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和一段时间的状语连用就要用其他词代替。如：段时间的状语连用就要用其他词代替。如： He has arr

32、ived here for five days. He has been here for five days. (T) The film has begun for ten minutes. The film has been on for ten minutes. (T)非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换1.arriveget to /reach be here (in)2.begin(start) be on3.finish be over4.leave be away (from)5.die be dead6.borrow keep7.catch(a

33、cold) have(a cold)总结：总结：短暂动词的持续形式大多是短暂动词的持续形式大多是bebe动词加上介词，形容词短语，动词加上介词，形容词短语，被动语态，或由被动语态，或由have, keep, stayhave, keep, stay一类常见持续动词来替代。一类常见持续动词来替代。4. 使役动词使役动词“叫叫(人人)做做(事事)”make, have (叫)+宾语+原形动词get (叫)+宾语+ to V.let (让)+宾语+原形动词help (帮忙)+宾语+原形动词/to V例：1. Our parents made us our teeth three times a day. (我们的父母强迫我们一天刷三次牙。) 2. Ill get them it again. (我要叫他们再试一次。) 3. He helped me the wall green. (他帮我把墙漆成绿色。)bru